SectionB The Standard for Olympic Excellence 大学英语.ppt

1、,The Standard for Olympic Excellence,Section B,Unit 2,The Standard for Olympic Excellence,Like the other skills for your use, the skill introduced in this unit does render you better able in reading.,This practice is designed to help you get a deeper insight into the skill for this unit.,Reading Ski

2、lls,随 笔,阅读实践,Finding Out Word Meanings,Many times we can figure out the meaning of an unfamiliar word from clues provided by context and our common sense as well. The context clues that might be helpful for us to recognize the meaning of a new word include: definition, examples, synonyms, antonyms,

3、word stems and affixes.,1. Some sentences give the definition for a difficult word with the help of punctuation such as commas, dashes or parentheses. 2. Context sometimes gives examples to illustrate a difficult word rather than define it. We can use the examples to figure out the meaning of an unf

4、amiliar word.,Finding Out Word Meanings,随 笔,阅读实践,3. Synonyms (同义词) are words or phrases that are similar in meaning. A synonym is one type of context clue that helps you determine the meanings of unfamiliar words. 4. Antonym (反义词) clues. Antonyms are words or phrases that have opposite meanings to o

5、ther words or phrases. Antonym clues can help you understand new words.,Finding Out Word Meanings,随 笔,阅读实践,5. Sentences before or after a sentence that has a difficult word sometimes explain the meaning of the word. 6. Sometimes we can use our own experiences, or our knowledge about a certain topic,

6、 to find out the meaning of an unfamiliar word. 7. Word part clues. We can often figure out an unfamiliar word because we know the prefix or suffix attached to the root word, or the two words that make up a compound word.,Finding Out Word Meanings,随 笔,阅读实践,Context clue: We can often figure out an un

7、familiar word if we know the prefix or suffix attached to the root word.,Example: Missing the Olympic Team the previous year had made me pause and reflect on what I had gainednot the least of which was a quiet, indissoluble bond with a short man in a tropical shirt. (Para. 18, Passage A).,随 笔,阅读实践,H

8、ow to find out the meaning of the word “indissoluble”?,随 笔,阅读实践,Explanation: We can find out the meaning of the new word indissoluble, because we know that this adjective is formed by adding the suffix “ble” and prefix “in” to the verb “dissolve”.,Context clue: Sentences before or after a sentence c

9、ontaining a difficult word sometimes explain the meaning of the word.,Example: The nations of Eastern Europe . are considered the most polluted of all the worlds industrialized countries. Heavy metals from coal mining have contaminated much of the areas waters. Rivers, land, and forests are so conta

10、minated that many are now biologically dead.,随 笔,阅读实践,Explanation: The sentences before and after the sentence which contains contaminated both help us to find out the meaning of the word, that is, “polluted” or “made dirty”.,随 笔,阅读实践,How to find out the meaning of the word “contaminate”?,Context cl

11、ue: Sentences before or after a sentence containing a difficult word sometimes explain the meaning of the word.,Example: Ghanas population has been growing by 3.2 percent a year. This explosive growth has led to removal of forests in much of the country, and excessive use of existing farmland.,随 笔,阅

12、读实践,Explanation: The first sentence says: Ghanas population has been growing by 3.2 percent a year. This clearly explains that “this explosive growth” in the second sentence means “rapid growth”.,随 笔,阅读实践,How to find out the meaning of the expression “this explosive growth”?,Context clue: Sometimes

13、we can use our own experiences, or our own knowledge about a certain topic to find out the meaning of an unfamiliar word.,Example: Indonesians have traditionally favored large families, and their major religion, Islam, frowns on birth control.,随 笔,阅读实践,Explanation: According to our knowledge about I

14、slam (and what is said in the first part of the sentence), we know that frown on most probably means “does not approve of”.,随 笔,阅读实践,How to find out the meaning of the phrase “frown on”?,Context clue: We can often figure out an unfamiliar word if we know the prefix or suffix attached to the root wor

15、d.,Example: Observers say the program has succeeded in strengthening the countrys agricultural base and bringing a new source of wealth to villagers.,随 笔,阅读实践,Explanation: This noun is formed by adding the suffix -er to the already familiar verb observe, so we can find out the meaning of the word: “

16、someone who observes”.,随 笔,阅读实践,How to find out the meaning of the expression “observer”?,随 笔,阅读技巧,Directions: Figure out the meaning of the underlined words and expressions by using the reading skill. Choose the answer that is the closest in meaning.,1. The Olympics remains the most pure example of

