写作教程第三册课件narration.ppt

1、,Work review,Good sentences,1. Many Chinese youth of today are addicted to computer games, which do great harm their physical and mental health. 2.Travel plays an important role in developing our country: boosting the economy and promoting cultural communication with other countries. 4. With the dev

2、elopment of economy, travel abroad has become a tendency. There are 3 reasons why Chinese people like traveling abroad.,Good sentences,5. Inland university and university abroad have much difference in academic atmosphere, education system and ways of cultivating students. 6. Travelling abroad needs

3、 great environmental supports. 7. What impress me most on this trip are local culture and delicacy of Xia Men.,Good sentences,8. The Chinese youth of today are facing some problems: the temptation of Internet, heavy stress of study and the confusion towards opposite sex. 9. The character of Chinese

4、Post-90s today is often criticized as :irresponsible, confused and selfish. 10. University is a good place for us to make friends, improve our ability and acquire kinds of knowledge.,Weak sentences,There are three points of why travel become so popular now: Development of economy, work pressure, Dev

5、elopment of traffic. Traveling is benefit for our life which can reduce pressure and make friends with different people. The Chinese youth of today is full of pressure: study, the high price of the building, car and oil University plays an important role in cultivating college students, helps them g

6、ain more professional knowledge, enhances personal personality.,Weak sentences,5. Chinese modern travel causes many problems: environmental pollution, cheating tourists and safety problems. 6.There are many problems of facilities in ECJTU which the school authority should deal with 7. The difference

7、 between Chinese university and western university: teaching methods, managing methods, study atmosphere. 8. The Chinese youth of today have three advantages: being full of passion, having confidence about themselves and being brave to challenge.,Weak sentences,9. Chinese university calls for more j

8、ustice in management with a system of sounder supervision and more self-disciplined teachers so as to create a harmonious teaching environment.,Narration,First person/ third person,Suggested Teaching Activities,Lead-in reading P2 Dreamhouse (NE: P2) Read and answer the questions (NE P4),Suggested an

9、swers to the questions,1. They may have decided that the young people were of a lower class or undesirable ethnic group, and thus disdain to answer the door. 2. In the narration, character is probably the least important since the fourth young people are not extensively delineated or described. 3. D

10、espite their honest efforts to succeed, young and poor people are often met with indifference from those who are older or well-to-do.,Narration,First person/ third person,basic elements,Contents-1,Definition,classification,details and theme,1,2,3,4,A man went to an insurance office to have his life

11、insured. The manager of the office asked him how old his parents were when they died. “Mother had a bad heart and died at the age of thirty. Father died of tuberculosis when he was thirty-five.” “I am very sorry,” said the manager, “we cannot insure your life as your parents were not healthy.” As th

12、e man was leaving the office, depressed, he met a clerk, who had overheard the conversation.,The Insurance Office,“You must not be so frank and tell the truth,” said the clerk, “no office will insure you if you speak like that. Use your imagination a little.” The man went to another office and was s

13、hown into the managers room. “Well, young man, how old were your parents when they died?” “Mother was ninety-three, and she died from a fall off her bicycle. Father was ninety-eight and he died while he was playing football.” The manager immediately agreed to insure the mans life.,What event is narr

14、ated? Whats the theme? What in the narration impresses you most?,A man went to an insurance office to have his life insured. The manager of the office asked him how old his parents were when they died. “Mother had a bad heart and died at the age of thirty. Father died of tuberculosis when was thirty

15、-five.” “I am very sorry,” said the manager. “We cannot insure your life as your parents were not healthy.” As the man was leaving the office, depressed, he met a clerk, who had overheard the conversation.,The Insurance Office,“You must not be so frank and tell the truth,” said the clerk. “No office

16、 will insure you if you speak like that. Use your imagination a little.” The man went to another office and was shown into the managers room. “Well, young man, how old were your parents when they died?” “Mother was ninety-three, and she died from a fall off her bicycle. Father was ninety-eight and h

