TH250-斗式提升机设计(含13张CAD图纸、说明书)
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TH250-斗式提升机设计(含13张CAD图纸、说明书),TH250,提升,设计,13,CAD,图纸,说明书
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毕业设计(论文)英语翻译 学生姓名: 学 院: _ 机电工程学院 专业年级: 设计题目: 斗式提升机设计 起迄时间: 指导教师: 教研室负责人: 201 年 月 日Analyses of architectural engineering welding work safety managementAccording to the construction of the accident happened during construction, place and craft main links, we will often elements such as safety inspection work was divided into safety management, civilized construction of foundation excavation, scaffolding, and template engineering, the triple gem four mouth protection and construction of electricity, material hoist and topical elevator, crane, hoisting and construction machinery, etc, and ten projects to check in this 10 supervision and inspection work, we can see that the construction of electricity safety inspection work is the only thing runs throughout the whole construction phases, either in construction preparatory stage or basic subject stage, even adornment and completion of its inseparable, round off the phases of construction of electricity the importance of safety inspection work which is visible. In the construction of electricity work, electric welding operations wide application. For welding work workers and harmful gas, metal steam and dust, radiation, high frequency electromagnetic field, to overcome such contact, noise and rays to own and other health and safety, if great harm in equipment or operation on existing problems, could cause burns, fire, explosion, electric shock, poisoning accidents. Not only harm welding work personnel and other construction personnels life safety and body health, but also can make production unit and state property suffered heavy losses. Overview of the construction site safety accident in recent years, the more electric shock accidents happened in welding work process, how to strengthen the safety protection movement type electric, perfecting the homework personnel safety management should must also is the one of the key work of safety supervision. So carefully analyzes welding work brings hidden trouble is imminent, lets its electric arc welding characteristics, safe hidden trouble, accident causes, safety operation management these four aspects to unfold. One, the characteristics of electric arc welding 1. Arc characteristic Welding is using electricity converted to heat energy to metal heat welding method, electric arc welding is a melting welding arc, it use hot, place the electrode welding clearance movement along the front-end and workpiece formed local melting, weld connection. Arc is between the poles and workpiece in electrode in gas medium for discharge phenomenon, but also one of conductive form gas. Gas conductive phenomenon is in the outside world, under the action of high voltage electric field that gas formed ionization. Arc discharge, current can amount to hundreds of amps or more, but the voltage is not high only dozens of volts. Produced a great deal of heat, temperature arc can be as high as 80 , meanwhile, emits an intense ultraviolet, visible and infrared etc radiation. 2. The characteristics of welding machine Electric arc power, is must meet the requirements and arc starting steady arc burning and it is convenient to adjust current size etc. Characteristics. The power output voltage and current relationship called outside characteristics. The characteristic curve of electric sharply down type, i.e. current is equal to 60 80V no-load voltage ignition, as long as there are current arc, the voltage drop quickly, just change the distribution of electric welder place characteristic curve, can adjust welding current purpose, to meet the different thickness and different welding workpiece material requirements.Second, no security risk 1. Get an electric shock Welder contact electricity opportunity more, often charged homework, such as replacement electrodes and contact welding parts and welding torch, weld-ing clipper, contact artifacts (especially in the pipeline, container homework) and welding cable etc, as well as adjusting current and change frequently welding electrodes etc, some live working to stand in the welding operation, some even in humid basement or pit welding process, say in the electric in welder hands, feet and surrounding, if electrical failure or violate operating rules might have caused the electric shock accidents. And around the homework personnel how the external situation around, let us see the hidden danger lies: 1) in order to achieve the input cable diameter requirements, construction site into line electric by four core cable often combined into two root (phase line), lack of protection neutral (PE line). 