17、 competition for the sake of competition itself. Athletes sacrifice their careers and bodies risking injury, defeat and complete failure to compete for nothing more than honor for their country and themselves. Administrators B. People earning money C. Businessmen D. Sportsmen,随 笔,阅读技巧,2. Lewis won n

18、ine gold medals in four different events and held world records in the 100-meter dash and the long jump. A. a short race B. a distance C. a long call D. a length,随 笔,阅读技巧,3. His years of practice and quiet self-confidence set the stage for a phenomenal Olympic track and field career. A. unusual B. i

19、nteresting C. devoted D. temporary,随 笔,阅读技巧,4. Johnson was stripped of his gold medal and sent packing by the International Olympic Committee when his post-race drug test indicated steroid use. A. before the raceB. during the race C. after the race D. in the race,随 笔,阅读技巧,5. Lewis firmly denied the

20、charges and countered by proving before a judge that the magazine that had published the stories did so without foundation to their claims. A. agreed with B. refused to accept C. condemned D. differed from,随 笔,阅读技巧,New Words,1,Questions Previewing,2,Passage Reading,3,Choice Making,4,Text B,自测,技巧,随 笔

21、,阅读理解,问题预览,课文阅读,New Words,New Words,随 笔,阅读理解,问题预览,课文阅读,New Words,随 笔,阅读理解,问题预览,课文阅读,New Words,随 笔,阅读理解,问题预览,课文阅读,New Words,随 笔,阅读理解,问题预览,课文阅读,New Words,随 笔,阅读理解,问题预览,课文阅读,New Words,随 笔,阅读理解,问题预览,课文阅读,随 笔,阅读理解,生词学习,课文阅读,Questions Previewing,Directions: For you to be better conditioned for reading as

22、fast as 100 words per minute, as required in the new type of examination “Fast Reading”, Text B can serve to be your fast-reading material. But, for this purpose, the best course of action is to know what to scan for in your skimming. Thus, the trick is to keep in your mind the key words of each que

23、stion before you start off. That is where the “Question Previewing” comes in.,Questions Previewing,1. According to the writer, what are the athletes mainly competing for at the Olympics? 2. According to the text, why do some Olympic athletes use drugs? 3. What does the writer think of those athletes

24、 exploiting drugs? 4. Why is it said that we can see the Olympic spirit in Carl Lewis?,随 笔,阅读理解,生词学习,课文阅读,Questions Previewing,5. The sentence “Lewis defied not only the stopwatch but also the march of time” (Para. 2) means that _. 6. Which of the following statements is true concerning young Carl L

25、ewis? 7.What was the style of Carl Lewis in running? 8. What can we learn from the first sentence of Paragraph 5?,随 笔,阅读理解,生词学习,课文阅读,随 笔,阅读理解,问题预览,The Standard for Olympic Excellence,Para. 1a The Olympics remains the most pure example of competition for the sake of competition itself. Athletes sacri

26、fice their careers and bodies risking injury, defeat and complete failure to compete for nothing more than honor for their country and themselves. To achieve such honor, one must both perform at his or her events highest level and act as a role model on the worlds biggest stage.,Chinese,Question 1,生

27、词学习,Para. 1b And so, while it must be admitted that performance-enhancing drugs are exploited to offer advantage to some Olympic athletes, those who do so never receive the only true reward the Olympics has to offer: honor. And, they never experience the glory of winning through the virtues of hard

28、work and determination.,Chinese,Question 2,Question 3,随 笔,阅读理解,问题预览,生词学习,Para. 2a The greatest track and field Olympian of all time, Carl Lewis, exemplified the Olympic spirit. He did so, not simply through his gold medal performancesLewis won nine gold medals in four different events and held world

29、 records in the 100-meter dash and the long jumpbut also through his competitive nature and his ability to win and compete in every Olympics from 1984 to 1996;,Chinese,Question 4,随 笔,阅读理解,问题预览,生词学习,Para. 2b he would have also competed in 1980 if the United States had not refused to take part. With s

30、peed, consistency, integrity and above all desire, Lewis defied not only the stopwatch but also the march of time. He demanded nothing less than the best from himself and achieved the best, not with drugs, but with unmatched discipline and commitment to training.,Chinese,Question 4,Question 5,随 笔,阅读

