马克吐温的介绍.ppt

1、Unit 4 Professions For Women女性的职业,Interpreting some famous sayings,Frailty, thy ai 你的 name is woman. The hands that rock the cradle rock the world Behind every successful man, there is a woman,Group Discussion:,Apart from the physical differences between men and women, are there any features of men

2、and women that are patterned by culture? Give some example?,Men - have an aggressive nature -seldom express feelings -are strong and full of vigor -are independent -are daring -are not excited by trivial matters -are more likely to “explode like a volcano” -make decision easily -are more dominating,

3、Women -are neat and clean -like to talk -are shy and obedient -have an extremely strong need for security -pay a great deal of attention to their appearance -are loyal -easily express gentle feelings -are well-mannered -understand other peoples feeling better -are more sensitive, romantic and sentim

4、ental,Information about the author:,Virginia Woolf was born in London on January 25,1882 to Leslie Stephen, statesman and man of letters. Virginia was educated at home in her fathers library. She was keenly aware that if she had been a boy she would have gone on to Cambridge or Oxford. Later with th

5、is sense of injustice, she wrote two feminist works, A Room of Ones Own(1929) and Three Guineas (1938),Virginia suffered from several breakdown.She remained in frail health all her life.During the second world war, her final breakdown made her fill her pockets with stones and drown herself in the Ri

6、ver.,Virginia and her sister Vanessa hosted gatherings of artists and writers in 1920s. The gradual gathering of the “Bloomsbury Group”布鲁斯伯里学派 was comprised of such people as E.M. Foster（A Room with a View看得见风景的小屋) and John Maynard Keynes,Her works: The Voyage Out(1915) Night and Day(1919) Jocobs Ro

7、om(1922) Mrs. Dalloway(1925) To the Lighthouse(1927) Orlando(1928) A Room of One own(1931) The Years(1937) Three Guineas.,出游 夜与日 雅各布的房间 达洛维夫人2002 走向灯塔 奥兰多 自己的房间 年岁 三个基尼.,In 1951, Laura Brown, a pregnant housewife, is planning a party for her husband, but she cant stop reading the novel Mrs. Dalloway

8、. Clarissa Vaughn, a modern woman living in present times is throwing a party for her friend Richard, a famous author dying of AIDS. These two stories are simultaneously linked to the work and life of Virginia Woolf, whos writing the novel mentioned before.,1923年的伦敦郊外，女作家弗吉妮娅伍尔芙（妮可基德曼饰），正在创作小说黛洛维夫人

9、，心智狂乱的她此时已萌生了自杀的念头。 1949年的洛杉矶，有孕在身的家庭主妇拉布朗（朱丽安摩尔饰）发现自己已经深深陷入弗吉妮娅伍尔芙的小说黛洛维夫人当中，她决心像故事里的女主角一样改变自己的生活。 1990年的纽约，克拉丽莎沃恩（梅丽尔斯特里普饰），是一位现代版的一个“黛洛维夫人”，她正在为自己以前的情人理查德准备一个晚会。理查德现在因为艾滋病而处于垂死状态。两个女人的生活与维吉尼亚伍尔夫的生活以一种出人意料并令人心碎的方式，在替理查德举办宴会期间融为一体。,Virginia Woolf,She is generally regarded as one of the greatest wri

10、ters of modernism as well as one of the pioneers of womens liberation from patriarchy（父权制社会）(matriarchy) In her novels，emphasis is not on plot or action but on the psychological realm relm 领域 of her characters and the moment-by-moment experience of living， which are depicted by the techniques of int

11、erior monologue and stream of consciousness意识流。,Stream of consciousness意识流,意识流是心理学家们使用的一个短语。它是由美国心理学家威廉詹姆斯创造的，指人的意识活动持续流动的性质。詹姆斯认为，人类的思维活动并不是由一个一个分离的、孤立的部分组成，而是一条连续不断的、包含各种复杂的感觉和思想流。 小说中的意识流，是指小说叙事过程对于人物持续流动的意识过程的模仿。具体说来，也就是以人物的意识活动为结构中心，围绕人物表面看来似乎是随机产生，且逻辑松散的意识中心，将人物的观察、回忆、联想的全部场景与人物的感觉、思想、情绪、愿望等，交

