行政学史第二章古德诺的政治行政二分法.ppt

1、第二章 古德诺的行政思想,学习目的 通过本章的学习，了解古德诺的行政思想，包括政治行政两分法理论、行政集权理论、政党理论，并理解他的行政思想在行政学发展过程中的重要性。,一、古德诺简介,生平： 著作：行政学方面：比较行政法（1893年）、政治与行政（1900年）、美国行政法原理（1905年） 市政学：市自治：行政研究（1895年）、市政问题（1897年）、美国的市政府（1904年）、市政府（1909年）,有关中国的著述主要有解析中国（1926）以及中华民国宪法之评议（1913年）、共和与君主论（1915年）等论文,二、古德诺主要行政思想,政治行政两分论 行政集权理论 政党政治,（一）政治行政二

2、分论,1.所有政府都具政治与行政两种功能 2.政府机构之间的分工不可能做到绝对的划分 3政治与行政必须以某种方式取得协调,政府具有政治与行政两种功能,There are two distinct functions of government.Politics has to do with policies or expressions of the state will.Administration has to do with the execution of these policies.,立法与行政不可能绝对划分,American legisture discharges very f

3、requently the function of administration through its power of passing special acts.The American executive has an important influence on the discharge of the function of politics through the execution of its veto power.,政治与行政要协调,Actual political necessity however requires that there shall be harmony

4、between the expression and execution of the state will.Lack of harmony between the law and its execution results in politics paralysis.,协调方式一：政治对行政的控制,政治应该与行政协调,The independence either of the body which express the state will or of the body which executes it must be sacrificed. Either the executing

5、authority must be subordinated to the expressing authority, or the expressing authority must be subjected to the control of the executing authority.,意志的执行应服从于意志的表达,It is the executing authority which shall be subordinated to the expressing authority ,since the latter in the nature of things can be m

6、ade much more representative of the public of the people than can the executing authority.,（二）行政集权理论,1.横向 2.纵向 3.实行行政集权,（三）政党政治,1.宪法规定了三权分立、联邦制，不能在体制内找到解决办法 2.法外途径：政党,The American political system is largely based on the fundamental principle of the separation of governmental powers. It has been imp

7、ossible for the necessary control of politics over administration to develop within governmental system on account of the independent position assigned by the constitutional law to executive and administrative officers,The control has therefore developed in the party system. The American political p

8、arty busies itself as much with the election of administrative and executive officers as it does with the election of bodies of the state will. The party system thus secures that harmony between the functions of politics and administration which must exist if government is to be carried on successfully,加强民主，提高效率,1.变革行政分权体制，使得政党对政府负全部责任 2.建立起全国性的政党 文官制度、财务公开、 经常性的选民投票,