第五讲-汉英翻译中的语序变换PPT课件.ppt

1、第五讲 汉英翻译中的语序变换,1,课前练习,他报告里所提到的东西经不起推敲。 What he said in his report could not hold water/ stand close scrutiny. 英雄造时势，时势造英雄。 Heroes create the times; the times produce their heroes. 嵩山有号称“天下第一刹”的少林寺。 Mount Songshan boasts of Shaolin Temple reputed as “Number One Temple under Heaven”.,2,1汉英词序上的异同,汉族的思维

2、方式是：主体行为标志行为客体语言表达模式是：主语 + 状语 +谓语 + 宾语 （以及定语必须前置等） 以英语为母语的民族反映现实的思维顺序主要是：主体行为行为客体行为标志这一思维方式所引起的语言表达模式是：主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 状语（以及较长的定语必须后置等）,3,看状语的位置，并比较异同,Eg. 在机器中很多能量是由于部件之间的摩擦而损失的。 Inmachine a great deal of energy is lost because of the friction between its parts. 他们很细心地观察化学变化。 They observe the chemica

3、l reaction with great care. They observe with great care the chemical reaction.,4,1-1）在时间上,汉语通常按事情发生或出现的先后顺序排列 英语词序则主要是根据语境的需要安排。 侵略者不到走投无路的时候是不会投降的。 The invaders will not surrender until they are cornered. The invaders will not surrender until they come to the end of their tether. 当女演员登上舞台时，观众中爆发出一

4、阵掌声。 A loud applause exploded from the audience when the actress went on the stage.,5,汉语的词序比较固定：通常按照先因后果，先假设后可能，先条件后结果的顺序来排列； 英语的词序比较灵活：但通常开门见山，直奔主题，然后再作解释。在表示因果关系时，一般先讲结果再说明原因，在表示假设时，往往先说结果，再说条件。,1-2）在事理上,6,她不老实，我不能信任她。 I cant trust her, because she is not honest. 抓住了主要矛盾，一切问题就可以迎刃而解。 All problems

5、can be readily solved, once the principal contradiction is grasped.,1-2）在事理上：例句,7,汉语通常先叙述（即事实或描写），后表态（即判断或结论）。 每个人各司其责，这一点是很重要的。 It is important that everyone do his duty. 凡有钱的单身汉，总要娶位太太，这已经成了一条举世公认的真理。 It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be

6、in want of wife.,1-3）在对某事发表评论时,8,2词序调整的方法,1) 根据时间顺序进行调整（1）顺译（2）逆译 2）根据搭配需要进行调整 （1）定语的位置 （2）状语的位置 （3）一系列表示时间或地点的词在一起时的先后顺序 （4）叙事和表态的先后顺序,9,2-1）根据时间顺序进行调整（1）顺译,1）多个表示连贯动作的动词并列，汉语和英语按照动作发生的先后顺序来安排词序。 它先是离我较远，见我不去伤害它，便一点点挨近、然后蹦到我的杯子上，俯下头来喝茶，再偏脸瞧瞧我的反应。珍珠鸟 冯骥才 First it kept its distance from me, then bein

7、g aware that I didnt intend to hurt it, hopped nearer, then stood upon my glass, eventually lowered its head to drink my tea, and turned around to see my response.,10,2）汉语中有些按照时间先后安排语序的复合句译成英语时也可采用顺序法。 传说秦始皇来到泰山封禅的时候，遇上了暴风雨，他就躲在一棵很大的松树下避雨。 It is said that when the First Emperor of Qin came to Mount

8、Tai to perform the rites of worshipping Heaven and Earth, he was caught in a storm, and found shelter under a giant pine tree.,2-1）根据时间顺序进行调整（1）顺译,11,汉语习惯是按照动作发生的时间先后组句的，而英语则比较灵活：有时也按动作或事件的先后顺序，但更多的却是通过使用各种表示时间的连词、关系代词或介词将动作或事件的先后次序打乱。 离开教室时请把灯关掉。 Turn off the light before you leave the classroom. 我

9、访问了一些地方、遇到了不少人。要谈起来，奇妙的事儿可多着呢。 There are many wonderful stories to tell about the places I visited and the people I met.,2-1）根据时间顺序进行调整(2) 逆译,12,2-2）根据搭配需要进行调整,他有个女儿，在北京工作，已经打电话去了，听说明天就能回来。 He has a daughter, who works in Beijing. Someone has phoned her and it is said that she will be back tomorrow.