12、织叠合在一起加以展示，以原样准确地描摹人物的意识流动过程。西方现代小说史上，如詹姆斯乔伊斯、弗吉尼亚伍尔芙、福克纳等，都以成功地运用意识流而闻名于世。,Virginia： Kew Garden,克佑花园,What profession is more suitable for women?,nurse doctor manager secretary,What profession is suitable for women according to the author?,Divide the class into 7 groups and try to get the main idea

13、of each paragraph,Pay attention to the key words in each paragraph.,Organization of the text,Para 1,Para 2,fewer experiences in the profession of literature,The authors own professional experiences,second task:,Para 3,Para 4,Para 5,para 6,paras 7,What is a woman,Killing the Angel in the House: get r

14、id of the conventional role of women,Summary of the authors two experiences: the second obstacle more difficult,Conclusion by raising Qs: new role,new relationship,Second experience: as unconscious as possible,The style of the language,Use rhetorical devices First person Formal but not difficult to

15、understand,Understanding the Text,Paragraph 1: the purpose of this writing,What is the authors profession?,The authors profession is literature,translate,And in that profession there are fewer experiences for women than in any other,with the exception of the stage-fewer, I mean, that are peculiar to

16、 women.,妇女从事这个职业所获得的经验比从事其他职业还要少，戏剧例外-我的意思是，它对妇女来说是个特殊的职业，妇女从事这个职业获得的经验比从事文学获得的还要少,Paragraph one,In the profession of literature, the author finds that there are fewer experiences peculiar to women than in other professions because many women writers before her have made the road smooth.,The implied

17、 meaning is that other professions, such as science, medicine, law, are newer to women, and therefore the road is harder for them, with more experiences peculiar to them. The profession of drama is an exception. Like literature, drama also involves more women and other professions.,regulate rejuleit

18、 to adjust (the amount of heat, sound, etc, of something) as required; control,1 (以规则等)管理,规定;限制,管理;整顿;管制 air pollution 管制空气污染 the the traffic 交通应予严加整顿2 a. 调准,调节,校准 a clock 调准钟表b. 调整,增减 the temperature of a room 调整调节室内温度 Regulate my steps 调整我的脚步,Writing is a reputable and harmless occupation声誉好没有害处,W

19、hats your opinion about this topic？,No demand was made upon the family purse,There was no need for a writer to spend much of the family money in order to write家庭财力,Rhetorical device: metonymy: related Purse-money, financial conditions Stage-(profession of) drama The crown-the king, the queen He is f

20、ond of the bottle. The pen is mightier than the sword.,paraphrase,Pianos and models， Paris， Vienna and Berlin， masters and mistresses， are not needed by a writer,If you want to be a musician or a painter， you must own a piano or hire models， and you have to visit Paris， Vienna and Berlin， and you al

21、so have to be taught by masters and mistresses. However, if you want to be a writer, you dont need all of these.,Paragraph 2 : The authors own professional experiences,Detailed description of posting a letter: to slip a few of those pages into an envelope, fix a penny stamp in the corner, and drop t

22、he envelope into the red box at the corner. Shilling: a former monetary unit of the United Kingdom, equal to 1/20 of a pound or 12 pence.,Does the author deserve the calling of “a professional woman” according to the author,No. How little I deserved to be called a professional woman. little knowing

23、the struggles and difficulties of such lives Indicating that the lives of professional women were usually filled with struggles and difficulties. Whey they make some money, they will spend it on basic daily necessities. -not spend money on bread and butter,rent, shoes and stocking, or butchers bills

24、 (daily necessities) -spend money buying pets,butchers bills-meat (metonymy) bread and butter-food hands-people (synecdoche),A Persian cat: a stocky domestic cat having long silky fur,Para 3:Killing the Angel in the House: get rid of the conventional role of women (1st experience),In this paragraph