31、理解,问题预览,生词学习,Para. 3a Surprisingly, young Carl Lewis was encouraged to pursue music lessons rather than track by his parents. But, he would not hear of it, and stuck a strip of tape on the ground to mark the distance for the world record and began to jump toward it with singular determination.,Chine

32、se,随 笔,阅读理解,问题预览,生词学习,Para. 3b His father commented, “Some kids want to be a fireman one day, a movie star the next. Carl set his mind on track and that was it. He said he wanted to be the best, period.” His years of practice and quiet self-confidence set the stage for a phenomenal Olympic track and

33、 field career.,Chinese,Question 6,随 笔,阅读理解,问题预览,生词学习,Para. 4a In 1985, however, a cloud appeared on Carl Lewis horizons: Canadian sprinter Ben Johnson, who began to beat Lewis consistently in the 100-meter dash. Lewis arrived at the 1988 Olympic Games in Seoul confident, but even observers who knew

34、very little about the race expected Johnson would win.,Chinese,随 笔,阅读理解,问题预览,生词学习,Para. 4b The world watched and waited anxiously to find out who was “the fastest man on Earth”. All of the cameras focused on Lewis and Johnson as the runners took their marks in the final heat. The crack of the starte

35、rs pistol sounded and the racers burst from the line. The crowd was used to Lewis trailing for the first half of the racehe just had a different style and then finishing strong with his long stride to win.,Chinese,Question 7,随 笔,阅读理解,问题预览,生词学习,Para. 4c So, they held their breath as they watched John

36、son build an early lead with his explosive start wondering if Lewis strong finish would be enough to overcome him. As the runners approached the finish line, Lewis was gaining fast, but alas, his personal best time of 9.92 seconds was not enough to beat Johnson who ran a world record time of 9.79 se

37、conds. Johnson was called “the fastest human being ever”, and Lewis, it appeared, would be competing for second place in future races.,Chinese,随 笔,阅读理解,问题预览,生词学习,Para. 4d Two days later, however, Johnson was stripped of his gold medal and sent packing by the International Olympic Committee when his

38、post-race drug test indicated steroid use. The gold medal was given to Lewis instead, yet many did not see his conquest as a real victory, and he became swept up in the apparent blanket condemnation of the sport.,Chinese,随 笔,阅读理解,问题预览,生词学习,Para. 4e Worse, a former opponent charged Lewis with steroid

39、 use. Lewis firmly denied the charges and countered by proving before a judge that the magazine that had published the stories did so without foundation to their claims. He also participated in drug test after drug test to prove he was clean. An opponent of steroid use, Lewis was never linked to dru

40、g use by anything but rumor.,Chinese,随 笔,阅读理解,问题预览,生词学习,Para. 5 It would take the formula of Lewis further commitment to the sport and his love for competition to lift some of the suspicion from track events and stop the erosion of support that the Olympics began to suffer after Seoul. With his cont

41、inued hard work and honest participation in sprinting and the long jump, he proved to the world that the Olympic spirit was not dead. And in 1992, Lewis competed in his third Olympics winning two more gold medals in the long jump and 4100 meter relay with a reception from the public that was fit for

42、 a king.,Chinese,Question 8,随 笔,阅读理解,问题预览,生词学习,Para. 6 The amazing Carl Lewis had demonstrated that he was unlike any athlete who had ever lived, not by simply winning, but by winning honestly, loving to compete and working the hardest for the longest time. His love for the games truly set a new sta

43、ndard for Olympic excellence.,Chinese,随 笔,阅读理解,问题预览,生词学习,奥林匹克的卓越标准 Para. 1a 奥林匹克运动会依然是一个为竞争而竞争的最纯粹的例子。运动员们在事业和身体上作出牺牲，他们冒着受伤、受挫和彻底失败的危险，仅仅为了国家和自身的荣誉而竞争。为了获得这样的荣誉，运动员必须发挥在自己的项目上的最佳水平，在世界最大的竞技舞台上发挥模范作用。,Para. 1b 虽然必须承认，有的运动员利用兴奋剂来提升自己的表现，从而取得优势，但他们从未获得过奥运会所能给予的唯一真正的奖赏，那就是荣誉。而且他们也从未体验过通过刻苦训练与决心这些美德而获胜所带来的光荣感。,Para. 2a 迄今为止，卡尔 刘易斯是奥运会田径项目最伟大的选手，也是奥运精神的典范。这不仅是因为他屡屡获得金牌刘易斯在四个项目的比赛中获得过九枚金牌，在 100