17、e died while he was playing football.” The manager immediately agreed to insure the mans life.,What is narration? To narrate is to give an account of an event or a series of events. Narration is a process by which events or actions are presented to the reader in a particular order. (OE P5; NE P4)At

18、its simplest, narration is the telling of a story, which involves characters and ongoing actions or events.,Definition,1,Types of narration In its broadest sense, narrative writing includes stories (real or imaginary), biographies, histories, news items, and narrative poems. Fiction: recount authors

19、 imagination, sometimes based on the authors real-life experiences. Non-fiction: recount events that actually occurred,First-person narration Third-person narration,Classification,2,Whats first-person narration?,As its name suggests, is stories told by using the first-person pronouns like “I”, “me”,

20、 “we” and “us”. In narrating the events, the author has chosen to tell his stories from his own point of view. In other words, the storyteller, also known as the narrator, participates in the action and recalls the events from his or her personal perspective.,Whats third-person narration?,As its nam

21、e suggestions, is the narration technique of using the third-person pronouns like “ he”, “him”, “she” and “her”. In narrating the events, the author has chosen to tell his stories from the third-persons point of view. In other words, the storyteller, also known as the narrator, does not participate

22、in the action.,Plot Character Setting Point of view,Basic Elements,3,Plot: the plot is the storys actions and events. Most plots focus on a problem faced by the main character. In the narrative essay focusing on a person, plot refers to the information of the character or some stories or events whic

23、h happened to the person.,basic elements,3,Character: the people or the animals involved in the plot Setting: the time and place in which the events of a story happen. Setting can create mood or atmosphere,basic elements,3,Point of view: particular vantage point from which the story is told, such as

24、 the first-person point of view, the third-person point of view.,basic elements,3,Samples on page8-9 “ The Day I was Fat” NE P5 Details should be specific and relevant to the purpose, the theme. Use specific, vivid verbs, adjectives, adverbs,Task 4 (assignment after class) Samples on page8-9 “ The D

25、ay I was Fat”,Details and Theme,4,Elements of a narrative: Point of view: particular vantage point from which the story is told, such as the first-person point of view, the third-person point of view.,Samples on page8-9 “ The Day I was Fat” rising action (through conflict); climax (or turning point)

26、; falling action; and resolution. OE: P18, NE: P15 ,Plot diagram the progression of plot,1,Exposition/Introduction: The introductory material which gives the setting, creates the tone, presents the characters, and presents other facts necessary to understanding the story. This

27、phase ends, and the next begins, with the introduction of conflict,Plot diagram the progression of plot,1,Rising Action (through conflict): A series of events that builds from the conflict. It begins with the inciting force and ends with the climax. It includes the events of a dramatic or narrative

28、plot preceding the climax. Conflict: The essence of fiction. It creates plot.,Plot diagram the progression of plot,1,What is conflict? Man v. Self is when the main character in the story has a problem with him or herself. It may involve characters having to make decisions (such as which path to take

29、 or what clothes to wear), or involving a guilty conscience or moral issues. Man vs. Man conflict can be described as a conflict arising between two or more characters of the same kind. An example of this might be a fist fight between two people.,Plot diagram the progression of plot,1,What is confli

30、ct? Man vs. Society is a literature theme in fiction in which a main character (or characters) thinks differently from society or has different concepts than what most people think. Man v. Nature is the theme in literature that places a character against forces of nature. Many disaster films focus o

31、n this theme, which is predominant within many survival stories.,Plot diagram the progression of plot,1,What is conflict? Man v. Supernatural is a type of literary conflict in which the character is pitted against elements outside of the natural realm. These include encounters with ghosts, extraterr

32、estrials, external spiritual experiences, and other unexplained occurrences. Man v. Machine/Technology is a conflict between a man and mechanical antagonists or the mechanization of society in general.,Plot diagram the progression of plot,1,What is conflict? Man v. Destiny (or Fate) is a theme in wh

