5-6章公共政策.ppt

1、第五章 公共政策的组织系统和体制系统Chapter5 The organizations and systems of public policies,第一节 公共政策的组织系统 5.1 the organization systems of public policies,一、公共政策组织观和政策组织的类型,(一）政治学的组织观 （二）、管理学的组织观 （三）、公共政策组织观 （四） 政策组织的类型 科层制公共政策组织 科层制政策组织特点是： 统一命令、二、分科分层、三、直线幕僚,(1) the view points on the organizations in Politics (2)

2、 the view points on the organizations in Management science (3) the view points on the organizations in public policies (4) the types of policy organizations bureaucratic ideal organization of public policies The traits of this type of organizations: (a) having the same orders (b) having clear level

3、s (3) having direct staff,1 、the view points on the organization of public policies and the types of the organizations,图2一12没有幕僚的科层制政策组织,Image 2一12 bureaucratic ideal organizations of public policies without staff,F：表示幕僚机构 图2一13有幕僚的科层制政策组织,图2一13 Bureaucratic ideal organizations of public policies wi

4、th staff,方案式公共政策组织 矩阵式公共政策组织,plan type of public policy organizations matrix type of public policy organizations,2影响政策组织结构的因素 影响公共政策组织结构的因素比较多，总括有以下几类： 一是政策组织设置的规模 二是政策组织运用的技术 三是政策组织中的依存关系 四是政策组织采取的战略 五是政策组织面临的环境,2 the elements affecting the policy organizations and structures the scale of the organ

5、ization The technology the organizations using The relationship within the organizations The strategies the organizations adopting The environment the organizations facing,三、政策组织中的文化因素和规范因素 （一）政策组织的文化因素 政策组织的文化功能 政策组织的文化形成 政策组织的文化维持 （二）政策组织中的规范因素 政策的正式组织 政策的非正式组织,3 the cultural elements and standard

6、 elements in the policy organizations (1) the cultural elements of policy organizations The cultural function of a policy organization The cultural evolution of a policy organization The cultural preservation of a policy organization (2) the standard elements of policy organizations The formal organ

7、izations of policies The informal organizations of policies,图2一6政策组织层级网络,四政策组织中的网络类型政策组织层级网络（level networks),Image 2一6 The level networks of policy organizations,4 the types of networks in policy organizations The level networks of policy organizations,政策组织网状网络（all-channel networks）,图2一7政策组织网状网络,all

8、-channel networks of policy organizations, ring networks of policy organizations,政策组织环状网络（ring networks),图2一8政策组织环状网络,第二节 公共政策的体制系统5.2 the systems of public policies,一、公共政策研究组织体制 1、公共政策研究组织的产生 现代公共政策研究组织类型和体制 1 the researching organization system of public policies (1) the emerging of the researchin

9、g organizations of public policies The types and systems of modern researching organizations of public policies,二、公共政策决策组织体制 1集权制与分权制、2首长制与合议制、3动员制与票议制 2 the policy-making systems of public policies (1) Unitarianism and system of decentralization （2）the system decided by leading cadre and collegiate

10、 system (3) Mobilizing system and the system decided by vote,三、公共政策执行组织体制 1。内阁制又名首相制（也有称总理制的） 2总统制 3委员会制 3 the executing system of public policies (1) cabinet system or premier system (also prime minister system) (2) president system (3) committee system,第三节 现代公共决策方式,一、投票规则 1、全体一致规则（unanimity rule）

11、2、过半数规则（majority rule） 二、投票规则中的悖论 1.投票悖论 2.阿罗悖论 三、过半数规则的变异形式,5.3 the methods of modern policy-making,1 the rules of voting (1) the unanimity rule (2) majority rule 2 the paradoxes in voting rules (1) the voting paradox (2) Arrows Impossibility Theorem 3 the other forms of majority rule,第六章 公共政策问题 Ch

12、apter 6 The Problems of Public Policies 第一节 政策问题概述 6.1 A general introduction of policy problems,一、政策问题的内涵及特点1 the connotation and traits of policy problems,（一）政策问题的内涵 （二）政策问题的特点 政策问题的关联性、政策问题主观性、政策问题的动态性 (1) the connotation of policy problems (2) the traits of policy problems (a)The relevance of po

13、licy problems (b)The subjectivity of policy problems (c) The dynamism of policy problems,二、政策问题的类型2 the types of policy problems,结构优良型、结构适度型、结构不良型 (1) the type with excellent structure (2) the type with moderate structure (3) the type with bad structure,第二节 政策问题的建构6.2 the construction of policy prob

14、lems,一、公共政策问题建构的程序 1 the procedure to construct the problems of public policies,二、公共政策问题的论证 l公共政策问题的调查形式 2。公共政策问题的论证层级 2 the demonstration of the problems of public policies (1) the forms of investigation of public policy problems (2) the levels of demonstrations of policy problems,三、公共政策问题建构的方法 1边界

15、分折 （1）饱和抽样、（2）诱导讨论（3）边界估计 2类别分折 3。层级分析 4类比分析 5假设分析 四、公共政策问题诊断的误差 3 the methods to construct the problems of public policies (1) Frontier analysis (2) Category analysis (3) Level analysis (4) Analogy analysis (5) Hypothesis analysis 4 the error in the diagnosis of policy problems,第三节 政策议程 一、公共政策议程的类型 1、公共议程或公众议程 2、正式议程或政府议程 二、影响政策问题认定的重要因素 三、建立公共政策议程的策