2) welding use undeserved, sparks splash with feet if exposure will hand piece etc inflammables fire. 3) will cause short-circuit or overload electrical fire. 4) wire high operating more directly from falling, except the dangerous outside, still possible out of control, electric shock from falling secondary accidents. 2. ChenDu In arc welding and welding temperature, will happen evaporation and condensation and gasification, resulting in massive dust, ozone, nitrogen hydride etc and harmful smoke and toxic gases, poor ventilation if working environment, the long-term work make easily person poisoning. 3. Radiation The ultraviolet and infrared ray electric arc such radiation, if attention protection can cause eye and skin damage. 4. Fire Electric arc welding process, the high temperature and for welding arc welders and lines happen roadblocks, line old, overworked, cable connector caused by edm and high temperature and overheating slag splashing a danger such as fire, when near a flammable and explosive substances, will cause a fire and explosion accidents. Third, the cause 1. Get an electric shock accidents Current damage to human body is mainly electric shocks and electrical injury. Shock refers to the current through the bodys internal, damage the heart, lungs and neurological damage; Electrical injury refers to current chemistry or overheats, mechanical effect damage to human body, mainly directly or indirectly arc burns: usually said for electric shock accidents refers to shock, the overwhelming majority of shock and death accident is caused by electric shock. The welding process of electric shock accidents happened in reason has many and varied, general electric shock and basically has direct indirect shock two: 1) direct reasons: electric shock accidents (1) change electrodes and operation, hand or a bit contact electrodes and body parts, in the soldering turret etc charged while feet or other parts of the body to the ground and metal components and no insulation between protective measures, especially in steel surface or metal components on homework, the body of profuse sweating in shallowness, wet or welding damp places when electric shock accidents, easy to happen; (2) in wiring or adjust welding equipment, hand or a bit encounter wiring pile body, plate etc charged body and shock. 2) indirect electric shock accidents reasons (1) the welding equipment shell leakage, human body contact equipment shell and shock (2) the welding transformer with a winding between secondary winding insulation damage, transformer reverse connect or wrong pick high-voltage power, hand or a bit body naked conductor touch secondary circuits; 7 assignments of damaged cable, touch insulation of damaged switch electric power distribution box; (4) because of using metal structure or other metal objects lap as welding circuit and electric shock accidents happened; 2. Fire accident Welding work site does not make strict isolation inflammable goods, protective measures does not reach the designated position, monitoring and whole does not reach the designated position. 1) in the welding process parts around or below for hand piece, cooling tower: feet though, but cant prevent isolated welding sparks flowed. Especially high temperature summer season, the welding process prior to the feet wet hand piece under the condition of water protects the homework; Can shift (move) flammable items, does not make the move. 2) no earnestly implementing use flame examination system, the construction site high welding process or directly endanger the homework fire site is not implement safety guardian. Safety operation and management in order to protect ourselves and others operating worker safety, we must do the following: 1) to electric installation requirements (1) to the site or electric before use by the competent department, should be accepted, outdoor place should be stable and has rainproof measures have special welding machine, each machine