10、 His daughter, who works in Beijing, answered the phone and said she would be back tomorrow.,13,根据搭配需要调整语序主要集中在以下四个方面： 1、定语的位置 2、状语的位置 3、一系列表示时间或地点的词在一起时的先后顺序 4、叙事和表态的先后顺序,2-2）根据搭配需要进行调整（textbook from P.102-106）,14,2-2）根据搭配需要进行调整：定语的换序,1）新器件应满足所要求的条件。 The new device should satisfy the conditions req

11、uired. 2）在太空中有各种各样肉眼看不见的波。 There are various kinds of waves invisible to the naked eye in the aerospace. 3）日本和我们是一衣带水的邻邦。 Japan is our neighbor separated only by a narrow strip of water. 4）他是一位中国现代优秀作家。 He is an outstanding modern Chinese writer.,15,中国已经发展成为一个对全球极富吸引力的大市场。 China has developed into a

12、 big market (, which is) attractive to the rest of the world.,16,2-2）根据搭配需要进行调整：定语的换序,5）那是中国内地出版的第一份报纸。 That was the first newspaper published in inland China. 6) 到场的来宾中还有一些外宾。 The guests present included some foreign visitors. There are some foreign visitors among the guests present. 7) 那是今天该付的账单。

13、That is a bill due today. 8) 山东曲阜是中国古代著名的思想家、教育家孔子的故乡。 Qufu, Shandong Province, is the birthplace of Confucius, a well-renowned ancient Chinese thinker and educator. 9) 我们要把祖国建设成社会主义的现代化强国。 we will build our motherland into a modern powerful socialist country.,17,Exercise:,极其光荣伟大的事业 强大的社会主义工业国 国际经济新

14、秩序 一位朝鲜的青年舞蹈家 几千朵美丽的红玫瑰 一张木制小圆桌 党的坚强领导 他所有的朋友 县官行令杀国材：限定词+冠词+性质+年龄+颜色+国籍+原材料,a great and most glorious cause a powerful industrial socialist country a new international economic order a young Korean dancer thousands of beautiful red roses a small round wooden table the strong Party leadership All hi

15、s friends,18,2-2）根据搭配需要进行调整：状语的换序,汉语：主语+状语+谓语 or 状语+主语+谓语 英语：状语位置富于变化：句首、动词之前、助动词与动词之间、句末。注：较长的状语则往往放在句首或句末。,19,2-2）根据搭配需要进行调整：状语的换序,Mr. Kennedy apparently was hit by the first of what witness believed were three shots. 据目击者称，凶手共开了三枪，而肯尼迪显然是被第一枪击中的。 他们刚刚作了一项物理实验。 They have just made an experiment in

16、 physics. 尽管如此，我们对这件事情仍然不能掉以轻心。 Nevertheless, we should not treat the matter lightly. 我们一定要用一切可能的办法来帮助他们。 We must help them in every way possible. 这是能想得出的最好解决办法。 This is the best solution imaginable.,20,2-3）根据搭配需要进行调整：时间、地点、方式的状语先后顺序的调整,一系列表示时间或地点的状语连在一起时： 汉语：从大到小、从宽到窄、由远及近 英语：恰好相反 时间、地点和方式三种状语同时出现时

17、： 汉语状语的语序：时间状语地点状语方式状语动词 英语状语的语序：动词方式状语地点状语时间状语,21,Examples:,会议将于明天下午在教室举行。 The meeting will be held in the classroom tomorrow afternoon. 我们上星期天在她家饱餐了一顿。 We ate to our hearts content at her home last Sunday. 她每天早晨在室外高声朗读。 She reads aloud in the open every morning.,22,2-3）根据搭配需要进行调整：时间、地点、方式的状语先后顺序的调

18、整,1）他家住浙江杭州西湖路195号。 He lives at 195 West Lake Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang. 2）我校通信地址为：陕西省西安市未央大学园区陕西科技大学。 The post address of our university is Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, University Zone of Wei Yang District, Xian, Shaanxi Province, the Peoples Republic of China.,23,2-4）根据搭配需要进行调整：叙事与

19、表态先后顺序的调整,汉语：叙事通常在前，表态在后。 英语：表态在前，叙事在后。,24,2-4）根据搭配需要进行调整：叙事与表态先后顺序的调整,1）如蒙早日寄来样品或产品册，不胜感激。 It would be appreciated if samples and / or brochure could be forwarded to us. 2）我来到厦门中学教书，完全是一种意外的收获。 It has been an unexpected piece of luck for me to teach at Xiamen Middle School. 3）女主人已经离开人世，再没有人喂它了。它好像已