25、the speaker focuses on the first obstacle to becoming a professional woman writer. She uses a figure of speech Killing the angel in the house in describing her determination to get rid of the conventional role of women in her writing.,Paragraph 3: rhetorical question,To battle with a certain phantom

26、 phantom fntm n. 幻影,幽灵It is the sort of night when phantom may walk. 这种夜晚正是幽灵出没的时候 幻影幻像的,空想的,幻想的;鬼怪的,似鬼的a limb 幻想肢(在切除手足後仍似有手足之感觉;虽手足已不存在,往往会感到手足疼痛)a ship 鬼船,Who is the phantom?,A woman Heroine of a famous poem The Angel in the House,Phantom: literally- appear to the sight in the form of an angle Me

27、taphorically-a mental representation of a stereotyped woman,Translate: It is she who used to come between me and my paper when I was writing reviews,就是她,在我写评论时,总是在我和我的写作之间制造麻烦.,Killing the angel in the house,Find out the words to describe the angle in the house ?,Intensely sympathetic 极强的同情心 , immen

28、sely charming非常有魅力 , utterly unselfish一点也不自私 Excel in the housework Sacrifice herself Pure Beauty: blushes, great grace,Intensely sympathetic -strong emotion, firm, serious Immensely charming -limitless, vast and huge Utterly unselfish -totally, completely, unconditionally,She excel in the difficult

29、 arts of family life. -two more qualities of a Victorian ideal woman. All these reveal womens subordinate role and position in the family and society. If there was a chicken, she took the leg. -prove the utter unselfishness and the spirit of sacrifice of the Angel in the house.,Cultural differences,

30、If there was a chicken, she took the leg; If there was a draught she sat in it-in short she was so constituted that she never had a mind or a wish of her own, but preferred to sympathize always with the minds and wishes of others.,如果吃鸡，她只吃鸡腿；如果有气流吹过来，她就坐在气流里-简言之，她已经完全被塑造成一个没有自己思想和愿望的人，她总喜欢去赞同别人的想法和愿

31、望,She was so constituted that she never had a mind or wish of her own. Paraphrase1:She was made up or formed in such a way that she never had an opinion or wish of her own. the traditional values that were so deeply rooted in her mind deprived her of a mind of her own.,sympathetic simpetik,【sympathy

32、 的形容词】1 a. 同情的,体谅的,关怀的ones looks words 同情的表情言语a listener 同情的倾听b. 对同情的to, towardHe was very to toward me when I was ill 我生病时他很同情我2 对同感的,共鸣的,赞成的,同意的to, towardHe was to toward their demands 他同意他们的要求,In the last days-the last days of Queen Victoria-every house had its Angel. Paraphrase:in the last days

33、of Queen Victoria, every house had a woman who was sympathetic, charming, unselfish and above all pure. The belief that every woman should be in that way was prevalent in English Society.,To be sympathetic -understand the mind of men and not to disagree with him To be tender -must not be too harsh i

34、n her criticism To flatter -praise the book in an insincere way To deceive -could not write what she really thought/ have to tell lies instead of telling the truth,Art 称赞( to a persons CREDIT)do to a person=do a person 成为某人的光荣功绩,增加某人的光彩( take(the)CREDIT for)You should get more for your contributions

35、 to the project 你对该计画的贡献应获得更多的荣誉The goes to him 那是他的功劳,Had up： to be taken to court，to take sb. To court,Last year he was had up for drunken driving.,Catch somebody by the throat,Slap somebody on the face Led sb. by the nose Hit sb. on the head,She would have plucked the heart out of my writing (to

36、remove by picking or pulling out or away),Those conventional attitudes would have taken away the most important part of her writing, that is , the essence of her writing, which is , as explained in the next sentence, having a mind of your own, expressing what you think to be the truth about human re

37、lations, morality, and sex. According to the Victorian attitudes, women are not supposed to discuss and explore these questions freely and openly. They must use their feminine charm to gain recognition from men; they must make concessions in their arguments; they must tell lies in order to succeed i

38、n the profession of writing.,Had I not killed her she would have killed me,Inversion, subjunctive mood The phantom and the angel are used metaphorically, applied to a stereotyped Victorian woman, or rather, the traditional role of a Victorian woman and the traditional values about such a stereotype.

