如何做阅读理解题

1、.如何做阅读理解题对不同体裁的语言材料的理解能力，以及通过对材料的阅读，从材料中捕获信息的能力四项要求：1、不但要求掌握所读材料的主旨大意、中心思想，而且要求掌握文章中的详细事实与细节2、不但要求对于具体事实情节的理解，而且要求对其抽象含义的理解，既要理解字面意思，又要理解其深层含义，包括作者的态度、观点、意图等。3、既要求理解文章中某句、某段的含义及全文的逻辑关系，又要求根据其含义及逻辑关系进行判断和推理。4、既要求考生能够运用材料中的信息去理解、分析问题；又要求考生能运用中学生应有的生活常识去分析、理解问题。阅读理解题型设计：A.事实询问题B.推理判断题C.数据推算题D.识图解意题E.主旨

2、大意题F.常识题A.事实询问题 此类题型的问题以what、who、which、when、where、how或者why等词引导，就文中某句、某段或某一具体细节进行提问并要求考生回答。做题要领：1.明确题意，顺藤摸瓜。2.按照要求，寻找答案源。3.找准关键词，明白其暗 示作用。4.多读课文，正确使用排 除法。B.推理判断题既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点。这类试题常以如下句式发问：1.What can you conclude from this passage？2.Wha

3、ts the authors attitude towards.？3.We can infer from the passage that.4.Which statement is(not) true? 做题要领：1.在阅读时，要挖掘文章的深层含义。 2.抓住材料实质性的东西。C.数据推算题要求考生就文章提供的数据，以及数据与文中其他信息的关系做简单计算和推断。D.识图解意题此类插图题型是通过图解、地图或插图的形式，形象化地表现信息，用以降低试题的难度，是短文和题目不可缺少的组成部分。做题要领：1.把文章与图示结合起来，图文互相参照、互相验证。2.若是地图，则要做到方位明确。3.要正确理解文中

4、方位介词及有关信息词的重要意义。E.主旨大意题此类题型用以考查考生对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。一类题型为主题问题。如：What is the main idea of this passage？What does the passage mainly talk about？ What does the writer want to tell us？ 另一类为标题问题。如：Which is the best title of this article/passage 做题要领：寻找主题句往往是做好此类题的关键。每段的主题句(往往为第一句)。它一般都用来表示一个段落的主旨大意，抓住主题句

5、，就不难确定文章的最佳标题。F.经验常识题此类题主要是考查中学生应有的多项综合知识，包括：社会知识、天文知识、史地知识、科普知识及对生活常识的主观掌握程度。做题要领：此类题往往与文章没有直接关系，学生只能凭自己的常识进行判断，然后做出正确、符合这些规律的选择。.阅读理解基础训练能力类型99000102 0909推理判断4544 92.分析综合3353 33.猜测词义4424 34.作者意图、态度4411 15.归纳中心、主题1124 16. 理解实事4345 67. 逻辑排列1Read the paragraph quickly and guess the meaning of the und

6、erlined word:When a contractor is ready to begin construction of a superhighway，he makes a preliminary study of the drawings and blueprints supplied by the engineers. He gains mental picture of the whole job before he begins actual constructionA.preparatory B.extensive C.scientific D.necessary答案A. p

7、reparatory。preliminary和preparatory的前缀都是pre，表示“预先”的意思，又根据常识，凡是搞工程建设在着手建造时一定要作建筑前期准备，包括研究审查工程师的设计图纸等。故A为唯一正确选项。阅读理解基本训练 一.判断词义(一)、学习同义词(二)、学习反义词(三)、找线索，找信息词，判断新单词(四)、根据上下文判断新词汇的确切意思（一）学习同义词，扩大词汇量1.Exercise for understanding the words从所给选项中选出所给单词的同义词.1. desire A. health B.wealth C. security D.want 2. f

8、ast A.easy B.rapid C.slow D.furious 3. mistake A.check B. fury C. error D. figure 4. fault A. cunning B. mistake C. dizzy D. silly 5. purpose A. will B. thread C. interest D.intent 6. employ A. pay B. fire Chire D. direct 7. choose A. appoint B. elect C. defeat D. honour 8. last Afirst Bfinal Ciniti

9、al Donly 9. still Acalm Bstormy Cwarm Dnoisy 10. harm Akill Binjure Cheal Dtreat （二）学习英语反义词，扩大词汇量：从四个中选出所给单词的反义词：1. right Afaulty B. correct Cwrong Dlight 2. Gradual Ahasty BSudden Cquick Dstrange 3. poverty Awealth Bmoney Criches Dcost 4. sameness A. humour B. mixture C. variety D. interest 5. unit

10、e A.join B.divide C. fuse D. tie 6. danger A. guard B. safety C. security D.lane 7. unlike Adislike BSimilar Ccopied Dtricky 8. smallest Abiggest BOldest Cheavy Dfat (三)从句子或文段中找线索，找信息词，判断新单词，扩大词汇量：Example:Twelveyearold Sally was an active girl，but her sister was quite sedateA. pretty B. calm C. prot