the switch box and just one brake control, wiring and grounding work should be completed by the electrician. (2) should adopt the automatic switch control, cannot use manual switch (such as glue guy knife switch). Due to the general electric capacity is fairly large, and manual switch arcing ability is poor, connect and disconnect the power supply speed is slow, prone to arc and alternate with, so the fault codes, power line more than 5.5 kW, should use automatic switch control. (3) shall be ac welders except in switch cabinet furnish a leakage electricity protector beyond, still should be installed in the secondary side electric shock protector. (4) communication arc welding machine a side the power cord, and shall not anywhere insulation good must be dilatory, shall not be more than was the length, into line is in must set shield. Because a line relative secondary line speaking, voltage, high risk, so its length shall be controlled as far as possible, dont sweep the floor, and short add protective casing, prevent reinforced metal hang, smashing, pressure and other accidents. If must be extended when, should erect height in 2.5 m above, and fixed firm. Also requires lines connected with electric firm, the top tweeters, to prevent accidental injury should be shields and shock. (5) secondary circuit appropriate USES YHS welding type rubber slope sheath TongXin many strands, the length of cable flexible cable should be no more than as well. 6 welding work shall first check before the soldering machine and tools are in good condition and safe, such as soldering tweezers and welding cable insulation if there is any breakage place, welder shell should do protect grounding or meet zero and each termipoint of soldering are good, forbidden before security inspection began to operate. 7 in order to prevent hypertension (measure) into a low-pressure (second side) causing harm, exchange welder secondary side grounding or pick up shall be nil. 2 ) construction welder security operation In order to eliminate the electric insecure element and avoid electric shock accidents, welder should press the following points requirements operating welders. (1) homework personnel Welding work belongs to the special assignments, homework personnel must be approved by the professional safety technical training, examination, hold certificate of special operations shall be independent operation work. Must the prescribed protective work overalls, protective gloves and insulating shoes, still should keep homework site dry and clean. (2) the electric tweezers Use qualified electric tweezers. Can firmly clamping electrode and cable reliable connect, this is keep the key tweezers not abnormal fever. The soldering turret to have good insulation and forbids the use of homemade simple weld-ing clipper. (3) welding cable Welder input side using the three core cable cables shall be mm2), line diameter (in compliance with regulations. According to the electric welding current rating, match the input and output terminal cable and automatic air switch tripping device current:Table 1 A. welding cable in use multiple strands of fine copper wire electric cable, and without connectors by wiring nasal connection tweeters, prevent compaction twine at will cause looseness of contact undesirable, overheating, sparks phenomenon. Binding posts should set shield. B. welding cable length generally not more than 20 , a long will increase as conductor pressure drop. C. welding cable channel, must take across add sheath pipe etc, wear protective measures. D. verboten scaffold, metallic baluster, track and other metals lap instead of wires, prevent by bad contacts using electric shock accidents caused by fire and cause. (4) welding dont allow overloaded Electric use process does not allow overload, otherwise will in overheating and burned welders or cause a fire. Damage caused by overload, and insulation can also cause leakage and electrical shock hazards. (5) before welding equipment on the equipment, should first pick neutral grounding or pulled down after welding. Again 6 summer or high temperature operation, the body perspires and make clothes wet, forbidden on charged steel components or workpiece, avoid shock. 