2018高考英语二轮复习 专题一 阅读理解 第4讲 词义猜测题靶向训练

1、专题一 阅读理解第4讲 词义猜测题真题演练A(2016全国卷，阅读理解B)Five years ago，when I taught art at a school in Seattle，I used Tinkertoys as a test at the beginning of a term to find out something about my students.I put a small set of Tinkertoys in front of each student，and said：“Make something out of the Tinkertoys.You have

2、 45 minutes todayand 45 minutes each day for the rest of the week.”A few students hesitated to start.They waited to see what the rest of the class would do.Several others checked the instructions and made something according to one of the model plans provided.Another group built something out of the

3、ir own imaginations.Once I had a boy who worked experimentally with Tinkertoys in his free time.His constructions filled a shelf in the art classroom and a good part of his bedroom at home.I was delighted at the presence of such a student.Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work.His presence

4、meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect(感染) other students.Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downsideI ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking.Without fail one would declare，“But Im just not creative.”“Do you

5、dream at night when youre asleep？”“Oh，sure.”“So tell me one of your most interesting dreams.”The student would tell something wildly imaginative.Flying in the sky or in a time machine or growing three heads.“Thats pretty creative.Who does that for you？”“Nobody.I do it.”“Reallyat night，when youre asl

6、eep？”“Sure.”“Try doing it in the daytime，in class，okay？”【语篇解读】本文属于记叙文，作者通过让学生拼装玩具培养学生的创造性和想象力。5The teacher used Tinkertoys in class in order to _Aknow more about the studentsBmake the lessons more excitingCraise the students interest in artDteach the students about toy design解析：推理判断题。根据文章第二段可知当我把拼装式

7、玩具放在学生面前的时候，有些学生犹豫着在等着看别人如何行动，有一些学生查看了使用说明并根据模型做出了一些东西。而另外一些学生则根据本人的想象力做出了一些东西。通过观察我对不同的学生的性格有了不同的理解。故A正确。答案：A6What do we know about the boy mentioned in Paragraph 3?AHe liked to help his teacher.BHe preferred to study alone.CHe was active in class.DHe was imaginative.解析：推理判断题。根据文章第三段可知这个男孩在空闲时间拼装这些

8、玩具，而且他的作品堆满了艺术教室的架子，家里的卧室里也有很多。再根据本段倒数第三句“Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work”说明他是一个很有想象力和创造性的人。故D项正确。答案：D7.What does the underlined word “downside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?AMistake. BDrawback.CDifficulty. DBurden.解析：词义猜测题。根据画线单词后一句“I ran the risk of losing those students who had a

9、different style of thinking.”可知我冒着失去那些有不同思维方式的学生的危险。说明我的这种教育方法也有不足之处。故划线词意为“drawback(缺点)”。故B正确。答案：B8Why did the teacher ask the students to talk about their dreams?ATo help them to see their creativity.BTo find out about their sleeping habits.CTo help them to improve their memory.DTo find out about

10、their ways of thinking.解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后对话内容可知作者鼓励孩子们说出最有趣的有创造性和想象力的梦，并鼓励他们在白天的课堂里把梦的内容做出来。作者这样做的目的就是为了让他们看到自己的创造性和想象力。故A正确。答案：AB(2016全国卷，阅读理解C)(导学号 58210012)I am Peter Hodes，a volunteer stem cell courierSince March 2012，Ive done 89 tripsof those，51 have been abroad.I have 42 hours to carry stem cells

11、(干细胞) in my little box because Ive got two ice packs and thats how long they last.In all，from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor(捐献者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient，weve got 72 hours at most.So I am always conscious of time.I had one trip last year where I was caugh

12、t by a hurricane in America.I picked up the stem cells in Providence，Rhode Island，and was meant to fly to Washington then back to London.But when I arrived at the checkin desk at Providence，the lady on the desk said：“Well，Im really sorry，Ive got some bad news for youthere are no flights from Washing

13、ton.”So I took my box and put it on the desk and I said：“In this box are some stem cells that are urgently needed for a patientplease，please，youve got to get me back to the United Kingdom.”She just dropped everything.She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me，rerouted(改道) me throug

14、h Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled.For this courier job，youre consciously aware that in that box youve got something that is potentially going to save somebodys life.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了作者在一次运送造血干细胞途中的一段经历，表现了人们之间的友爱。29.Which of the following can replace the un