11、ective D. energetic【解析】答案为B calm。句中的 but合符逻辑，指明sedate正是active的反义词。calm实为sedate的同义词或近义词。这样but就成为寻找sedate这个生词意思的答案的线索或信息词了。1.He found an unpretentious job as a wheeler of cement（水泥）and loved being unnoticed. A.unshowy B. unlucky C. easy D. unhappy2. Alberts success after much effort and practice prove

12、s the value of persistence. A. time B. competition C. perseverance D. beginning again 3.He felt very alone; he had lived in Baltimore City for a month and had met no one in the inhospitable city. A.unfriendly B.uncomfortable C. unhealthy D. enormous4. An occasional respite dur-ing a long evening of

13、study is desirable. Tom often takes a short breath between chap -ters or between assignments.A. test B. review C. drink D. rest5. She sneered, You are the worst type of parasite. You make me sick! You take our friendship and love, but you give nothing of yourself! A. person B. enemy C. friend D. one

14、 who lives on another6. I want to stay in New York, but my friend tried to dissuade me.A. deceive B.frightenC.Talk out of it D.accompany(四)根据上下文判断新词汇的确切意思Tom cant find his sneakers. A.Money B. bowls C. shoesTom cant find his white sneakers A.Money B. bowls C. shoesTom cant play tennis now because he

15、 cant find his white sneakers. A.Money B. bowls C. shoes【解析】sneakers中学课本中未出现过的新词。根据英语语法，A、B、C代入句子中都正确。作为名词的A、B、C代人句中意思也说得通。但在speakers前加一个修饰语white就成为Tom cant find his white sneakers那么 A领则可去掉，答案则可能是B和C。而在这句的前面再加一层意思，这就是Tom cant play tennis now because he cant find his white sneakers. 这样一看就知道bowls(碗）与打

16、网球没有什么联系，而shoes与打网球却有密切联系，不穿鞋怎么打网球呢？C就成为唯一正确选项。判断词义练习 根据上下文，选出各题划线词语的准确的答案。l. Jane is usually prompt. Alate Bon time CpleasedJane is usually prompt for her classes Alate B. on time，C. pleasedJane is usually prompt for all her classes，but she arrived in the middle of her first class. Alate Bon time C

17、pleased2. Tom saw an owl last night Aa bird Ban animal Cthe sunTom saw an owl in a tree last night Aa bird Ban animal Cthe sunTom saw an owl last night but it flew away when he got near Aa bird Ban animal Cthe sun3. The boy wants a pony Adog Bcat ChorseThe boy wants a brown pony Adog Bcat ChorseThe

18、boy wants to ride a brown pony. Adog Bcat Chorse4. He rejected the advice Atook Brefused CmadeHe rejected the advice his teacher gave him Atook Brefused CmadeSince he rejected the advice his teacher gave him，he failed in the exam Atook Brefused Cmade5. The children are looking at an ape. Aa kind of

19、monkey Ba kind of snake Ca kind of birdThe children are looking at an ape at the zoo Aa kind of monkey Ba kind of snake Ca kind of birdThe children are looking at a large, hairy(毛的) ape at the zoo Aa kind of monkey Ba kind of snake 6. The trout is very cheap Afish Bfruit Capple Ca kind of birdThe fr

20、esh trout is very cheap Afish Bfruit CappleThe fresh trout is very cheap, but I dont know how to cook it Afish Bfruit Capple7. Jack was injured this morning A. ill Bhurt CsadJack was injured this morning，and he could not come to school A. ill Bhurt CsadJack was injured when he played basketball this

21、 morning，and he could not come to schoolA. ill Bhurt Csad8. The lady asked the waitress to get her a saucer Aa glass Ba cake Ca small plateThe lady asked the waitress to get her a clean saucer Aa glass Ba cake Ca small plateThe lady asked the waitress to get her a clean saucer to put her coffee cup

22、on Aa glass Ba cake Ca small plate9. We seldom see a sparrow now. Aa kind of dog Ba kind of plane Ca kind of birdwe seldom see a sparrow in the sky Aa kind of dog Ba kind of plane Ca kind of birdwe seldom see a sparrow in the sky because the air is not so clean now as used to be Aa kind of dog Ba ki

23、nd of plane Ca kind of bird 10. The plane didnt take off on time Aarrive Bleave CseeThe plane didnt take off on time Aarrive Bleave CseeAll the Passengers got on the plane， but the plane didnt take off on time Aarrive Bleave Csee11. The quiz will be on Monday Agame Bclass CtestThe quiz for English will be on Monday Agame Bclass CtestIm sure to pass the quiz for English on Monday Agame Bclass Ctest二.判断句义All the students in Tom