Grammar 名词从句.ppt

1、Noun Clauses,简单句、并列句、复合句,简单句：Many students took part in the sports meeting last year.,并列句: The school sports meeting was held last year and many students took part in it.,主从复合句:,He is the teacher who teaches us physics.,Ill help you lose weight if you eat here every day.,Everybody knows that the ear

2、th goes around the sun.,but, or, so,（主从）复合句,主句 + 从句,定语从句,状语从句,名词性从句,宾语从句,表语从句,主语从句,同位语从句,名词的作用：,1.名词:,表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。,2.名词在句子当中一般可以作什么成分?,名词在句中主要作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。,The boy is a student .,主语,表语,Mr. Liang , a 24-year-old boy, teaches us English .,主语,同位语,宾语,比较：,Ill remember the teachers words.,宾语,what the

3、teacher says,宾语从句,My problem is physics,表语,how I can improve my physics.,表语从句,The news was true.,That an earthquake has happened in Japan was true.,It was true that an earthquake has happened in Japan.,主语,主语从句,主语从句,It 为形式主语,请判断出下列的句子属于哪种从句,What I want to do is taking a bath. I dont think he is an ho

4、nest boy. The fact is that he stole the car. Do you know the man who is standing over there? It is said that they won the game.,(主从),(宾从),(表从),(定从),(主从),1. 宾语从句是由that ,if, whether, 和各种疑问句词who, whom, whose, which, what; 及where, when，why，how等充当连接词所引导的从句, 其功能同名词一样。,He told us that they would help us th

5、rough the whole work. The boss paid the workers according to how much they had done for him. Make sure that all the lights are off. Im sorry that I have lost your English book.,宾语从句,动词后,介词后,动词短语后,形容词后,I didnt hear what you said yesterday We believe that she is still alive. what引导名词性从句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语

6、,宾语,表语,而 that则不然,它在句子中只起连接作用，不充当成分。,1. that 与 what 的区别：,1）I dont know that you are the boss. 2）I think that I am clever and that I neednt work hard.,2. that 引导的宾语从句的省略：,可省that,两个宾语从句并列时，第一个that可省，但第二个that不可以省略.,3. whether (if)引导的宾语从句,例如： I wonder if/whether you can change this note for me. whether o

7、r not 结构中不能用 if 替换 We dont know whether he will come or not 引导介词宾语从句时，只能用 whether， 不用if I am interested in whether hell go abroad,4. 否定的转移:若主语谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, 等, 否定词要转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。,I dont think this dress fits you well. I think this dress doesnt fit y

8、ou well.,正确,5.一些含有假设，猜想，建议的意思的动词后面的宾语从句要用“（should）+动词原形” suggest, insist (主张要做), advise. e.g. I suggest that he (should) study harder.,宾语从句的语序 连接词后面为陈述语序。 I dont know what your name is.,What is your name?,“主语+系动词+表语从句”。 可以接表语从句的系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。,引导表语从句的词：that ,whether, who,whom whose, whi

9、ch, what; 及where, when，why，how,另外, as if/as though ,because 也可引导表语从句。,That is why he got angry with me It seemed as if I couldnt think of the right word,表语从句,2.注意：引导表语从句的连接词一般不省略。表语从句语序也用陈述句语序。,问题是它是否值得做。,The question is whether it is worth doing.,3.注意：表语从句表示“是否” 只用 “whether” 而不用“if”,4.主句主语为reason表语

10、从句的连词要用that而不用because.,The reason why he failed was because he hadnt studied hard.,that,1. He told me _ he would go to college the next year. 2. I really dont know _ you should depend on if you dont depend on your parents.,用适当的词填空，使下列宾语从句和表 语从句意思完整。,that / 不填,whom / who,3. It looked _ he had underst

