考试说明写作概要writing--summary.ppt

1、Summary Writing,本题总分为25分，按5个档次给分。 评分时，先根据所写概要的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要去来衡量、确定或调整档次，最后给分。 词数少于40的和多于80的，从总分中减去2分。 评分时，应主要从以下四个方面考虑 . 拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个重要方面，评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。 如书写较差以致影响交际，可将分数降低一个档次。,概要写作评分原则解读,概要写作： 提供一篇350词以内的短文，要求考生基于该短文 写出一篇60词左右的内容概要,评分要点 1）理解准确，涵盖全部要点 2）准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇 3）有效使用语句间的连

2、接成分，结构紧凑 4）完全使用自己的语言,解读之 篇,Summary writing for argumentation,There is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt,1.Read,topic:, structure,In what order does the passage develop to show the different “attitudes”?,Tip1: Read for topic and structure,(2 )In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on

3、 the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular dangerwas thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. Sodid the king of England in 1

4、546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirtin a friendly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken abath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out. (3)Though the belief

5、in the merit of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighborever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanline

6、ss havemoved beyond science since World War . Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea; clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far? (4)Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try t

7、o warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, anAmerican immunologist (免疫学家), encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immunesystem. And the latter position is gaining some ground.,There is nothing fi

8、xed about attitudes to dirt,2.Explore （探究）,supporting ideas,Find out the topic sentences of each paragraph,Para 2: In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin a

9、nd let ills in. A particular dangerwas thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. Sodid the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirtin a friendly way. Henry IV, King of France, was fa

10、mously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken abath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out.,Examples of some European countries,(Para 3) Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbore

11、ver since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness havemoved beyond science since World War . Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea; cl

12、othes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far?,(Para 4) Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread

13、of disease. On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, anAmerican immunologist (免疫学家), encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immunesystem. And the latter position is gaining some ground.,Tip2: Explore for topic sentences, leaving out unnecessary points,3: Paraphrase（改写）, There is nothing

14、fixed about attitudes to dirt.,different, mixed, various,opinions, views, ideas, Attitudes to dirt vary in different times., People hold different/mixed opinions towards dirt over time.,Tip 3. Paraphrase with synonyms(同义词）, thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease,defended thei

15、r bodies against the attack of disease. considered dirt on the skin helped resist illness. protected people from getting ill. regard dirt on the skin as a barrier against disease.,Paraphrase with synonyms（同义句）, In the 18th century,regarded cleaning away dirt is good to health,It was not until .that

16、peole came to believe washing off dirt benefited health. Centuries later, people came to adopt /employ /subsribe to a scientific view on dirt, considering it a healthy practice to remove dirt off the skin.,Tip 4: Paraphrase（改写） with structures (participle分词, with-structure结构, emphatic sentence强调句 an

17、d so on), encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immunesystem,play with dirt help strenghthen their immune system. exposure to some dirt may help/ boost our immune system.,Paraphrase with synonyms, People hold mixed opinions towards dirt on our skin., In the 16th century, peopl

18、e of some European countries, believed that dirt protected people from getting ill., People began to change their attitudes to dirt more than 200 years ago. They have been told that washing dirt off our body can keep us healthy., Nowadays, some scientists believe that exposure to some dirt may help

19、our immune system.,However,Nevertheless/But, people,4: Polish （润色）, nowadays,Tip 5: Polish with connectives to make it coherent.,5. Copy,Tip 6: Copy with cleanness,How to write a summary,R,E,P,C,P,5STEPS,6TIPS,Topic and structure,Topic/supporting sentences,Connectives/Coherence,Cleanness,Synonyms,St

20、ructures,ExerciseRead and write with the steps and tips,Getting up early has been regarded as a good habit since ancient times. Many years ago, people thought that if we went to bed early and got up early, we would be energetic the whole day. Nowadays, people still hold the same view. So, getting up

21、 early is of great importance to us all. In fact, morning is the best time of a day. In the morning, the air is the freshest and people are usually in the best conditions. Many of us may have the experiences that we memorize some things more quickly and accurately in the morning than at any other ti

22、me of the day. Additionally, if we get up early and do some morning exercise or only take a short walk in the morning, without doubt we can build our bodies and become much healthier. That is why many people getting up early do physical exercise year after year. Also, we will have enough time to mak

23、e a plan and get ready for our work or study of the day if we get up early. For example, if everyone in the family gets up early, wife will have enough time to prepare the breakfast for the whole family. Children will have enough time to catch the school bus, and husband will never forget to change

24、his dirty shirt. Everything is in order. What a harmonious scene! However, if we get up late, well probably have to do everything in a great hurry, making it in a mess. Let us remember getting up early is a good habit and try our best to keep it. Late risers may find it difficult to form the habit o

25、f getting up early. They have to make efforts to do so. If we stick to getting up early every day, we will certainly benefit a lot from it.,The importance of getting up early in the morning can never be too overemphasized. In the first place, our brain works faster and more correctly. Whats more, we

26、 can be increasingly healthy by breathing the fresh air and working out in the morning. Lastly, it enables us to make good preparations for the day.,Assessment,U,P W,要点守恒 扩词成句,W S,S P, 理解准确， 涵盖全部要点。, 能准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇。 有效地使用了语句间的连接成分, 使结构紧凑。 完全使用自己的语言。, 有效地使用了语句间的连接成分, 使结构紧凑。,2,PPT模板下载： 行业PPT模板： 节日PPT模板： PPT素材下载： PPT背景图片： PPT图表下载： 优秀PPT下载： PPT教程： Word教程： Excel教程： 资料下载： PPT课件下载： 范文下载： 试卷下载： 教案下载：,When? Where? Who? What? Why