hypertension.ppt

1、High Blood Pressure,Zhe Jiang Ping Feng 2010-04-28,(Hypertension),Directory,Introduction about hypertension Risk factors of hypertension Underwriting of hypertension,Part one Introduction about hypertension,Blood Pressure,Top number (systolic) -measures the force of blood on arteries when the heart

2、beats 120/80 Bottom number (diastolic) - measures force of blood on arteries between beats,systolic sistlikadj. 心脏收缩的 diastolic dai stolikadj. 心脏舒张的,Hypertension Definition,Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is defined as a reading of 140/90mmHg on three consecutive measurements at least six hour

3、s apart.,hypertension n. 高血压; 过度紧张 definition definition | definin n. 定义, 清晰度, 精确度 hydrargyrum haidr:dirm n. 汞; 水银 140/90mmHg one hundred and forty over ninety millimeter hydrargyrum consecutive | knsekjtvadj. 连续的, 始终一贯的, 联贯的,Definition and classification of HP,category category | ktgrn. 种类; 范畴; 别 e

4、levation elevation | elvenn. 海拔, 提高; 标高 identifiable identifiable | adentfabladj. 可认明的; 可证明是同一的; 可识别的 cardiovascular adj. 心脏血管的 target target | trgt /t-n. 目标, 指标, 靶子 organ organ | rgn /gnn. 风琴, 机关, 器官 Target-organ 靶器官,Classification of HP,Hypertension Types,primary hypertension 医 原发性高血压 secondary hy

5、pertension 医 继发性高血压 congestive heart-failure 医 充血性心力衰竭 kidney failure 医 肾衰竭 liver failure 医 肝衰竭 endocrine (hormone) system 医 内分泌系统 Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) 医 妊娠期高血压 obese bsadj. 肥胖的, 肥大的,Hypertension Types,Hypertension is classified as either primary (or essential) hypertension or second

6、ary hypertension. Primary hypertension has no specific origin but is strongly associated with lifestyle. Primary hypertension is responsible for 90 to 95 percent of diagnosed hypertension while secondary hypertension for 5 to 10 percent. Secondary hypertension is caused by a preexisting medical cond

7、ition such as congestive heart failure, kidney failure, liver failure, or damage to the endocrine (hormone) system. Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) may appear in otherwise healthy women after the twentieth week of pregnancy. It is more likely to occur in women who are overweight or obese.,Cause

8、s of hypertension,The exact causes of hypertension unknown, several factors and conditions may play a role in its development, including: smoking, being overweight, lack of physical activity, too much salt in the diet, too much alcohol consumption, stress, older age, genetics, family history of high

9、 blood pressure, chronic kidney disease, adrenal and thyroid disorders.,alcohol consumption 医 酒精消耗 chronic kidney disease 医 慢性肾脏疾病 adrenal | drinladj. 肾上腺的 thyroid | ard n. 甲状腺, 甲状腺剂, 甲状软骨,Symptoms of hypertension,Nearly one-third of those who have hypertension dont know it. The only way to know if

10、you have hypertension definitely is to have your blood pressure checked. If your blood pressure is extremely high, there may be certain symptoms to look out for, including: severe headache, fatigue or confusion, vision problems, chest pain, difficulty breathing, irregular heartbeat, blood in the uri

11、ne.,symptom smptmn. 症状, 征兆, 征候 headache n. 头痛; 令人头痛之事 fatigue ftgn. 疲乏, 疲劳 confusion 意识模糊 vision vnn. 视觉, 眼光, 先见之明 urine jrain. 小便, 尿,Population at Risk,Hypertension is very common, especially in elderly patients. It is difficult to determine its exact incidence. In younger patients, hypertension is

12、 more common in men but in elderly populations the ratio is reversed in favour of women. The incidence of hypertension increases progressively with age. Generally, the population will be more at risk of developing hypertension: people with family members who have high blood pressure, people who smok

13、e, African-Americans, women who are pregnant, women who take birth control pills, people over the age of 35, people who are overweight or obese, people who are not active, people who drink alcohol excessively, and people who eat too many fatty foods or foods with too much salt.,incidence nsdnsn. 发生率

14、,Outcomes of hypertension,Hypertension is a serious condition that can damage the heart and blood vessels, and can eventually lead to several other conditions, including: stroke, heart failure, heart attack, kidney failure, and vision problems.,stroke strk 医 中风 heart attack 医心脏病发作,Effects of High Bl

15、ood Pressure,on Your Body Artery Damage,Effects of High Blood Pressure on Your Body, Hardening of the arteries Stroke Heart attack Kidney damage Blindness,Who Gets High Blood Pressure?, African Americans more than whites People who: are older are overweight have high blood pressure in the family,Ear

16、ly Markers forHypertensive Vascular Disease,Vascular -Reduced small artery elasticity -Reduced large artery elasticity -Endothelial dysfunction -Increased pulsewave velocity -Increased carotid intima-medial thickness -Retinal vascular changes -Microalbuminuria,Early Markers forHypertensive Vascular

17、Disease,Cardiac -Increased LV wall thickness -Increased LV volume -Increased LV mass -Abnormal ECG（electrocardiogram ）,Controlling Your Blood Pressure, Lifestyle Changes Healthy eating plan Limit sodium Achieve a healthy weight Exercise/physical activity even without weight loss Dont smoke Limit alc

18、ohol Manage stress,Follow a Healthy Eating Plan, Eat more fruits,vegetables, low-fat dairy foods Include whole grain, fish and nuts Eat less fat, red meat,sweets and sugared beverages,Limit Sodium and Salt, Research shows that eating less sodium and salt lowers blood pressure Lower your sodium intak

19、e by: Eating out less often Buying fresh, frozen or unsalted canned foods Choosing foods with less than 400 mg/serving Buying low- or reduced-sodium, or no saltadded foods Using less salt,Get Enough Potassium, Potassium helps lower blood pressure Helps balance the amount of sodium in your body If yo

20、u dont get enough potassium, you can accumulate too much sodium Foods high in potassium include: Fruits, vegetables, and fish,Lose Weight if Overweight, Bigger people need more blood to supply nutrients to the body Losing even 10 pounds can lower blood pressure,Be Physically Active, Inactivity incre

21、ases your risk of being overweight Heart muscles have to work harder with each contraction, increasing the force on the arteries Walking 30 minutes a day helps lower blood pressure,Stop Smoking, Smoking damages blood vessel walls and causes early hardening of the arteries Nicotine narrows your blood

22、 vessels and forces your heart to work harder,Limit Alcohol, Heavy drinking (3 or more drinks/day) can damage your heart muscle Cutting back to a moderate level of drinking can lower your blood pressure no more than 2 drinks a day for men no more than 1 drink a day for women,Manage Stress, High levels of stress can temporarily cause