6 恰当地翻译实词.ppt

1、第六讲：恰当地翻译实词,刻舟求剑 一个人在乘摆渡过河时把剑掉在河里。他立即在船侧刻了个记号。 “刻记号有什么用呢？”有人问他。 他说：“剑是从这儿掉下去的。船一靠岸我就从刻记号的地方跳下水去摸我的剑。,刻舟求剑 一个人在乘摆渡过河时把剑掉在河里。他立即在船侧刻了个记号。 “刻记号有什么用呢？”有人问他。 他说：“剑是从这儿掉下去的。船一靠岸我就从刻记号的地方跳下水去摸我的剑。,Marking the Boat to locate the Sword A man was ferrying across a river when his sword fell into the river. He

2、lost no time in marking the side of the boat. “Why did you make marks there?” others asked him. “This is where my sword dropped. When the boat is moored, I will get into the water to look for my sword by the place I marked.”,谨记三句箴言： 结构不可译，语意可译； 词典意不可靠，语境重要； 参考译文只参考，译对就好。,翻译过程描述,凡事从好处想，这种能耐，在现实生活中，确能

3、使人受益无穷。 look on the bright side ability/attitude real life benefit inestimable The attitude of always looking on the bright side of things will definitely be of inestimable benefit to us in our real life. 温家宝说，中国的发展必须是全面的，改革也必须是全面的。这意味着，经济领域改革的成功应可以向其他领域衍射。 He said _ _must be _, and _ must be _too.

4、which means that the _in _ of _ _ should be able to be _ to other areas.,Chinese development,comprehensive,reform,comprehensive,successes,areas,economic,diffused,reform,实词的选择指：实词的词性、位置、删、加 实词决定着句子的意义。 实词的选择 “最常见、最严重、最大的问题所在”。 初学者往往望文生义、断章取义，造成令人啼笑皆非的“不忠”的后果。,实词的选择,句子结构,文化语境,上下文,语感,大儿子是一个非凡的水手：坚强、勇敢、

5、尽职，而且富于冒险精神。 可是，在一次暴风雨中，这个儿子以他的大胆和勇猛葬身于大海的狂涛骇浪里了。,试译：,大儿子是一个非凡的水手：坚强、勇敢、尽职，而且富于冒险精神。 The eldest was an extraordinary sailor brave, dutiful, tough and adventurous. 关于形容词的顺序，可根据对译文的感觉和需要作调整，这里以”brave”开始，接着说”dutiful”，也算自然，再把”tough and adventurous” 放在一起，搁在后面，因为这二者的意思联系更紧密。,译例分析,可是，在一次暴风雨中，这个儿子以他的大胆和勇猛葬身

6、于大海的狂涛骇浪里了。 But one day he was caught in a tempest and this brave and tough son of his was engulfed in the stormy waves. “在一次暴风雨中”，译成 “one day he was caught in a tempest”有在海上遭遇暴风雨的意思，比简单译成 “in a tempest”要生动，使全句有平衡感；“（以他的）大胆和勇猛”在原文属名词，在“this brave and tough son”里属形容词，结合下文的 “葬身于” 考虑，这样处理是可以的，更符合英语语言习惯

7、。,译例分析,天气真冷，在寒气中一切都仿佛结了冰。便是空气，也像快要冻结的样子。 It was bitterly cold. In that glacial atmosphere everything seemed turned to ice, the air itself as if on the point of freezing. 这地方是个长潭的转折处， 两岸是高大壁立千丈的山，山头上长着小小竹子，长年翠色逼人。 This place, at a bend in a long lake, was flanked by high cliffs on the peaks of which

8、grew small bamboos, an enchanting emerald the whole year round.,试思考下句中实词的译法,在四川西部，有一美妙的去处。它背倚岷山主峰雪宝顶，树木苍翠，花香袭人，鸟声婉转，流水潺潺。这就是松潘县的黄龙。 One of Sichuans finest scenic spots is Huanglong (Yellow Dragon), which lies in Songpan County just beneath Xuebao, the main peak of the Minshan Mountains. Its lush gre

9、en forests, filled with fragrant flowers, bubbling streams, and songbirds, are rich in historical interest as well as natural beauty.,译例分析,望文生义究其原因是对英文的不理解，而断章取义则没能够联系上下文。 实词的选择不应该死板，应该融入句子结构、意义当中，也应该融进文化当中。 因此，译文中的实词需要： 不能完全照搬词典意义，要根据上下文选择含所需意义的单词。（同词异译、异词同译；选词的依据上下文：“上下文具有决定性的权威”） 考虑到句型、句子的结构、文体等特

10、点，找一些同义替换词，或者常常需要词性的转换。（多样化对等、词性转换和词汇变换） 考虑到文化特点，慎重选词。译新词的时候也要注意词义清晰、无歧义。（词的反译）,Read through Lecture 9, find out the proper translation for the words below,中国金融界：_ 秦淮河夜景： _ 高级工程师： _ 鱼肝油： _ 试衣间： _ 初装费： _ 真空包装： _ 水果摊： _ 一次性筷子： _ 一次性注射器： _ 周润发： _ 左和右： _,Read through Lecture 9, find out the proper trans

