2010年ICZM研讨班中的中国报告.ppt

1、P.R.China Report,Integrated Coastal Zone Management at Walailak University August 23-September 26,2010,Introduction,some facts about China: Located in the east of the Asian continent, on the western shore of the Pacific Ocean, the Peoples Republic of China has a land area of about 9.6 million sq km,

2、 and is the third-largest country in the world, next only to Russia and Canada. Chinas mainland coastline measures approximately 18,000 km, with a flat topography, and many excellent docks and harbors, most of which are ice-free all year round. The Chinese mainland is flanked to the east and south b

3、y the Bohai, Yellow, East China and South China seas, with a total maritime area of 4.73 million sq km. The Bohai Sea is Chinas continental sea, while the Yellow, East China and South China seas are marginal seas of the Pacific Ocean.,Introduction,A total of 5,400 islands dot Chinas territorial wate

4、rs. The largest of these, with an area of about 36,000 sq km, is Taiwan, followed by Hainan with an area of 34,000 sq km. The Diaoyu and Chiwei islands, located to the northeast of Taiwan Island, are Chinas easternmost islands. The many islands, islets, reefs and shoals in the South China Sea, known

5、 collectively as the South China Sea Islands, are Chinas southernmost island group. They are called the Dongsha (East Sandbar), Xisha (West Sandbar), Zhongsha (Middle Sandbar) and Nansha (South Sandbar) island groups according to their geographical locations.,Present situation of coastal resources,T

6、he Chinese coast stretches across three climate zones: the temperate, sub-tropical and tropical zones. It therefore holds a huge variety of species in a number of different ecosystems. These range in the coastal zone from tidal flatlands to river-delta ecosystems, include marine natural systems, and

7、 even encompass mangroves and coral reefs. Morphologically, the coast varies from bedrock to sandy beaches; some parts are subject to significant erosion.,General ICZM practices in PRC,a) Legislation In China, a ICZM plan is supported by any law or regulation regarding the coastal zone, as following

8、s: the Law of the PRC on the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone (1992) the Law of the Exclusive Economic Zone and Continental Shelf of the PRC (1998) the Law of the PRC on the Use and Management of Sea Areas (2001),General ICZM practices in PRC,There are amended versions of laws that deal with

9、the coastal zone or coastal related sectors, as followings: the Fisheries Law from 1986 (amended 2002) the Marine Environmental Protection Law from 1982 (amended 1999),General ICZM practices in PRC,b) Public participation In China, public participation concentrates on awareness raising and education

10、al activities. These are clearly basic objectives also included in general definition. Furthermore it is a challenging aspect to raise awareness in a population that for decades was made to believe that environmental problems were a feature of the Western world. But educational programmes already en

11、compass all school levels and higher learning institutions as well as holiday activities for children and of course special training courses for administrators active in the field.,General ICZM practices in PRC,c) ICZM agency The Chinese coastline consists of eleven administrative units - eight prov

12、inces, one autonomous region and two municipalities (compare figure 1). These units are from north to south: Liaoning, Hebei, Tianjin Municipality, Shandong, Jiangsu, Shanghai Municipality, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Hainan. These form the local level on which

13、the ICZM agency must be represented apart from the national level.,General ICZM practices in PRC,In China, the SOA(State Oceanic Administration) is responsible for ICZM. Since its establishment over 40 years ago, it has been subject to major changes in terms of the reshuffling of responsibilities, t

14、he definition of major tasks, and sub-ordination to higher-level organs. The SOA is subordinated to the Ministry of Land and Resources (MLR) as a managed unit and consists of six departments, of which the Department of Marine Environmental Protection, the Department of International Cooperation, the

15、 Department of Sea Area Management and the Department of Science and Technology are most important.,General ICZM practices in PRC,Furthermore the SOA supervises at least 23 sub-units, ranging from various research and development institutes (e.g. for oceanography or desalination), monitoring and for

16、ecast centres to affiliated media organizations as well as training and other service institutions (e.g. the marine data and information centre) . Among these are also three SOA branches responsible for different sea areas, i.e. the Northern Sea, the East China Sea and the South China Sea. They rese

17、mble regional branches.,General ICZM practices in PRC,At the local level - in the coastal provinces, some Special Economic Zones and selected Open Coastal Cities - 15 offices or administrations exist. These local offices are either an Oceanic Administration, or a Department of Marine Affairs and Fis

18、heries or a compatible bureau within each provincial level unit. In the cities of Dalian, Qingdao, Ningbo and Xiamen there are additional offices. The latter is the only agency holding the term of management in its name (Xiamen Municipal Marine Management Office). This obviously comes from the fact,

19、 that Xiamen was the first demonstration site established for the purpose of ICZM.,Figure 1: Administrative map of Chinas coast with Open Coastal Cities and economic regions,Beihai: Open coastal cities / : Economic regions,Current ICZM project,ICZM Natioanl Plan Project Objectives In order to formul

20、ating and approving a state policy on coast zone and sea, implementing the 6 year plan on SDS-SEA project, the objective of this project lies in reaching an agreement among governmental organizations, governments on multipal levels and relevant departments, and trying for investment from them. For s

21、upporting this state policy and proposal, this project will concern on the following objectives:,Current ICZM project,a) With the purpose of implementing SDS-SEA,inter-department coordinating system including a secretariat who will implement and coordinate this system should be established. b) Set u

22、p the awareness of the social and economic contribution to Chinese GDP from the sea. c) Formulate and launch the capablity construction and technology support plan for the local government to implement ICZM. d) Formulate the monitoring and evaluating proposal for the evaluation and report of the pro

23、gress and effect of SDS-SEA in China.,Current ICZM project,Main Content 1. Institutional arrangements and project management 2. Social and economic contribution of coast zone and offshore region/department 3. Policy, legal framework and institutional arrangements of SDS-SEA/ICZM 4. Spreading proposa

24、l for the State SDS-SEA/ICZM,Current ICZM project,Expected Outcomes 1. Institutional arrangements and project management 2. Social and economic contribution of coast zone and offshore region/department 3. Policy, legal framework and institutional arrangements of the State SDS-SEA/ICZM 4: Spreading p

25、roposal for the State SDS-SEA/ICZM,Methodologies and measures,Operation of the Xiamen International Training Center for Sustainable Coastal Development as a PEMSEA Regional ICZM Training Center Study on the socio-economic benefits and costs of the ICZM program in Xiamen Development of a project fram

26、ework for Jiulongjiang estuary ISO 14001 application and certification,Positive outcomes of the project,Major Achievements of the ICZM project in Xiamen 1.Capacity building activities undertaken to strengthen coastal planning and management capability of the Xiamen Municipal Government and other institutions involved in the ICZM program. 2.Environmental Profile and Strategic Environmental Management Plan prepared as blueprints for succeeding actions. 3.Interagency multi-sectoral coordinating m