英语应用文写作课件三级.ppt

1、英语三级应用文写作,高等英语A级考试作文,测试要求：A级考试一般都侧重于应用性文字（摘要，通告，信函，简历表，申请书，协议书等）翻译或写作。 测试形式：测试形式为主观题。总题数为1题。考试时间为25分钟。 测试目的：测试考生套写，书写，填写，翻译应用性短文，信函，填写英文表格及其他简短的实用性文字的能力。,写作评分原则及标准,作文评分标准从表达和语言两方面，只给一个分数，即给印象分(global/impression marking)。评分时应给考生应得(rewarding)分数评定，不要扣分(penalty)方式评定。分数可以为四个等级，即： 1) 11分：内容完整，表达清楚；语言上仅有很少

2、的错误。 2) 8分：内容较完整，表达尚清楚；有一些语言错误，可以有个别句子结构上的错误。 3) 5分：内容大体完整，表达可被勉强理解；有较多的语言错误，包括少量严重错误。 4) 2分：内容不完整，但是没有离题；表达上有较大的困难；语言有很多错误，包括少量严重错误。,如果试卷的得分可高于或低于某一得分等级，则应加1分或减1分，例如：高于11分者可给12分，低于8分者可给7分，如果不按提示写作文或语言表达完全无法理解，应给0分。总之，评分时力求准确，防止趋中倾向。 字数不得少于80字。字数不够，会扣分，每少10个字扣1分。,写作技巧指导,常用文体： 1 商务信函 2 电子邮件 3 征稿启事 4

3、招聘广告 5 通知公告,普通高校专科英语应用能力考试写作主要以测试学生应用文写作为主，主要包括商务信函、报告、合同、通知、履历等等。根据以往考试情况，出现频率较高的主要有信函和履历等内容。,应试指导,审题 首先应该确定要采用的文体。 构思 构思是对审题的进一步延伸。因此考生应该考虑如何突出文章的写作要求。 动笔 在写作过程中英尽可能用自己有把握的词语和熟练运用的句型来表达思想。,修改完善,1）从全局进行检查修改。主要是文章的格式内容是否符合题目要求。 2）局部检查，即段落层次上的检查。检查的重点是段内各句衔接是否紧凑，语义是否连贯，要避免使用含有歧义的句子以及不必要的重复。 3）语言检查，句子

4、是否完整，语句是否符合语法。 4）检查标点符号。大小写是否符合写作规范。 总之，修改后的文章符合商务写作的7C 要求，即Courtesy(礼貌）, Consideration（体谅）, Completeness（完整）, Clarity（清楚）,Conciseness（简洁）, Concreteness（具体）, Correctness（正确）.,书信 书信是重要的交际工具，普通高校高职高专应用考试大纲要求考生能写简短的英文书信，并对格式等作出了相应的要求。这一类书信主要包括事务信函和私人信函。事务信函一般谈论或处理重要事务，包括诸如推荐信、谋职信、申请信、邀请信、贸易邀约和答复、感谢信、索赔

5、信等等。所有这一类信件均为相对来讲正式的文体，应遵循一定的格式和套用礼貌语等。,Chapter One Letters 1. Addressing an Envelope:,Notice 1）The English address is rightly opposite to the Chinese one. a) When you finish each line, you can add a “comma” or omit it; but you must add it if there exists “break-up” 分解. b) Omit the name of country i

6、f it is written within the same country or city or town. c) Dont add “No:” before the doorplate门牌号. Dont add “,” after the number. d) “Road, Street, Avenue”（街道）can be abbreviated as “Rd. , St., Ave.”,e) Different countries have their different code standard. For examples, America takes 5 digit; Aust

7、ralia, 4; and British takes digits mixed with letters. f) Other abbreviated words： Apt.(Apartment), Bldg.(Building), Blvd.(Boulevard), Co.(Company), Corp.(Corporation), Dept.(Department), Inc.(Incorporated), Sq.(Square), N.W.E.W.(North, South, East, West), S.E.(Southeast), N.W.(Northwest),2）The stam