39、 So by killing the angel, the author means getting rid of these Victorian attitudes completely. If she had not done so, these conventional ideas would have destroyed her. It is a life-and death struggle.,She died hard/Her fictitious nature/always creeping back,One had to fight against the Victorian

40、traditions bravely and resolutely in order to get rid of them. The phantom or the Angel in the House is not a real person. It does not have a physical form. In fact it is a mental image and has an imaginary nature. It is far more difficult to deal with a phantom than a reality. It is hard to overcom

41、e those prejudices once and for all. When you think that you have done away with them, you will find they are back again. So the struggle takes a long time,Kill the angel in the house,All women writers had to make continuous efforts to fight against the strong influence of the Victorian attitudes ab

42、out the traditional role of women.,Discussion:How would you compare “the Angel in the House” with the Chinese phrase “贤妻良母”(a good wife and loving mother?Are they the same? Is there any difference between the two?,What is the main idea of Paragraph 4?,After the Angel was dead, the question which rem

43、ains to be answered is “What is a woman?” It is a transitional link between the authors first and second experiences.,para 4: What is a woman,What is the identity and the role of a woman in the society?,I do believe that anybody can know until she has expressed herself in all the arts and profession

44、s open to human skill.,我相信只有妇女在人类知识所涉及的全部文学艺术和专业领域中用创造形式表达自己的情感后，她们才能知道什么是妇女,I do not believe that anybody know until she has expressed herself in all the arts and professions open to human skill. I believe that to know what is a woman, we have to participate in all the arts and professions open to

45、human knowledge and understanding and to give expressions to our feelings in creative forms. to flatter(conciliate), to deceive(tell lies),what is a woman,who knows?,I do not know. I do not believe that you know. Traditionally: sympathetic, charming, unselfish, pure When traditional values are criti

46、cized, it takes time for new values: Human skill: knowledge, understanding, judgment. to be shaped and accepted. This is a long process.,Para 5 professional secrets: as unconscious as possible,I hope I am not giving away (to revel, expose, or betray泄露) professional secrets if I say that a novelists

47、chief desire is to be as unconscious as possible. He has to induce in himself a state of perpetual lethargy,Induce: cause to arise,及物动词 vt. 1.引诱, 劝导 We induced him to come with us. 我们劝他与我们同行。 2.正引起, 导致 The medicine will induce sleep. 这种药使人入睡。 Her illness was induced by overwork. 她的病是操劳过度引起的,Perpetua

48、l: everlasting终身的; 永远的(只用于名词前),He is on a perpetual search for truth.他毕生在寻求真理。 Schools tend to perpetuate the myth that boys are better at sport than girls. 学校往往会助长男孩比女孩体育强这一错误观念的延续。,Lethargy: ledi:,名词 n. 1. a state of comatose torpor (as found in sleeping sickness)昏睡 After the meal, I could feel le

49、thargy overtaking me. 饭后我昏昏欲睡。 2. weakness characterized by a lack of vitality or energy没精打采,懒洋洋He felt that he had to drag himself out of his lethargy and begin to write. 他觉得自己必须打起精神，开始写作。 She was suddenly overcome by lethargy. 她突然委靡不振。,What is the main idea of Para 5?,Second experience Remain “as

50、unconscious as possible”处于无意识状态 so that nothing might disturb or disquiet the imagination. But she was faced with the conflict between her own approach to art and the conventional approach expected of her by male critics. She believed that sex-consciousness was a great hindrance to womens writing. T

