初中英语词性和句子成分.ppt

1、,英语词性 &句子的成分,词性,根据词的特点我们把词划分为名词、代词、动词、形容词、副词、介词、连词、冠词等。,名词 表示人和事物的名称。,问题 matter 胃痛 stomach 体温 temperature 牙痛 toothache 鼻出血 nosebleed 风险 risk 状况 situation 决定 decision 重要性 importance 控制 control,感觉 feeling 满足 satisfaction 高兴 joy 不同 difference 困难 difficulty 杂乱 mess 公正 fairness 独立 independence 舒适 comfort

2、 浪费 waste,动词 表示人或事物的动作、行为、发展、变化 。,Lie ,hurt,bandage,breathe,press,borrow,lend,hate,waste,depend,develop drop,躺着、伤害、包扎、呼吸、压，借进，借出，仇恨、浪费、依靠、发展、掉下,介词 介: 在两者当中, 例如，介于两山之间 。,at in on near next to before behind in front of (go) to school,形容词 表示事物的形状、性质、颜色、 状态等。,Sore,strong,broken,disabled,different,blind

3、Deaf,excited,exciting,surprised,surprising,ill,fair,unfair,clean,tidy,tired,comfortable, uncomfortable,代词能代替实词和短语。 我 你 他 我们 你们 他们 咱们 别人 谁 那儿 那里 那会儿 这样 那样,I you he/ she it we you they,me you him/ her it us you them,my your his/ her its our your their,Mine yours his/ hers its ours yours theirs,who wha

4、t which whose that this those these,副词 总是用在动词后面、形容词前面做状语。,very/ pretty (good) really (cold ) (run) fast (speak) loudly (work) hard,He replied angrily. It is pretty clean and tidy. Could you please read it loudly?,组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。英语句子成分有主语，谓语，表语，宾语，定语，状语等。 简单句和复杂句。简单句是由一个句子组成。复杂句，由两个或两个以上的句子组成。,句子的成分,

5、表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般由名词，代词或相当于名词的词和短语等充当。,主语,I have a cold. Doing chores is a waste of time. A girl with two big eyes is my sister. The student who is used to being late in class is Fanghailin.,1.名词作主语： Our school is not far from my house. 2.代词作主语： We like our school very much. 3.数词作主语： Two plus two is

6、four.,4.动名词(短语）作主语： Doing chores is necessary for children. 5.动词不定式作主语： To do such a job needs a better knowledge. 6.从句作主语： What you said is absolutely wrong.,I am tired. It is pretty clean and tidy.,I have a stomachache,谓语说明主语的动作（做什么），状态或特征（是什么或怎么样）。,谓语,You should lie down and rest.,I hurt myself w

7、hen I played basketball yesterday.,宾语表示动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语等充当，和及物动词一起说明主语“做什么”。,You should drink some hot tea with honey. Ill help to clean up the city parks. Could you please clean your room.,宾语,宾语,1.名词作宾语 She is playing the piano now. 2.代词作宾语 We all like him. 3.数词作宾语 Give me five.,宾语,4.不定式作

8、宾语 We all like to go to school. 5.宾语从句作宾语 I think he is right. 6.直接宾语和间接宾语 My parents bought me a computer.(me 为间接宾语，computer 为直接宾语）,表语用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的，表语常由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当，和连系动词一起构成谓语。,My mother is an English teacher. I am surprised when I hear the news. The news is surprising.,Ted ha

9、s a cute cat.,Ted is a cute boy.,Ted =,Ted = ?,宾语表示动作、行为的对象。,表语用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态。,表语,1.名词作表语 China is a big country. 2.代词作表语 What is the matter? 3.形容词作表语 It is red. 4.数词作表语 Five and four is nine.,表语,6.副词作表语 The sun is up. 7.不定式作表语 Her wish is to become a teacher. 8.表语从句作表语 This is what he said.,