8、p must be stuck on the right top of the envelop. 3）“c/o” （代表care of）. e.g. Miss Zhang Luoqi（收信人姓名） c/o Ms Sun Wenfang（转交者姓名） Editor of the Washington Post（转交者所在单位） 136 Market St.（转交者单位的地址） Rushville, Missouri 4）The add-ons must be written on the left bottom. The usual add-ons are “_airmail_（航空信）,_re

9、gistered letter_（挂号信）,_ printed matter _（印刷品）, _dispatch_（急件）, _ express_（快件）, etc. .,2. Structure of a letter英语书信的结构： 英文书信通常包括6个组成部分： 信头（heading，包括寄信人地址和日期); 信内地址（inside address，指收信人地址); 称呼（salutation）; 正文（body）; 结束语（complimentary）; 签名（signature）; 有时候还包括附言（postscript）和 附件（attachment）。 在考试中，由于篇幅所限，只

10、要求考生在书信中包 括称呼、正文、结束语和签名四个部分。 Two minor parts: Postscript ; Enclosure,2.1 Heading Forms of heading: a) Block Form; Indented Form（缩进）; b) Close punctuation(封闭式，每行后用逗号，最后一行用句号); Open punctuation（开放式，每行均不用，普遍）,190 Phoenix Road, Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.A. Jan.15,2001.,190 Phoenix Road Atlanta, Georgia U.S.

11、A. Jan.15,2001,1. 信头（Heading） 信头是指发信人的地址和日期，通常写在第一页 的右上角。行首可以齐头写，也可以逐行缩进写。 地址的书写顺序由小到大：门牌号、街道、城市、 省（州）、邮编、国名，最后写发信日期。私人信 件一般只写寄信日期即可。例如： 123 Tianhe Road Tianhe District Guangzhou 510620 Guangdong Province P. R. C. March 15, 2002,发信日期的写法： 年份应完全写出，不能简写。 月份要用英文名称，不要用数字代替。 月份名称多用公认的缩写式。但 May, June, July

12、, 因为较短，不可缩写。 写日期时，可用基数词1，2，3，4，5，28，29， 30，31等，也可用序数词 lst, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 28th, 29th, 30th, 31st等。但最好用基数 词，简单明了。 日期可有下列几种写法： Oct. 20, 2004； 10 May., 2004； 3rd June, 2004； Sept. 16th, 2004。其中，最为通用。,Exercise: Rewrite the following address and date into a heading: California/Woodside/21st Feb. 199

13、8/U.S.A./21 Brooke St. 2) New York /504 West 94th St/N.Y./24th June,1998/ U.S.A,信内地址（Inside Address） 信内地址要写收信人的姓名和地址。在公 务信件中要写明这一项，在私人信件中，这 一项常常省略。该项写在写信日期下一行的 左上角，格式与寄信人地址一样。,写信人地址（Address of the writer） 写信日期（Date） 信内（收信人）地址（Inside Address） - - 称呼（Salutation） 正文（the Body of the Letter） -. 结束语（Compl

14、imentary Close） 署名,2.2 Salutation(招呼）. The salutation is directly addresses the recipient of the letter and is followed by a colon（冒号:） (except when a friendly, familiar, sociable tone is intended, in which case a comma is used). Notice: In the simplified letter format, the salutation line is elimin

15、ated altogether. Salutations with “dear” may be “Dear Dad, Dear Mr. Brown, Dear Smith, My dear mother, Dear Madam, Dear Sirs, Dear Prof. Plate”; without “dear” are “Mrs. Walter, Gentlemen, To whom it may concern”, etc.,If you dont know whether the recipient is a man or woman, the traditional practic

16、e has been to write Dear Sir or Dear Sirs. But thats sexist! To avoid this problem, salutations such as Dear Sir or Madame, Dear Ladies and Gentlemen, Dear Friends, or Dear People have been tried but without much general acceptance. Deleting（删除） the salutation line altogether or inserting To Whom It

17、 May Concern in its place, is not ordinarily a good solution either. Its impersonal. The best solution is to make a quick, anonymous phone call to the organization and ask for a name; Or, address the salutation to a department name, committee name, or a position name: Dear Personnel Department, Dear