33、ich one attempts to break free of a predetermined path before him chosen without his knowledge. It can also be referred to as a conflict between fate and freewill.,Plot diagram the progression of plot,1,Plot diagram the progression of plot,1,Climax :The climax is the result of the conflict. It is th

34、e high point (usu. Turning point) of the story (esp. the protagonist) for the reader. Frequently, it is the moment of the highest interest and greatest emotion. The climax usually features the most conflict and struggle and usually reveals any secrets or missing points in the story. In many stories,

35、 it is the last sentence, with no successive falling action or resolution.,Plot diagram the progression of plot,1,Falling Action: The events after the climax which close the story. Resolution/Conclusion (尾声） : Rounds out and concludes the action. Conflicts are resolved, creating normality for the ch

36、aracters and a sense of catharsis(宣泄，发泄）, or release of tension and anxiety, for the reader.,Sample analysis,Task 4: Plot structure of “The Story of an Hour”,The Story of an Hour 1.introduction: Mrs Mallard has heart trouble. Her sister Josephine NE: P16,Flashbacks / flashforwards,2,Flashforward/ fo

37、reshadow (预叙) On the basis of time discrepancy, we turn narration into two categories: flash-forward and flashback: if the story occurs before discourse, it is flashback; otherwise it will be flash-forward. flashforward is rich in its contents. Its a literary technique used by many different authors

38、 to provide clues for the reader to be able to predict what might occur later on in the story. Example: A Dream of Red Mansion : All Good Things Must End and its annotation the key to understand the novel,Once upon a time, there was a little girl who lived with her mother. Her mother asked her to ta

39、ke her old and lonely grandmother some food one day. “Dont stop along the way. Go straight to your Grandmas house and back. Dont talk to any strangers and watch out for the wolf in the woods.! Now get along!” - Little Red Riding Hood,Flashforwards foreshadow,while she was walking through the woods,

40、a wolf was walking past her. “I bet I could convince her to take the long way. Then I could get to her grandmothers house first and trick her into thinking that I was her grandma. That way I could have her and her grandma for a large “feast”, he thought. - Little Red Riding Hood,The wolf went up to

41、Little Red Riding Hood and told her that he knew a shortcut. Little Red Riding Hood thought back to what her mother told her. “Dont talk to any strangers and watch out for the wolf in the woods!” But it was too late, she had already listened to the wolfs directions.,Flashback,Using Dialogue in a Nar

42、rative It is more effective to add dialogue. Using peoples actual words can speed the process of telling the story and allow people to speak for themselves. Their personality, attitudes, social background, age, and lifestyle can sometimes be reflected by their tone and choice of words.,Using dialogu

43、e,3,Advantages of dialogue in narration 1. provide insights into someones personality in description of a person. 2. highlight the relationship between characters, intensify the action, add suspense and make the narration more real and lifelike 3. It can animate many narratives. Effective dialogue l

44、ivens the action and involves the reader more closely in the events.,Using dialogue,3,Language feature of dialogue in Narration 1. Good dialogue always uses simple words and shorts sentences. To heighten the illusion of reality, the writer may use an occasional sentence fragment, slang expression, p

45、ause, interjection and the like.,Using dialogue,3,2. Written conversation does not mean duplicate the way we actually talk. In speaking with friends, we repeat ourselves, throw in irrelevant comments, use slang, lose our train of thought, and overuse expression like “you know,” “uh”, “well”. Dialogu

46、e that duplicates real talk will sink any narratives. Good dialogue creates the impression of real conversation without copying it exactly. It uses simple words and short sentences, and it doesnt bog down in the excessive repetition of such phrases as “he said” and “she replied”.,Tips for punctuatio