10、定语用来修饰名词或代词 。作定语的除形容词外，还有代词、数词、名词、介词短语或相当于形容词的词和短语。,Ted has a cute cat.（形容词作定语） Whats your name?（代词作定语） She likes action movies.（名词作定语） Peel three bananas.（数词作定语） Thats of great importance(=important).,定语,The boy there needs a pen.(副词作定语） The boy in blue is Tom.(介词短语作定语） The boy to write this letter

11、 needs a pen(不定式作定语） The smiling boy needs a pen.(分词或分词短语作定语） There are five boys who will play the game.(从句作定语）,状语用来修饰动词，形容词，副词以及全句，一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义，通常由副词、介词短语或相当于副词的词或短语等来充当。,People are all working hard. Beijing is not very cold in winter. He helped her without thinking twice.介词短语做状语,状语,

12、句子的常用的结构：（简单句 和复合从句）,主 谓 宾 I have a toothache. Ill help to clean up the city parks. Could you please clean your room?,主 系 表 Its pretty clean and tidy.,主谓结构 He run quickly. They listened carefully. My ink has run out.,简单句,句子的常用的结构：（简单句 和复合从句）,复合从句（下节课再讲）,英语词汇记忆策略,一、利用图片或大脑表象生成直观记忆,二：单词形象化记忆,三、利用英语语境记

13、忆词汇,四、单词词性记忆方法：（联想记忆法）,important importance different difference fair fairness unfair unfairness ill illness happy happiness probable probability able ability similar similarity joy joyful danger dangerous vigor vigorous,五、英语同义词、反义词、形似词,反义词： cheap dear,expensive easy difficult clever stupid handsome

14、 ugly,五、英语同义词、反义词、形似词,同义词： Repair fix up Take after be similar to Pretty good-looking,五、英语同义词、反义词、形似词,形似词； blood 血 bleed 流血 rise 升起 raise 募捐,六、构词法,复合词：after-school good-looking girlfriend boyfriend backache headache stomachache toothache,六、构词法,加前缀：fair-unfair, able-unable,comfort-uncomfort,六、构词法,加后缀

15、： ill-illness happy-happiness joy-joyful beauty-beautiful comfort-comfortable, different-difference important-importance,七、词义范畴（联想记忆法）,fruit (apple,pear,banana,watermelon.) Sport (basketball, football,swimming),八、对比+形象记忆法,Look at 看着 look ahead 向前看、着眼未来 Look over 仔细查看 look around 四处看看 Look after 照顾 l

16、ook into调查 Look like 看起来像 look on 旁观 Look for 寻找 look out 小心 Look down 轻视、看不起 look through 浏览 Look up 抬头看 look back 回头看、回顾,九、通过读音记忆单词,Congradulation kn,grtulen dictionary dkneri ,十、编歌诀： In 段 On 天 At 时间点 On April, 26,2016 In April,2016,生活中见到的英文标志：,floor,parking,Do it yourself,Water closet,Player kill

17、ing,Very important person,Chief executive officer,用英语思维,找到适合自己的学习方法！,游戏环节,拼写比赛：,规则：1、规定时间5分钟。 2、规定项目（名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词）（抽签决定）。 3、小组接力（在举手许可后接续上一位同学继续比赛。 4、时间结束后，单词个数多的组获胜 5、奖励，获胜组获得一次决定权，决定失利组的惩罚方式（如：失利组集体表演个小节目，失利组集体做俯卧撑2次，或某组员代表出演个小节目）,猜词游戏：,规则： 1、一名组员表演（通过动作、英文释义，表情、英语描述等）所有组员猜英语单词 2、时间：5分钟，猜多者胜 3、奖励，获胜组获得一次决定权，决定失利组的惩罚方式（如：失利组集体表演个小节目，失利组集体做俯卧撑2次，或某组员代表出演个小节目）,a cold have I,Class test,you Could room clean your please ?,主语