过去分词作定语和表语_Grammar.ppt

1、The Past Participle (1) as the Attribute and Predicative 过去分词作定语和表语,Unit 1 Grammar,a lighted candle,一支点燃的蜡烛,a used stamp,一枚用过的邮票,Translation,a broken coin,一枚破损的硬币,一名退休教师,a retired teacher,an injured finger,一个受伤的手指,一个醉鬼,a drunken/ drunk man,基本形式和意义,过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式， 表示完成和被动的动作。它在句子中可以充当定语、 表语、宾语补足语和状语

2、，不可以单独构成谓语。过去分词的基本形式是“动词+-ed”，也有不规则的形式。,The Past Participle,- Look at the excited boy! Why is he so happy? - He has got the first prize in the contest. - No wonder he is excited!,Look at the dialogue and find the use of the past participle.,单个过去分词或由过去分词构成的复合形容词作定语时，通常置于被修饰的名词之前；当修饰不定代词时，放在不定代词之后。 表示

3、被动或完成意义。,过去分词作定语,例如： 1) an honored guest a retired teacher 2) Everybody invited is expected to arrive at least 15 minutes early. 3) The Great Wall is a well-known tourist attraction,Leave的过去分词left表示“剩下的，剩余的”时候，常置于被修饰词之后。 如： Dont worry. There is half an hour left.,2. 过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。

4、 例如： For breakfast he only drinks juice from the fresh fruit _ on his own farm. A. grown B. being grown C. to be grown D. to grow 分析：grown on his farm 相当于限定性定语从句 which/ that are grown on his own farm,The disc, digitally _ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night. A. recorded B. recor

5、ding C. to be recorded D. having recorded 分析： digitally recorded in the studio 相当于非限定性定语从句 which is digitally recorded in the studio,e.g. The books written by Lu Xun are popular Well go to visit the bridge built hundreds of years ago With the governments aid, those affected by the earthquake have mo

6、ved to the new settlements.,3. 一些不及物动词也有过去分词形式。由于不及物动词不可以直接加宾语，所以其过去分词作定语时只表示完成，没有被动意义。 例如： fallen leaves the risen sun the advanced countries a retired teacher newly-arrived goods,动词-ed形式作定语 和 动词-ing形式作定语 有什么区别呢？,1）语态不同 -ing表主动、进行；-ed表被动、完成,the changing world the changed world,（正在变化的）,（变化了的）,（正在沸腾的

7、),（已经沸腾过的）,(正在凋谢的),（已经凋谢的）,(发展中的),（发达的）,2）时间关系不同 -ing 表示“正在 进行”或“与谓语动词同时进行”或“经常性”。 -ed 表示动作先于谓语动词表示的动作。,Do you know the boy lying under the big tree? “Cant you read?”Mary said, angrily pointing to the notice. The house built about 50 years ago was damaged in an earthquake.,3）及物动词的过去分词与现在分词的被动式都可表示被动

8、, 但-ed表示一个完成了的动作, 而being done多表示一个正在进行的动作。,The problem discussed yesterday has something to do with us. The problem being discussed now has something to do with us. The building being built is our library.,The Olympic Games, _ in 776 B. C., didnt include women until 1912. A. first playing B. to be f

9、irst played C. first played D. to be playing,考点点拨,简析: 首先, 根据语法分析可知, 待选部分是一个作定语、修饰 The Olympic Games的后置分词短语; 再根据 The Olympic Games 对于动词 play 来说只能是被动承受, 且已完成 (in 776 B. C.)。因此, 该题应选C。,2. Whats the language _ in Germany? A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak,简析: 该题应选B。测试过去分词作后 置定语表达被动, 等于定语从句

10、which is spoken。,3. Most of the artists _ to the party were from South Africa. A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited,简析: 该题应选A。测试过去分词作后置 定语表达被动, 等于定语从句who were invited。,4. The computer centre, _ last year, is very popular among the students in this school. A. open B. opening C

11、. having opened D. opened,简析: 该题应选D。测试过去分词短语作 定语放在所修饰的名词后, 可以用非限制 性定语从句“which was opened last year”代替。,5. The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written,简析: 该题应选D。测试过去分词作后 置定语表达被动, 等于定语从句th

12、at were written。,另外, 分词作状语时, 如果其逻辑主语与整个句子的主语不一致时,需要独立主格结构或 with 复合结构来替代。(此时, 也可把该分词看成介词的宾语补足语。),例: The murderer was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back. A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied,简析: 很显然, 待选部分的逻辑主语是 his hands, 而不是句子的主语 The murderer, 而 his hands 对于动词 tie来说, 只能是被 动承受。

13、因此, 该题应选D。,1. 过去分词作表语，表示主语的特点或 所处的状态，与被动语态结构相似，主要是 表示动作的完成和状态，相当于一个形容词 其前的系动词有包括be在内的多种形式。 如： Everyone present was very inspired at his speech 听了他的发言，在场的所有人都很振奋。 You seem frightened. 你似乎受了惊吓。,过去分词作表语,过去分词作表语，强调主语的特点或状态，相当于形容词； 被动语态中，句子主语是动作的承受者，后面常跟by。 例如： This shop is closed (状态) This shop is close

14、d by the local government. (动作),2. 过去分词作表语，构成的系表结构 与被动语态的区别,3.一些表示情感的动词的过去分词以及其他一些词的过去分词常作表语。除了与be连用之外，也可以与appear, become, feel, get, grow, look, remain, seem等系动词连用。,可以用作表语的常见的过去分词有： connected crowded covered gone tired delighted disappointed upset surprised pleased astonished excited frightened exp

15、erienced interested qualified puzzled exhausted satisfied drunk known married lost separated amused worried broken,Complete the sentences using the past participle as the predicative.,1. 丢了钱他自责不已。 He _ about losing the money. 2. 你为什么总是看上很疲劳？这些日子睡 得好吗？ Why do you always _ ? Do you sleep well these da

16、ys?,got blamed,look so tired,3. 我对昨晚看的电影很失望。我原以为它 能好些。 I _ the film I saw last night. I had expected it to be better. 4. 听说那位明星死了，人人都很惊讶。 Everybody _to hear the death of the famous film star,was disappointed with,was shocked,5. 要去动物园了，孩子们非常兴奋。 The children _ going to the zoo 6. 他的伤口感染了一种新病毒。 His wou

17、nd _ a new virus,are really excited about,became infected with,1. _ in the traffic accident _ taken to hospital. A. An injured, was B. The injured, has C. The injuring, were D. The injured, have been,Choose the best answer.,2. The girl _ forward to buying a new gold watch. A. referred to look B. referred to looking C. referred to looks D. referring to looks,3. From the date _ on the gold coin, we decided that it was made 500 years ago. A. marking B. marked C. to be marked D. having been marked,4. Experts think that we need to eat meat because it contains vitamins and min