47、n: 对话本身要用引号，与对话有关的标点符号都应放在引号里面。 e.g. Unexpectedly, the problem was solved for her. One a wrinkled old white neighbor said to her, “Can you read?” 2. 对话本身第一个词的首字母必须大写。 Lucy asked, “Where do you live?” 3. 如果对话分几部分，引号应该分别使用。,Tips： e.g. “What has happened?” she asked. “How did your clothes get into such

48、 a mess?” “A fire extinguisher, my dear,” answered the Ambassador drily. “University students set the Embassy on fire this morning.” Samples : OE: P19, P20 , NE: P17 Sample: A Dream of Red Mansions (Chapter 23),Unit Summary,OE: P21 NE: P18 Assignment after class: Task 7,Sample 1 On April Fools Day,

49、I received a letter with a strange address on it. At first, I considered it as a joke, but then I wanted to check whether it was real. Anyway, it was a 5,000 dollars cheque. To my great surprise, it was real and I got my money. “Is it my aunt who sent me the cheque?” I was about calling my aunt when

50、 I received a phone call. It was a strange number. “Hello, Miss Zhang?” said the stranger. “Yes. Whos that?” I asked.,“Theres no good for you to know my name. Have you got the money?” the man said slowly. “Ye, Yes, whats wrong?” “Just enjoy it!” the man laughed or rather made a strange noise. I was

51、frightened to death. Whats going to happen to me? I called at my best friend Jill and asked for her advice. Finally, she decided to go shopping with me and try to use up all,the money. Both of us were excited and nervous. When we got back to my apartment with a pile of dresses, shoes , makeup and sn

52、acks, we waited something happening. Suddenly, my phone rang, its the same number as before. “Enjoy the shopping, ha?” “Ye. Yes.” “Please bring back all the goods you have bought. Its just a joke. If you failed to do that, I will call the police. Ha, ha.” I would kill him!,Analysis:,Sample Essay on

53、Page 14 (Book 3) The Story of an Hour,The Story of an Hour 1.introduction: Mrs Mallard has heart trouble. Her sister Josephine & her husbands friend Richards try to tell her the news of her husbands death with great caution. 2. Rising action: Mrs Mallard wept. She then went into her room alone 3. Co

54、nflict: Mrs Mallard suffers from the conflict between the shock of hearing the news and the joy of feeling free resulting from her husbands death. The joy of freedom finally overwhelms her. 4. Climax: Her husband comes back, thus destroying the hope of freedom 5. Falling action: No 6. Resolution: Mr

55、s Mallard died of heart disease.,Difference between narration and description Narration is to tell “what has happened” and description is to show “what it is”.,When we describe what we see, we hold things still and our description is like showing our friends a snapshot of what we choose to look at.

56、When we narrate what happened, we tell an account of past events, and our narration reads like a story.,Relationship between narration and description Description and narration are often joined together in one piece of writing.,What is a good narrative essay? Good narration depends on vivid descript

57、ions.- narrative is always heavily loaded with descriptions. Good narration depends on the interesting or moving plot. Samples: Title: Unexpected Money,Sample 1 “Oh, God! Good luck has in the end blessed me!” I cant help crying out when I notice something “shinning” on the road it is a pile of cash!

58、 “Wow, I havent even seen so much money at one time! What should I do? Pick it up? But what if its just a trap?” I find myself in a dilemma. “Oh! Who cares? Its just a great sum of money with which I can buy a lot of things that I couldnt buy before!” Thinking of this, I step on it and look around n

59、ervously to make sure nobody has noticed me.,Sample 1 Then I squat on the heels and pick up the money, pretending that I am just bolting the tie. I swiftly put it in my pocket and slowly go away, whistling intentionally with my hands in the pocket. “Oh, I have money now!” I think in ecstasy.,Sample 1 “Oh, God! Good luck has in the end blessed me!” I cant help crying out when I notice something “shinning” on the road it is a pile of cash! “Wow, I havent even seen so much money at one time! What sh