18、 Recruitment Committee, Dear Chairperson, Dear Director of Financial Aid, for example.,称呼（Salutation） 称呼是对收信人的称谓，应与左边线对齐，写在收信人姓名、地址下面1-2行处。在称呼后，英国人常用逗号，美国人则常用冒号。在私人信件中可直呼收信人的名字，但公务信件中一定要写收信人的姓。大部分信件在称呼前加“Dear”。如：DearProfessor/Prof.Bergen:DearDr.Johnson,对不相识的人可按性别称呼：DearSir:或DearMadam:DearLadies。如果不知

19、收信人的性别则可用DearSirorMadam:,2.3 Body of the letter. The actual message of course is contained in the body of the letter, the paragraphs between the salutation and the complimentary close. 正文是书信的主体。与中文信件不同的是，英文书信的 正文的开头不是先写一些问候语，再阐明写信的目的，而是 直接说明写信人的身份及写信的目的，然后提出写信人的情 况、想法或要求，并加以必要的解释或说明。英文书信陈述 目的时，应该直截了

20、当，意思明确，层次清楚，言简意赅。 书信正文的第一句话或第一段，通常被称为起首语。一般 说来，人们习惯用一些客套的写法作为书信正文的起始，即 先将对方来信的日期、主题加以简单描述，以便使对方一看 便知该信是回答哪一封信的。如果是第一次给别人写信，也 可用开头语作必要的自我介绍，并表明自己写信的主要目的。,正文写作格式： 正文的写作格式主要有英式和美式两种。 1)英式结构即缩进式结构，属于比较传统的结构,即每一段的第一行都向里缩进4-8个字符，且所有段落的缩进距离必须保持一致；称呼顶格写，落款则在中间偏右的位置。 2) 美式结构则是齐头式结构，其特点是所有段落的第一行都顶格写，段与段之间空一行，

21、另外称呼、落款等也都顶格写。 商业信函以及电子邮件最好使用齐头式。,缩进式： Dear Kate, I wonder if you can lend me your MLA Handbook for Academic Writing. I am in the process of writing my graduation thesis, and need to consult the book now and then for standard formatting. Thus I might need to keep the book for about a month and a hal

22、f, and I hope that would not bring any inconvenience to you. I assure you that I will maintain the book in good condition. If possible, please give me a call and I will come by your house to pick up the book. Thanks a lot. Yours, Judy,齐头式： Dear Kate, I wonder if you can lend me your MLA Handbook for

23、 Academic Writing. I am in the process of writing my graduation thesis, and need to consult the book now and then for standard formatting. Thus I might need to keep thebook for about a month and a half, and I hope that would notbring any inconvenience to you. I assure you that I willmaintain the boo

24、k in good condition. If possible, please give me a call and I will come by your house to pick up the book. Thanks a lot. Yours, Judy,2.4 Complimentary close. （信尾客套话）Sincerely yours , Cordially, Respectfully, or Respectfully yours,. 公务信件的结尾礼词包含两部分：发信人的结尾套语与署名。结尾套语写在签名上面一行，第一个字母要大写，套语结尾后面要加逗号。 在公务信件中，

25、发信人常用的结尾套语有：Trulyyours, Yourstruly, Respectfullyyours, Yours respectfully, Faithfullyyours, Yoursfaithfully, Sincerely yours, Yourssincerely Yours truly, Yours 等。 私人信件中，发信人常用的结尾套语有： Sincerely yours, Lovely yours, Your lovely, Your loving son / daughter等。,2.5 Signature block. Whenever possible, inclu

26、de your title or the name of the position you hold just below your name. For example, Technical writing student, Sophomore data processing(数据处理) major, are perfectly acceptable. 写信人的签名常位于结尾礼词正下方一二 行。除非是给很熟悉的人写信，签名一般须写出全名。签名常常较潦草，不易辨认，因此在签名的正下方须打印出全名。,2.6 Enclosures附件: Enclosure, Encl. e.g. Encl.: Re

27、sume and Writing Sample.,Example:,格式例文： 保持书信格式-地址，日期，称谓，落款 2. 根据内容确定文体-建议，劝说，说明， 申请，投诉，介绍；商榷/讨论； 描绘/叙述；致谢，致歉 3. 牢记常用模版和句式,寄信人地址,写信时间 Lun Rinding Department of Computer Changwei College Weifang,Shandong 261000 P.R.China April 29, 2000,正式信函收信人姓名,地址 Mr. Brain Smith, Admissions Office, Stanford Universi