20、经意识到这一点。 He must have been aware that nobody was going to feed him after the death of his hostess. He seems to have realized that nobody was going to feed him after the death of his hostess.,25,3、按照逻辑顺序进行调整,1）知己知彼，百战不殆。 You can fight a hundred battles without defeat if you know the enemy as well as

21、yourself. If you know the enemy as well as yourself, you can fight a hundred battles without defeat. Know the enemy as well as yourself, and you will suffer no defeat. 2）生活中既有悲剧，文学作品就可以写悲剧。 Tragedies can be written in literature since there is tragedy in life/they are part of life.,26,4 根据信息重心进行调整,由

22、于距离远，又缺乏交通工具，使农村社会与外界隔绝，而这种隔绝，又由于通讯工具不足而变得更加严重。 译文1：Because there is a great distance and there are not enough transport facilities, the rural world is isolated. This isolation has become more serious because there are not enough information media. 译文2：The isolation of the rural world, because of di

23、stance and the lack of transport facilities, is compounded by the paucity of the information media.,27,我常见许多青年的朋友,2)聪明用功,3)成绩优异,4)而语文程度不足以达意,5)甚至写一封信亦难得通顺,6)问其故则曰其兴趣不在语文方面. 倘若完全按原文的句法特征将其译成英文,可能是: 1)I have come across a great many young friends, 2)Bright and diligent, 3)Do exceedingly well in studie

24、s, 4)but they are rather weak in Chinese, 5)even cant write a smooth Chinese letter. 6)When asked why, theyll say they are not interested in Chinese. 请看张培基先生的译文: I have come across a great many bright and diligent young friends who have done exceedingly well in their studies, but are rather weak in

25、Chinese. They cannot even write a letter in correct Chinese. When I asked them why, they said they were not interested in the Chinese language.,28,句内句间语序调整的主要内容：,按照时间顺序调整 按照搭配需要调整 根据逻辑顺序调整 根据信息重心调整,29,语序的调整,我们应该按照公认的国际规则，本着互谅互让的精神，通过对话协商，共同寻求解决分歧之道。 We should work together to explore ways to resolve

26、 disagreements through dialogue and consultation in accordance with international recognized principles and in the spirit of mutual understanding and accommodation.,30,我们的汽车停在大马路上。我们下了车，走进一条窄巷，路是石板铺砌的，两旁是些矮小的房屋。 (1) We parked our car by the side of a big road. We got out of it and walked into a narr

27、ow lane, which was paved with flagstones and lined with small houses. (2) After parking our car by the side of a big street, we alighted from the car and walked into a narrow flagged lane lined with small houses.,31,以独生子女为养育对象的中国式核心家庭类似无限责任公司，父母对子女的前途命运负无限责任。 A. The Chinese nuclear family, with a si

28、ngle child to bring up and educate, resembles an unlimited liability company, as the parents bear unlimited responsibility for the childs future development. B. The Chinese nuclear family, with a single child to bring up and educate, is not unlike a corporation with unlimited liabilities. In such a

29、family, the parents take unlimited responsibility for their childs future and development.,32,Tips：,1. 汉译英时，语序的调整大都不可避免。应能灵活自如地调整语序，使译文表意精准，地道自然。 2. 句内成分和句际之间是否衔接连贯，是否再现了原文的叙述视角与节奏，译文是否自然流畅等。 3. 不能拘泥与原文的语序，根据表意的需要和译文的效果，对语序进行圆熟灵活的调整。,33,第四节 换 序 译 法,练习题/将下列句子译成英语，注意使用换序译法 （1）他正在和一个穿着红色上衣和蓝色牛仔裤的女孩儿说话。

30、 （2）他很少骑自行车上班。 （3）来夏威夷之前我从来没见过如此美丽的地方。 （4）我们可以看见被太阳照亮的那部分月亮。 （5）村子中间有一条小河流过。 （6）你丈夫念书，你挣钱养家，他不会感到不自在吧！,34,第四节 换 序 译 法,练习题/将下列句子译成英语，注意使用换序译法 （8）把孩子一个人留在家里，太危险了。 （9）在展览会上，展出了许多中国最新的电子产品。 （10）帮助下岗职工再就业是这个组织的目的。 （11）我们永远不要放弃。 （12）早在1649年，俄亥俄州就规定：每个有50户或以上人口的城镇都必须建立学校。 （13）在经济全球化过程中，相当一部分发展中国家面临着被边缘化的危险，发展经济困难加剧，同发达国家的发展差距继续拉大。,35,第四节