15、derlined word “courier” in Paragraph 1?Aprovider Bdelivery manCcollector Dmedical doctor解析：词义猜测题。根据本段内容“Ive done 89 trips”和“I have 42 hours to carry stem cells in my little box”以及第二段内容可知作者是运送干细胞的人，也就是delivery man。故选B 。答案：B30Why does Peter have to complete his trip within 42 hours?AHe cannot stay awa

16、y from his job too long.BThe donor can only wait for that long.CThe operation needs that much time.DThe ice wont last any longer.解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“I have 42 hours to carry stem cells in my little box because Ive got two ice packs and thats how long they last.”可知冰盒只能保持42小时适宜的温度。故选D。答案：D31Which flight

17、 did the woman put Peter on first?ATo London. BTo Newark.CTo Providence. DTo Washington.解析：细节理解题。根据第二段末句“She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me，rerouted me through Newark”可知，这位好心的女士首先安排作者去Newark的航班。故选B。答案：BC(2016全国卷 ，阅读理解B)On one of her trips to New York several years ago，Eudor

18、a Welty decided to take a couple of New York friends out to dinner.They settled in at a comfortable East Side cafe and within minutes，another customer was approaching their table.“Hey，arent you from Mississippi？”the elegant，whitehaired writer remembered being asked by the stranger.“Im from Mississip

19、pi too.”Without a second thought，the woman joined the Welty party.When her dinner partner showed up，she also pulled up a chair.“They began telling me all the news of Mississippi，”Welty said.“I didnt know what my New York friends were thinking.”Taxis on a rainy New York night are rarer than sunshine.

20、By the time the group got up to leave，it was pouring outside.Weltys new friends immediately sent a waiter to find a cab.Heading back downtown toward her hotel，her bigcity friends were amazed at the turn of events that had changed their Big Apple dinner into a Mississippi state reunion(团聚)“My friend

21、said：Now we believe your stories，”Welty added.“And I said：Now you know.These are the people that make me write them”Sitting on a sofa in her room，Welty，a slim figure in a simple gray dress，looked pleased with this explanation.“I dont make them up，”she said of the characters in her fiction these last

22、 50 or so years.“I dont have to.”Beauticians，bartenders，piano players and people with purple hats，Weltys people come from afternoons spent visiting with old friends，from walks through the streets of her native Jackson，Miss.，from conversations overheard on a bus.It annoys Welty that，at 78，her left ea

23、r has now given out.Sometimes，sitting on a bus or a train，she hears only a fragment(片断) of a particularly interesting story.【语篇解读】文章介绍了一位女作家请纽约的朋友吃饭时发生的故事。Welty是一位年纪比较大的作家，她来自密西西比。Welty的作品都是来自于现实的生活。25What happened when Welty was with her friends at the cafe?ATwo strangers joined her.BHer childhood

24、friends came in.CA heavy rain ruined the dinner.DSome people held a party there.解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“.another customer was approaching their table.”和第三段“.the woman joined the Welty party.When her dinner partner showed up，she also pulled up a chair”可知，先后有两个陌生人(一位女士及其同伴)加入了Welty他们的聚会，故选A。答案：A26.The underlin

25、ed word“them”in Paragraph 6 refers to Weltys _Areaders BpartiesCfriends Dstories解析：词义猜测题。画线的them指代前面提到的人或物，根据“Now we believe your stories”可知，them指代的是Welty写的小说里面的故事，听了Welty和两个陌生人的有关密西西比的谈话之后，Welty的朋友相信了Welty小说里的故事都是来源于生活，故选D。答案：D27What can we learn about the characters in Weltys fiction?AThey live in

26、 big cities.BThey are mostly women.CThey come from real life.DThey are pleasure seekers.解析：推理判断题。根据第八段“I dont make them up”和第九段“.Weltys people come from afternoons spent visiting with old friends，from walks through the streets of her native Jackson，Miss.，from conversations overheard on a bus.”可知，Wel

27、ty小说里的人物并非虚构的，他们都来源于现实的生活，故选C。答案：C模拟演练A(2017临沂一模)(导学号 58210013)Drive through any suburb in the US.Today，and its hard to miss the bins that have become companions to Americas trash cans.Recycling has become commonplace，as people recognize the need to care for the environment.Yet most peoples recyclin

28、g consciousness extends only as far as paper，bottles，and cans.People seldom find themselves facing the growing problem of ewaste.Ewaste rapidly increases as the technofashionable frequently upgrade to the most advanced devices，and the majority of them end up in landfills(垃圾填埋地)Some people who track