11、ood this question. 4. The reason why I was sad was _ he didnt understand me. 5. His first question was _ Mr. Smith had arrived or not.,as if,that,whether,用作主语的从句叫做,主语从句,That he will come is certain.,It is certain that he will come .,可以省略,that 引导主语从句时，在句中无实际意义，只起连接作用，不作成分，当其置于句首时不能省略。,It doesnt matte

12、r where you are from.,If hell come here isnt clear. Whether hell come here isnt clear. It isnt clear if hell come here.,句首用whether,如果用it作形式主语， 把主句放句末时，也可以用if引导,一个名词对另一个名词进行修饰，限定或说明，这个名词就是同位语。 1.Mr Wang, my childs teacher, will be visiting us on Tuesday . 2.I, the oldest girl in the family, always ha

13、d to care for the other children . 3.I heard the news that our team had won 4.He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.,同位语从句,1.I heard the news that our team had won. 2.He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. 3.Ive come from Mr wang with a message that he wont

14、be able to see you this afternoon 可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，words（消息），possibility等。,The question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor 注：if不能引导同位语从句 .,1.We are glad at the news that he will come. 2.We are gl

15、ad at the news that he told us.,that引导同位语从句时，它不充当句子成分,that引导定语从句时，它作为关系代词，要么充当定语从句的主语，要么充当定语从句的宾语.,同位语从句,定语从句,1.We are glad at the news that he will come. 2.We are glad at the news that he told us.,同位语从句所修饰的名词比较有限，通常有hope, wish, idea, news, fact, promise, opinion, suggestion, truth等,而定语从句所修饰的名词则非常广泛

16、。,1.I have no idea when they will come . 2.Ill never forget the days when I lived there.,when和where 引导定语从句时，通常只修饰表示时间和地点的名词 , why引导定语从句，它通常只修饰名词the reason,引导同位语从句时却不一定,He said the text was very important and we should learn it by heart. 2. My worry is that he can get there on time. 3. The reason why

17、 he failed was because he hadnt studied hard. 4. What we need are time. 5. Here are two books. You can take whatever you want.,is,that,whether,that,whichever,改错。,1.We are glad at the news that he will come. 2.We are glad at the news that he told us.,地位相同 ，可以看成是对所修饰 词的解释说明，删去以后不影响原句的句意。,从句和主句关系密切，删除后

18、影响对句子的理解。,用宾语从句或表语从句翻译下列句子。,1. 老师说月亮绕着地球转。 The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth. 2. 他们都在担心是否能按时到达那里。 They are all worrying about whether they can get there on time.,3. 我觉得他们按时完成自己的任务是很重要的。 I think it is important for them to finish their own task on time. 4. 问题是这本书是否有读的价值。 The questi

19、on is whether the book is worth reading.,5. 我不知道汤姆今天早上为什么没来。 I dont know why Tom didnt come this morning. 6. 我的意见是你不应单独前往。 My opinion is that you should not go alone. 7. 今日的中国不再是过去的中国了。 China today is no longer what she used to be.,8. 那是因为他没有理解我。 Thats because he didnt understand me. 9. 我的建议是我们明天一早就

20、出发。 My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow morning. 10. 谁知道将来会发生什么？ Who knows what will happen in the future?,You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _ I disagree. (04) The road is covered with snow. I cant understand _ they insist on going on motor-bike. (04) The o

21、ther day, my brother drove his car down the street at _ I thought was a dangerous speed. (04),where,why,what,that,4. Along with the letter was his promise _ he would visit me this coming Christmas. (04) 5. The shopkeeper did not want to sell for _ he thought was not enough. (05) 6. I have always bee

22、n honest and straightforward, and it doesnt matter _Im talking to. (04),what,whoever,7. Parents are taught to understand _ important education is to their childrens future. (04) 8. These wild flowers are so special I would do _ I can to save them. (00) 9. I read about it in some book or other; does is matter _ it was? (01),how,whatever,which,10. A modern city has been set up in _ was a wasteland ten years ago. (04) 11. Some researchers believe