51、o illustrate this point, she employs a second figure of speech,” the image of a fisherman lying sunk in dreams on the verge of a deep lake.,Freud postulated the existence of three internal forces that govern a persons psychic life: (1) the id （本我） ，the instinctual force of life-unconscious, uncontro

52、llable, and isolated; (2) the ego （自我）, the external force that has contact with the real world; (3) the super-ego （超我）, the governing force, or moral conscience, that seeks to control and direct the ego into socially acceptable patterns of behavior.,In the Freudian sense, Woolf is asking that the e

53、go manage the external factors of her like- the routine, the predictable social events, etc. -so that the id would be unrestrained. In other words, she seeks tranquility in her surroundings in order not to distract her imagination from the creative task.,So that nothing may break the illusion in whi

54、ch he is living-so that nothing may disturb or disquiet the mysterious nosings about, feelings round, darts,dashes and sudden discoveries of that very shy and illusive spirit , the imagination,这样任何事物都不会打破他生活的幻想，也不会搅乱他的四处探求以及对那令人难以捉摸的东西想象力的突然发现，,dart,名词 n. C1. 标枪;镖,箭 2. 投标游戏 3. 猛冲,飞奔The prisoner made

55、 a dart for the door. 囚犯向门口冲去。 及物动词 vt. 1. 投掷(标枪等);投射She darted an angry look at her sister. 她生气地向她妹妹瞥了一眼。 不及物动词 vi. 1. 猛冲,狂奔The deer darted away at the sight of a lion. 鹿一见狮子就飞奔而逃。,nose nouz,a. 鼻子the bridge of the 鼻梁a long 高长鼻子a short flat 塌鼻子2 ones (象徵好奇心,管闲事的)鼻子;干涉put poke, thrust ones into /out

56、of .干涉插嘴/不干涉不插嘴.3 嗅觉a dog with a good poor 嗅觉灵敏不灵的狗 嗅出事物的嗅觉能力,直觉,知觉力forHe has a good for a secret 他有探知秘密的敏锐直觉,Do you know the meaning?,Win by a nose Cannot see beyond the end of ones nose Count noses cut off ones nose to spite ones face lead a person by the nose,by a nose赛马以一鼻之差(定输赢) 以极微之差,勉强地win by

57、 a 以一鼻之差获胜cannot see beyond the end of ones nose看不到不知道离鼻子更远的东西,鼠目寸光(缺乏想像力,洞察力)count noses清点(出席,赞成者等的)人数 cut off ones nose to spite ones face“跟自己的面孔赌气,把鼻子割下来”,跟自己过不去;赌气而做出对自己不利的事,lead a person by the nose牵著某人的鼻子走,随意控制【像牛或骆驼鼻子有穿环不得不被人牵著走一般,意志强的人按照自己的意思来役使一些没有主见的人. 莎士比亚(Shakespeare)名剧奥赛罗(Othello)中依阿高(I

58、ago)谈到他的主人奥赛罗时有下面的一句 The Moor. will as tenderly be led by the nose as asses are.(这个摩尔人(指奥赛罗).将温驯得像只驴子,可以牵著他的鼻子走)】,nose, 闻到.,嗅出,探出,搜出 The cat d out a mouse 那只猫嗅出老鼠气味He s a profit in everything 他从每件事中找出有利于自己的事a. 嗅at at a bone 嗅骨头b. 到处探查,四处打听Hes always nosing about around 他总是到处探听他人的事,trance tr:ns,sleep

59、like condition of the mind in which one does not notice the things around one 恍惚;昏睡状态 in a 陷於忘我的境界fall into come out of a 陷入昏睡状态自昏睡中醒来,Para 5 professional secrets: as unconscious as possible,A fisherman lying sunk in dreams on the verge of a deep lake with a rod held out over the water.,一个深深的湖边有一位钓鱼者，他手握鱼杆，沉浸在梦境中,Vergean edge or rim; margin边缘,on the verge of bankruptcy 濒于破产 I was on the verge of accepting. 我差点儿接受。 She is on the verge of 90. 她马上90岁。 on