29、such waste say that users throw away nearly 2 million tons of TVs，VCRs，computers，cell phones，and other electronics every year.Unless we can find a safe replacement，this ewaste may get into the ground and poison the water with dangerous toxins(毒素)，such as lead，mercury，and arsenic.Burning the waste al

30、so dangerously contaminates the air.However，ewaste often contains reusable silver，gold，and other electrical materials.Recycling these materials reduces environmental problems by reducing both landfill waste and the need to look for such metals，which can destroy ecosystems.A growing number of states

31、have adopted laws to ban dumping(倾倒)ewaste.Still，less than a quarter of this refuse will reach lawful recycling programs.Some companies advertising safe disposal(处置)in fact merely ship the waste to some developing countries，where it still ends up in landfills.These organizations prevent progress by

32、unsafely disposing of waste in an outofsight，outofmind location.However，the small but growing number of cities and corporations that do handle ewaste responsibly represents progress toward making the world a cleaner，better place for us all.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。回收普通垃圾已经成为我们的习惯，但是意识到电子垃圾的存在并能合理回收，是现代回收垃圾的重点

33、。1What can we infer from the first paragraph?AMany Americans now have access to recycling bins.BEwaste cannot be put into trash cans in the US.CMost Americans have realized the dangers of ewaste.DMost of Americas trash cans are made of recycled material.解析：推理判断题。根据第一段“Recycling has become commonplac

34、e，as people recognize the need to care for the environment.”回收已经平常化，因为人们已经意识到关注环境的需要。可推断出答案A正确，很多美国人已经会用回收箱，故选A。答案：A2.What can best replace the underlined word“contaminates” in Paragraph 2?APollutes. BHeats.CAbsorbs. DReduces.解析：词义猜测题。A.pollutes“污染”；B.heats“加热”；C.absorbs“吸收”；D.reduces“减少”。根据词语前面的句意可

35、知这些电子污染会进入土地，污染到水源，故这里的句意为，燃烧污染物可能会污染空气。根据句意故这里选A。答案：A3How does the author feel about burying ewaste in landfills?AIts important. BIts unsafe.CIts acceptable. DIts uncommon.解析：推理判断题。根据文章第二段和第四段内容“These organizations prevent progress by unsafely disposing of waste in an outofsight，outofmind location.

36、”可知把电子垃圾掩埋在垃圾处理厂是不安全的，故选B。答案：B4Whats the authors purpose in writing this text?ATo tell us how to recycle ewaste.BTo talk about the future of ewaste.CTo discuss if its necessary to recycle ewaste.DTo encourage us to deal with ewaste properly.解析：写作意图题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了回收普通垃圾已经成为我们的习惯，但是意识到电子垃圾的存在并能合理回收，是现代

37、回收垃圾的重点。故本文的目的是鼓励我们合理处理电子垃圾，故D。答案：DB(2017石家庄高三检测)Every Wednesday，I go to Cantata Adult Life Services，a local retirement community in Brookfield，Illinois，US，with my classmates to do community service.Our visits last about an hour，and we bring 2530 students every time.We play board games and cards wit

38、h the elderly while were there.You can watch all the movies and TV shows you want about“life back then”，but nothing compares to talking to the people who were actually there.Just hearing their stories has touched me in a way I never thought possible.Whether it was talking to 98yearold“Hurricane Hild

39、a”about her glory days as a roller skater or chatting with Lou about the times she danced with a famous actor，I was completely mesmerized by every single memory the elderly wanted to share with me.Even those who dont have amazing memories make the experience fulfilling(充实的)I remember visiting Mrs Ro

40、binson.She couldnt recall much about her past，but she told me shed never forget how kind I was just to listen to her.It made me realize that its the little things that make life worth living.If theres one thing Ive realized in my three years of visiting Cantata，its that presencejust being theremeans

41、 more than anything to many of them.And despite how busy our lives are，theres always time to make someones day.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述作者去敬老院做义工的经历与收获。5Why does the author go to Cantata Adult Life Services regularly?ATo play board games.BTo visit the elderly.CTo watch movies.DTo share stories.解析：细节理解题。根据第一

42、段中 “Every Wednesday，I go to Cantata Adult Life Services，a local retirement community in Brookfield，Illinois，US，with my classmates to do community service.”可知，作者去敬老院的目的是慰问老人，故选B。答案：B6.The underlined word“mesmerized”in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to“_”Aconfused BannoyedCencouraged Dattracted解析：词

