第二讲 英语新闻标题特点

1、第二讲 英语新闻标题特点一、标题的结构主题（headline）+辅题(sub-headline/subhead)1. 主题：揭示新闻最主要的、读者最关心的核心问题。2. 辅题：1）引题：眉题、肩题：突出说明新闻事件的背景、原因、结果、新闻来源等内容。置于主题上方2）副题：子题、次题：对主题进行补充、解释和印证。置于主题下方 例1：Draft Law Business groups say move to ban discrimination on basis of race, gender and disability is bureaucratic threat to free enterp

2、riseSouth Africa National Assembly backs “equality bill” (Jan.27, 2000 Financial Times)例2：Spent fuel shipmentsGermany to lift ban on transport of N-waste (Jan.27, 2000 Financial Times)例3：July 13, 2011 China Daily CNOOCs new oil spill in Bohai BayControl system failure at oilfield blamed for third le

3、ak since June 例4：March 6-7, 2010 China Daily Pledge to narrow gap welcomedAddressing social divide takes govt priority二、标题的类型1. 陈述式例: 1) Girls Die in Blaze 2) Taiwan Recognizes Mainland Currency2. 设问式例：1)Oil Price to Rise?2) Korea Unity in Five Years? 3) Murder on Campus: Can It Be Averted?3. 引语式例：1

4、)“We Have to Save Our People”2) UN Chief: Talks Here “Positive”三、标题的语言特点1. 简练（Briefness）例：1）Starstruck (Time) 2) Battle for Brains (Financial Times) 2. 直白（plainness）例：1)Taiwan Recognizes Mainland Currency (South China Morning Post)2)Girls Die in Blaze3. 缩略词(abbreviation)例：1)EUS Future: The Vision an

5、d the Slog 2) University Entry Hard for Would-be Vets 3) Put the Sci Back in Sci-fi4) Euroland5) Euromat4. 省略(omission)（省去虚词，如冠词和动词to be, 介词、连词、助动词和代词、 有时实义词、主句）例：1）Woman Kills Husband, Self =(A) Woman Kills (Her) Husband (and) (Her) Self2) No Survivors in Gulf Air Crash =(There Are) No Survivors in

6、 (the) Gulf Air Crash3) Have Dollars, Will Sell =(If You) Have Dollars, (They) Will Sell4）U.S. ATTACKED Hijacked Jets Destroyed Twin Towers and Hit Pentagon in Day of Terror =U.S. (WAS) ATTACKED5) China biggest victim of cyber attacks =China (is) (the) biggest victim of cyber attacks6) Mao: We Shoul

7、d Support Third World Countries =Mao (Says) (That) We Should Support (the) Third World Countries5. 名词短语(noun phrase)例：1)Shotgun Death Riddle Drama 2) Zoo Escape Drama3)Global Probe of Bomb Suspect 6. 时态及语态 (tense & voice)1）常用现在时例：13 Die as Crowded Van Crosses M4Longevity Star Dies at 1102) 动词不定式表将来时

8、例：Peking to Fire Test Rocket to South PacificJapan to help elderly jobless3)被动语态 -突出强调事件或动作的接受者比较：500 Reported Killed in S. Korean Building Collapse Collapse Claims 500 Lives in S. Korea例：Girl of 18 Raped after Threat with Bread Knife Father Jailed for Murder of Daughter=Father Is Jailed for the Mur

9、der of His Daughter7. 标题常用小词 美国语言学家H.L.门肯指出：“大量使用短词”是标题语言的“突出特点”（distinguishing mark）.如：Quake Death Toll May Top 2000=The Death Toll in the Earthquake May Exceed 2000New Groups Boost Hi-Tech Research =New Groups Promote High Technology ResearchBaker, Japan Visit Off, Arms Issue Hot=Bakers Japan Visi

10、t is off and the Military Weapons Issue is HotMore words like:common words journalistic wordsdamagehit, harm, hurt, ruin, wreck, marabandondrop, give up, quit, skip, yieldexplodeblast, crash, ram, smashinvestigateprobechooseoptexpeloustpromisepledgeassistantaidpurposeaima mass assemblyrallynegotiati

11、ontalkagreement/transactiondealambassadorenvoymysteryriddleunemployedjobless如：Headline wordCommon headline meaningexampleairto make known, broadcastTV Airs “Facts” on Arms Deliverybackto supportUnions Back Peace MovebanprohibitionBus Ban on Pupils after Attack on Crewboosthelp, incentiveIndustry Get

12、s Boostcurbrestraint, limitNew Curbs on ImmigrationendfinishEurope Holds Talks to End Tension in Yugoslaviahitstrike; attackTerrorists Destroy World Trade Center, Hit Pentagon in Raid With Hijacked Jetsclaimcause the death toTerror bombing claims at least 189 in Balieaserelieve; reduceUS strives to

13、ease stagflation四、标题的修辞特点“Journalism is literature in a hurry.”英国著名诗人马修阿诺德1. 仿拟(parody)例：1)Emergency response: A tale of two disasters2) Candidate in the wind How a wavering Hillary Rodham Clinton finally decided to declare 3)To Save or Not to Save2. 头韵(alliteration)例：1）Soldiers Salary Soars2）South

14、Africa: Groping for Growth3. 尾韵 (end rhyme)例： 1)Hope of the Weak and the Meek2) Can Defense Pain Be Turned to Gain?4. 谐音例：Thatchers Style Wars(=star wars的谐音，为讽刺性俏皮话)5. 双关(pun)例：1)No Bill, No Bell.2)Royal Ballet Keeps Fans on Their Toes6. 比喻(metaphor)例：1)Senior, a gold mine of wisdom 2) A House in Tw

15、o Parts Notes: Hugh MacLennans novel Two Solitudes written in 1945. Two Solitudes examines the tensions felt between French and English speaking Canadians after WWI. The novels plot evolves around the life and times of the fictional character Paul Tallard and this characters struggles in reconciling

16、 the differences between his English and French Canadian identities. 7. 借代(metonymy)例：1）Israel Tests Washingtons Tolerance2）White House3) Whitehall4）Elysee5）Evan6）John Bull8. 委婉语(euphemism)例：Bringing Light to the Needyhairdresser: beautician gardener: landscaper9. 矛盾修辞法(oxymoron)例：Asian-American Suc

17、cess Real But Bitter-sweet10. 对偶(antithesis)例：New Blood, Ancient Wounds.11. 拟人(personification)例：1)Courage Knows No Gender 2)Silent Walk Speaks of Hope for Peace五、标题的文化知识例：1）Hes Smart Hes Not Nice Hes Saving Big BlueLou Gerstner isnt easy to love, but you have to respect him. Hes done the job no one wanted better than anyone expected. But will he finish it and restore growth and glory at IBM?1997年4月14日出版的美国财富杂志上刊登了卢格斯特纳的巨幅照片，旁边有这样一个标题：The Holy Terror Whos Saving IBM (正在拯救IBM的家伙)副标题为Lou Gerstner: Will he finish the job? (卢格斯特纳能完成使命吗？) 2)Doing Business The Dot-Com Way财富杂志2000年3月的封面文章