28、ty, Stanford, Calif. 94305 U.S.A.,Dear Sir/Madam/Mr. Smith, 称谓 Professor Shirley Sanderson of your university said when she was visiting our college that Stanford might be able to provide scholarships for a limited number of students from China to pursue postgraduate studies there next term. Since I

29、 expect to receive my bachelors degree in June, I would appreciate being considered a candidate. 第一段：引入/说明写信原委；或叙前谊,As you will notice from the enclosed data sheet, I am especially interested in computer science. You might like to know that during the past year I took all my elective courses in this

30、 field and wrote my thesis on traffic free city centers with computers. My knowledge and practical command of English is adequate. Ive passed TOEFL and GRE with flying colors. 第二段：此段为信的主体，提出有关建议，劝说，说明，申请，投诉，介绍；商榷/讨论；描绘/叙述；致谢，致歉等等,I would be grateful if you could give me a favorable consideration of

31、my application for a scholarship. 第三段：此段表达愿望/希冀，进一步要求，祝愿 I look forward to hearing from you. 结束语 Very truly yours,礼貌落款 Lun Rinding 签名,书信作文模板2 第一段：引入/说明写信原委 Im writing in response to.(your advertisement of Oct.27 in China Daily/your suggestion/letter) *Im writing at the suggestion of a friend who *Im

32、 writing to offer my opinions on/to apologize for/complain about/apply for/recommend to *I would like to apply for.(a job/a position in your corporation) *Im interested in *Im very glad/pleased to know that *Knowing that,第二段：As/Since/When,(you), Im afraid that/ I think that/My suggestion isFirstly，S

33、econdly，Thirdly. 此段为信的主体，有关建议，劝说，说明，申请，投诉，介绍；商榷/讨论；描绘/叙述；致谢，致歉须以“我”的口吻表述，因此应多用 “Im afraid, I would like to, I was pleased, I shall be glad, I expect, I wonder, I hope, I propose/advise/suggest/want, I enjoy, I guess/believe, ”之类的用语，或用些被动句式如: “We/You are(Its )supposed/assumed that.”, 另一常用代词是写信对象”you”

34、: As you will notice/find, As you know, .,第三段： *Im looking forward to your early reply / learning from you / your comments at your earliest convenience. *Would you please let me know whether or not you would be willing toI can be reached by phone/e-mail at65883879/ *I would be grateful if you could

35、give me a favorable consideration of my application for a scholarship/M.A.degree/the job *I hope you will /I shall appreciate it if you could give my application due consideration/consider. *Please let me know if you need any further information. *I enclose(certificates in duplicates) / Enclosed are

36、 my resume and two reference letters/documents. *With my best/kind regards/wishes to you. /With love,1投诉信（抱怨信）(Letter of Complaint) (1) 写作方法 首段：注意客观礼貌 自我介绍； 引出投诉内容 表明目的要求。 主体：展开说明投诉原因、具体理由或后果，注意内容充实，符合交际习惯。 详细说明情况，中肯提出问题； 提出改进建议，表明希望如何解决； 拓展题目内容，尤其要强调如何问题不解决所带来的后果。, 尾段：提出解决方案，不用展开，注意公平公正、礼貌原则。 表达强烈愿

37、望，希望上述问题得到迅速恰当的解决； 有时可就问题的解决限定时间； 对有关人员的努力表示感谢； 希望尽快得到满意答复。,(2) 写作流程图,提出抱怨并表示遗憾,阐述问题发生的经过,指出问题引起的后果,提出批评及处理的意见或敦促对方采取措施,第一部分：提出抱怨并表示遗憾 套语： (1) 很抱歉打扰您，但我必须郑重提出投诉。 I am sorry to trouble you but I am afraid that I have to make a serious complaint. (2) 我很遗憾地告诉你投诉有关.的事由。 I am sorry to tell you that there