43、义猜测题。根据第四段中“whether it was talking to.I was completely mesmerized by every single memory the elderly wanted to share with me.”可知，作者被老人的经历所吸引，故选D。答案：D7What may be the most important to the elderly according to the author?AStaying with them. BThe special old days.CShowing patience. DAmazing experience

44、s.解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中“If theres one thing Ive realized in my three years of visiting Cantata，its that presencejust being theremeans more than anything to many of them.”可知本题答案为A。答案：AC(2017新余高三模拟)(导学号 58210014)A man walked into a small Irish pub and ordered three beers.Bartender was surprised，but he serv

45、ed that man three beers.One hour later the man ordered three beers again.The very next day that man ordered three beers again and drank quietly at a table.This repeated several times and shortly after the people of the town were whispering about the man，who was ordering three beers at once.A couple

46、of weeks later，the bartender decided to clear this out and inquired：“I do not want to pry，but could you explain，why do you order three beers all the time？”The man replied：“It seems strange，isnt it? You see，my two brothers live abroad at the moment，onein France and anotherin Italy.We have made an agr

47、eement that every time we go to pub each of us will order extra two beers and it will help keeping up the family “bond ”Soon all the town have heard about the mans answer and liked it a lot.The man became a local celebrity.Residents of the town were telling this story to newcomers or tourists and ev

48、en invited them to that pub to look at Three Beer Man.However，one day the man came to pub and ordered only two beers，not three as usual.The bartender served him with bad feeling.All that evening the man ordered and drank only two beers.The very next day all the town was talking about this news，some

49、people pray for the soul of one of the brothers，others quietly grieve.When the man came to pub the next time and ordered two beers again，the bartender asked him：“I would like to offer condolences to you，due to the death of your dear brother”The man considered this for a moment and then replied：“Oh，y

50、ou may be surprised that I order only two beers now? Well，my two brothers are alive and well.Its just because of my decision.I promised myself to give up drinking.”【语篇解读】一位男士去酒吧喝酒，一人要三杯啤酒，其中两杯是为他的两个兄弟要的，这是保持家庭纽带的协议。忽然有一天他只要了两杯啤酒，引起人们的猜想，而原因不过是他戒酒了。8The man ordered three beers all the time because_Ah

51、e missed his two brothers living abroad very muchBthis would help him become a local celebrityCpeople were fond of drinking beers in this pubDit was an agreement with his brothers to keep up the family bond解析：细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“We have made an agreement that every time we go to pub each of us will orde

52、r extra two beers and it will help keeping up the familybond”可知这是一个和他的兄弟保持家庭纽带的协议。故选D。答案：D9We can infer from the passage that_Athe mans brothers liked drinking beer very muchBnews traveled fast in the townCthe man became famous in the town because he was a heavy drinkerDthe man was strongminded to g

53、ive up drinking解析：推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“Soon all the town have heard about the mans answer and liked it a lot”可知在这个城镇消息传播很快。故选B。答案：B10The bartender served the man with bad feeling because_Athe man decided to drink two beersBhe thought the man should order three beersChe would earn less moneyDhe thought one

54、 of the mans brothers had passed away解析：推理判断题。根据第四段“However，one day the man came to pub and ordered only two beers，not three as usual.The bartender served him with bad feeling.The very next day all the town was talking about this news，some people pray for the soul of one of the brothers，others quiet

55、ly grieve.”可知酒吧侍者带着坏心情服务，是因为他认为这个男士的一个兄弟去世了。故选D。答案：D11.The underlined word “condolences” in the last paragraph can be replaced by_Asympathy BsurpriseCgratitude Dappreciation解析：词义猜测题。根据最后一段中“due to the death of your dear brother”(由于你亲爱的兄弟的死)，可知酒吧侍者对这位男士表示同情。故选A。答案：AD(2017佛山一中段考)(导学号 58210015)Under ne

56、w rules posted by the Civil Aviation (航空)Administration of China on Friday，pilots will have to pass a“level four”test of Mandarin Chinese，Chinas official language.Those who speak with an accent that“often impedes”comprehension will not pass.These rules take effect in January 2016.Chinas 56 ethnic gr

57、oups speak more than 80 languages and dialects.Even native Mandarin speakers can have trouble communicating with each other depending on the strength of their accents，which can be mutually unintelligible (难理解的)One flight trainer illustrated the scope for linguistic confusion，especially when common English aviation terms are used.Asked if there is a problem on board，a Chinese pilot might answer in the negative with the words mei you，o