7 for welding work, should check before working environment, clear risk factors and setting fuarding personnel; As with other personnel and related facilities after close, should use screen protection and security interval etc assure the operation safety; When high welding operations, must hang your safety belt. 7 you must wear replace welding rods insulation glove, dont be barehanded; In charged cases you shouldnt put the soldering tweezers under your armpit to move welding workpieces or put welding cable hanging in head and neck. 9 in the basement or floor reinforced operations and other workplace narrow, damp environment, electric shock risk when soldering biggest, must take special protective measures. If use foot cushion by rubber sheets or other insulating liner, wear leather glove, wear insulating shoes, etc, in order to ensure the welder between body and welding insulation. Prohibit the use simple no insulation case electric tweezers; In the foundation pit welding based steel structure column oxided pole, oblique bar etc level, must have fuarding personnel present, can work. change welder welding joints, replace need to change after secondary circuits, transfer working place, welding machine maintenance work or when such as work suspension, must cut off power supply rear can operate. - + welding shall set up in rainproof and well ventilated place. Welding field not pile up flammable and explosive substances. According to the construction need, according to regional or standard welder appropriate setting, and high-level focus should be Numbers. - the bare electric conductive part + rotational part should be installed with safety cover, dc welders pose after the regulator is removed, the cabinet on the three-story exposed holes should be added. / - + electric power switch should separate Settings, dc electric power should adopt starter control. 0 - + decorate in outdoor welders shall set up in a dry place, and should set up tents cover. 1 - + welders shell should be reliable grounding, not many sets of tandem grounded.Combining with the above project site in the operation of reaction comes out specific feeling Condition, we will minimize security hidden danger until to zero, need me All participants are common unremitting efforts, the construction strictly according to provisions Ann The operation is imminent, after all human life only have once, lost Could not regenerate. 分析了建筑工程焊接工作的安全管理根据施工的意外事件的发生,在施工过程中,地方和工艺主要环节,我们常常要元素,例如安全检查工作分为安全管理、文明施工的基坑、脚手架、模板工程、三宝四口保护与建设的电力,物料提升机和局部电梯、吊车、起重运输机械、工程机械等,在10个项目监督检查这个10和验收工作,我们可以看到,电力建设的安全检查工作是唯一贯串整个施工阶段,不管是在施工准备阶段或基础学科的阶段,甚至装饰和完成它的密不可分,圆了电力建设阶段的安全检查工作的重要性是可见的。在施工过程中,电焊接作业时电工作获得了广泛的应用。进行电焊作业工人和有害气体,金属蒸汽和灰尘、辐射、高频电磁场,来克服这种接触、噪音、光线到自身和他人的健康和安全,如果巨大的伤害在设备或操作上存在的问题,就可能引起烧伤、火灾、爆炸、电击,中毒事故。不仅危害焊接工作人员和其他施工人员的生命安全和身体健康,而且能够使生产单位和国家财产遭受重大损失。概述施工现场的安全事故近年来,更触电事故发生在焊接工作的过程中,如何加强安全保护动作型电力、完善作业人员安全管理应该也必须是一种安全监督管理工作的关键所在。仔细分析焊接工作所以所带来的隐患是迫在眉睫的,让它的电弧焊接特点、安全隐患,事故原因、安全生产管理这四个方面来展开。一、电弧焊接的特点1。电弧特性焊接是采用电转换为热能金属热焊方法,电弧焊接是一种融焊接电弧,它是利用热,将电极焊接间隙运动形成沿前端和工件熔化、焊缝局部连接。电弧是一种两极之间在电极与工件在气体介质为放电现象,也是一个导电的形式气体。气体导电的现象是在外面的世界的作用下,高压电场气”形成电离”。电弧放电法、电流可达数百安培或更久,而不是高电压只有几十个伏特。产生大量热量,温度弧可高达80,与此同时,发出强烈的紫外线,可见光和红外线等辐射。2。焊接机的特点电弧电源,必须满足的需求和弧稳定电弧燃烧和方便地调节电流大小等。特征。功率输出电压和电流的关系称为“外特性”。电气特性曲线类型,即急剧下降到现在的电流等于60 80V空载电压点火,只要有了当前弧,电压会迅速下降,只要改变位置的分布特性曲线、电焊机焊接电流的目的,可以调整,以满足不同厚度、不同焊件材料要求。第二,没有安全隐患1。触电电焊接机的机会较多,经常接触带电作业,如更换零件和电极和接触焊焊炬、焊钳、接触工件(特别是在管道、容器等)和焊接电缆作业,还有调节电流和频繁改变焊条等,有的生活工作始终站在焊接操作,有些人甚至在潮湿的地下室或坑内焊接过程中,电在焊工说手、脚和周边,如果电气故障或违反操作规程,有可能引起触电事故。作业人员如何和周围的外部局面,让我们看到了隐藏的危险在于:1)为了实现输入电缆直径的要求,施工现场进线电缆通常由四个核心电组合成两根(相线),缺乏保护中性(PE线)。2)焊接使用不当,火花溅着脚如果暴露,将手片等易燃的火。3)将导致短路和过载电气火灾。4)线的高操作更直接从下跌,除了危险外,还可能失去控制,电击掉落二次事故。2。成都在电弧焊接和焊接温度,会发生蒸发、凝结和气化,导致大量尘埃、臭氧、氮氢化物等有害烟尘和有毒气体,通风不良的工作环境,如果长期工作易使人中毒。3。辐射紫外线和红外线辐射时,电弧这样若不注意保护可以引起眼睛和皮肤损伤。4。火电弧焊接工艺,气温高,对焊接电弧焊机和线条,线条老了,发生障碍引起的劳累,电缆连接电火花加工和高温过热溅渣护炉是一种危险的如火,当附近有易燃易爆物品,将会引起火灾和爆炸事故。第三,原因1。触电事故目前对人体的伤害主要电击和电损伤。休克指的是当前通过身体的内部,造成心、肺和神经损伤;电气伤指的是当前化学或过热时,力学效应对人体的伤害,主要是直接或间接电弧烧伤:通常说为触电事故是指休克,绝大多数的休克及死亡事故是由于电击。在焊接过程中触电事故发生的原因有多种多样,通用电气的震惊和主要有两种:直接间接冲击直接原因:1)触电事故(1)改变电极和操作、手或有点接触电极和身体部位,在焊钳等指控而脚或身体的其他部分到地面和金属部件和非绝缘材料之间的保护措施,特别是在钢的表面或者金属部件在家庭作业上,身体大量出汗、潮湿或在水潭潮湿的地方,当焊接触电事故,容易发生;(2)在接线或调整焊接设备、手或有点遇到布线桩身、盘等带电体和休克。2)间接触电事故的原因(1)焊接设备外壳泄漏,人体接触设备外壳和休克(2)之间的焊接变压器绕组绝缘损坏,二次绕组变压器反接或错接高压、手、有点身体赤裸的导体接触二次回路;7作业受损的电缆的绝缘损坏,触摸开关电力配电箱;(4)因用金属结构或其他金属物品一圈焊接电路和触电事故发生;2。火灾事故焊接工作场所不做严格隔离可燃物资、防护措施不到位,监测和整体不到位。一)在焊接过程中部分为手周围或低于冷却塔:脚块,虽然,但不能阻止隔离焊接火花四溅。尤其是夏季高温季节,焊接过程中事先对脚湿手块的条件下,水保护作业;转移(移动)易燃品
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