38、 should be cause to complain about (3) 我真的很讨厌抱怨，但最近有一件事情确实令人烦心。 I really hate to complain, but one thing is really disturbing now.,第二部分：阐述问题发生的经过 套语：无 第三部分：指出问题引起的后果 套语： (1) 噪音影响我的睡眠，使得我在上班时间无法集中精力。结果这些天我已经搞错了好几次 The noise disturbs my sleep so that I cant concentrate on my work during the work time,

39、 and as a result, I have made several mistakes these days. (2) 在这样（嘈杂）环境下我无法进行研究，我需要一间安静的房间。 For me this environment is very difficult to make studies and I need a quiet room.,第四部分：提出批评及处理的意见或敦促对方采取措施 套语： (1) 我认为是你认识到的时候了。 I think its high time that you realized . (2) 我们深知你们并不经常出错，但我们希望能确保这类差错不再发生。

40、We know that you are not generally careless, but we should like your assurance that this will not happen again. (3) 我必须正告贵方，除非对目前状况采取措施，否则我将被迫诉诸法律。 I must warn you that unless you do something about the situation, I will be forced to take legal action. (4) 坦率地所，我不再准备忍受这种状况。 Frankly, I am not prepare

41、d to put up with the situation any more. (5) 如果您能尽快调查此事，我将不胜感激。期待您尽快回复。 I would be very grateful if you could look into the matter as soon as possible. And I am looking forward to an early reply.,范文示例： Directions: For this part, you are allowed 25 minutes to write a composition on the topic A Letter

42、 to the University President about the Library Service on Campus. You should write at least 100 words, and base your composition on the outline given below in Chinese: 假设你是李强，请你就本校图书馆的状况给校长写一封信，内容应涉及图书馆的藏书数量和更新状况、环境、服务等，可以是表扬，可以是批评建议，也可以兼而有之。 【审题】本文可以从批评着手，成为一封批评信。题目要求中规定了要涉及藏书、环境等内容，为作文提供了一些思路。同时注意

43、，虽然是封批评信，但也要做到客观，不能把图书馆说得一无是处。 【写作思路】 第一段： 介绍写信的目的。 第二段到第四段：从三方面说明图书馆存在的问题 第五段： 指出图书馆给我们的帮助很大，但急需改进 第六段： 结束语,January 6th, 2006 Dear Mr. President, I am writing to express my concern over the Library service on the campus. As a major in English, I find that most of the Books in English in the library

44、 are outdated. So far, I have not come across a single book published After 1995. As a result, we fail to get the latestinformation of academic development both at home and abroad. 开门见山，点明写信缘由 (2) 提出第一个问题，藏书没有及时更新 (3) 指出后果，不能及时得到最新信息,In addition, the light in the reading room is far from bright, whi

45、ch does harm to our eyes. Worse still, there is no air-conditioning and we are sweating heavily still while reading. Last but not least, the newly developed electronic information system does not work well and needs further improvement. A great number of books should have been listed in the system.

46、(4) 指出光线不好 (5) 指出没有空调的问题 意思是“更糟糕的是” (6) 提出最后一个问题,There is no denying that the library has helped us a lot. But it is in urgent need of improvement. When improved, the library is certain to provide much more help with our study. Thank you for your time. I am looking forward toyour reply. Yours sincer

47、ely, Li Qiang (7) 客观说明图书馆的作用 (8) 对图书馆的改进充满期待 (9) 结束语，期待对方的回信,2. 咨询信 (Letter of Inquiry) (1) 写作方法 首段： 复述题目场景，表明写作目的； 遵守礼貌原则，只问相关信息； 简要介绍自己，表明写作目的。 主体： 询问具体问题，注意疑问句式； 提供背景材料及询问原因； 强调所需信息重要性； 题目要求的内容均应涉及。 尾段： 表明急切心情，提供联系方式； 结尾彬彬有礼，表示诚挚谢意； 希望得到对方帮助和合作。,(2) 写作流程图 1.说明写信的目的 2.介绍背景 3.询问详情 4. 表示谢意，期盼回复,第一部分

48、：说明写信的目的 套语： (1) 我是，暑期计划到贵校学习。 I am a and planning to study in your university this summer. (2) 我是一名中国学生，想到贵校学习。我计划下个学期开始上课，如果您能告知一些必要的信息，我将不胜感激。 I am a Chinese student who wishes to study at your university. My plan is to start my course from the next term, and I would be grateful if its so kind of

49、 you to give me some essential information. (3) 我写信是要询问 Im writing to ask if ,第二部分：介绍背景 套语： (1) 我获得 高校的学士学位。毕业后便开始在工作。 I received a Bachelor of degree inAfter graduation, I began working. (2) 是我的朋友建议我写这封信的 。他去年毕业于贵校，热情地向我推荐贵校。 I am writing at the suggestion of a friend who graduated from your univer

50、sity last year and has warmly recommended it to me. (3) 我已经取得了生物学学士学位，并希望能在贵校继续学习。 I have had a bachelors degree in biology and wish to continue my study at your university.,第三部分：询问详情 套语： (1) 您能向我介绍一下贵校的情况吗？ Could you please tell me something about your ? (2) 能否寄给我一份申请表及与申请有关的其他必要的材料？ Would you plea

51、se send me an application form and other materials necessary for my application? (3) 您能尽快告知这些信息并邮寄给我相关表格吗？非常感谢！ Would you please send me all the information and the forms as soon as possible? Thank you very much._ki.9.k.i8 (4) 如果你能告诉我那些必须经过的程序，我将不胜感激。 I would be much obliged to you if you let me kno

52、w the procedures I have to go through.,第四部分：表示谢意，期盼回复 套语： (1) 很抱歉打扰您，对您的友善帮助不胜感激。 Sorry to bother you, your kind help would be greatly appreciated. (2) 如果您能回复，我将感激不尽。 I will appreciate it very much if you can give me a reply.,范文示例 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 25 minutes to write a comp

53、osition on the topic A Letter of Inquiry of Applying for an English Club. You should write at least 100 words, and base your composition on the outline given below in Chinese: 假设你是王梅，就申请加入英语俱乐部给俱乐部负责人写一封信，内容应涉及自己的基本情况，并咨询相关事宜，如入会方式、条件、会费、活动等。 【审题】：本文是一篇咨询信，但又涉及到申请方面的内容，有一定的难度。写作时，需要介绍一下申请的原因，然后对相关事项

54、进行咨询，最后希望早日收到回音。 【写作思路】第一段：说明写信的目的，并介绍自身情况。 第二段：对相关事宜进行咨询 第三段：希望对方给予解答。,A Letter of Inquiry of Applying for an English Club October 8th,2005 To whom it may concern, I am writing to you to apply for the membership of the (1)开篇点名写信缘由 English Club. As a sophomore from the English Department, (2) 说明自己的身

55、份和 I love English literature very much. I often attend the English 对英语的爱好 Corner held on Friday in the Peoples University of China and would like to discuss various topics in English with others.,I am eager to be one member of the English Club and improve further my English. I know there are some re

56、quirements, but I am not clear about the details. Is it necessary for me to pay for membership? If so, how much should I pay? And how often?I have also heard that the club will host various activities, but can you give me more details. (3)表明加入俱乐部的殷切期望和目的 (4)引出下文，提出问题,I would be very grateful if you

57、can send me a reply as soon as Possible. Looking forward to hearing from you soon. Yours sincerely, Wang Mei (5)结束语，期待对方的回信,3. 建议信 (Letter of suggestion) (1) 建议信写作注意事项 写作目的是提出建议或忠告。不是投诉信，观点要合情合理，注意礼貌当先。 (2) 写作方法 首段： 简介自己，不要罗嗦； 说明目的，注意语气。 主体： 提出具体建议； 首先肯定优点，再写改进内容，否则变成投诉信； 经常进行交流，注意对方感受，时时提到你和我，否则容易跑题写成议论文，因为内容与议论文相似。 尾段：总结建议，注意礼貌，易于接受。,说明写信的目的,介绍详情、说明原因,提出建议,(3) 写作流程图,提出希望采纳建议，并表示谢意，盼望回复,第一部分：说明写信的目的 套语： (1) 来信收到，得知你下个月要对中国进行一次为期十天的访问，我建议 I have received y