11、lation for the words below,中国金融界：Chinese financial circle 秦淮河夜景： a view of Qinhuai River at night 高级工程师：senior engineer 鱼肝油：cod-liver oil 试衣间：dressing room 初装费：startup fee 真空包装：shrink-wrap; cling-wrap 水果摊：Fruit stands 一次性筷子：throwaway chopsticks 一次性注射器：disposable syringe 周润发：Chow Yun-fat 左和右：right an

12、d left,时下很潮的词汇汉英对照,微博 Microblog/ Tweets 亚健康 sub-health 愤青 young cynic 人肉搜索 flesh search 精神出轨 soul infidelity 剩女 3S lady（single，seventies, stuck）/ left girls 异地恋 long-distance relationship 山寨 copycat 学术界 academic circle,偶像派 idol type 伪球迷 fake fans 团购 group buying 挑食者 picky-eater 炫富 flaunt wealth 桑拿天

13、sauna weather 二房东 middleman landlord 笑料 laughing stock 暗淡前景 bleak prospects 房奴车奴 mortgage slave,时下很潮的词汇汉英对照,万事通 know-it-all 毕业典礼 commencement 具有时效性的 time-efficient 逃学 play hooky 吉利的日子 saints days 发烧友： fancier 贸易顺差 trade surplus 二奶：kept woman 麦霸：Mic king / Mic queen,菜鸟：rookie 另类：offbeat 娘娘腔：sissy 负翁：

14、spend-more-than-earn 裸奔：streaking 百搭：all-match 情侣装：couples dress 合租：flat-share 八卦，丑闻：kiss and tell 水货：smuggled goods,Journalists take photos of flood water being released from the Three Gorges Dams floodgates in Yichang, in central Chinas Hubei province on July 20, 2010. 2010.7.20 中国中部省份湖北宜昌，记者在拍摄三峡

15、大坝闸门泄洪。,A military officer helps members of an honor guard line up before the arrival of Ukrainian President Viktor Yanukovich during a welcoming ceremony at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, China Thursday, Sept. 2, 2010. 2010.9.2，周四，北京人民大会堂。在乌克兰总统维克托努科维奇抵达前的欢迎仪式上，一名军官正在帮助仪仗队员列队。,A visitor p

16、rays as she burns joss sticks at the City God Temple in Shanghai on the Mid-Autumn Festival Wednesday, Sept. 22, 2010. 2010.9.22，中秋，上海城隍庙，一名游客正在焚香祈祷。,A military officer instructs college freshmen during a military training program at a college in Suining, Sichuan province September 9, 2010. Most Chi

17、nese university students are required to go through military training to enhance patriotism and self-discipline when they enter universities in China. 2010.9.9，四川遂宁，一名军官正在指挥大一新生军训。大部分中国大学生都需要在入学时进行军训，以增强爱国主义精神和自律品质。,Children play as villagers gather their belongings together while relocating to make

18、 way for the South-North Water Diversion Project in Yunxian county, Hubei province August 29, 2010. The relocation for the building of the central route of the project, which will be finished by 2014, will involve 330,000 residents - 180,000 in Hubei and 150,000 in the neighboring Henan province. Th

19、e project is designed to take water from a section of Chinas largest river, the Yangtze, to satisfy demand in north Chinas drought-prone megacities - Beijing and Tianjin, Xinhua News Agency reported. 2010.8.29，湖北郧县，应南水北调工程的要求，村民们收拾细软等待安置，儿童们在玩耍。该工程的主体路线2014年竣工，涉及搬迁居民约33万人湖北18万，其临近省份河南15万。据新华社报道，该工程目

20、的是引长江之水供给北京、天津等中国北方易旱城市。,十二生肖英译,十二生肖英译,Mouse? Rat ? Mouse: a small furry animal with a long tail. Rat: an animal that looks like a large mouse with a long tail; (Fig) someone who has been disloyal to you or deceived. Mickey Mouse Mouse 鼠标,Bull? Ox? Bull: an adult male animal of the cattle family. Ox

21、: a bull whose sex organs have been removed, often used for working on farms etc. Bull fighting 斗牛 Bull market 牛市 Bull 公牛队,十二生肖英译,Hare? Rabbit ? Hare: an animal like a rabbit but larger, that can run very quickly. Rabbit: a common small animal with long ears and soft fur, that lives in a hole in the

22、 ground. Run with the hare and hunt with hounds 两面讨好,Sheep? Goat? Sheep: a grass-eating farm animal that is kept for its wool and its meat. Goat: an animal a little like a sheep that can climb steep hills and rocks. Make sheeps eyes at (傻乎乎地)向某人送秋波 A wolf in sheeps clothing Old goat 老色鬼 Separate the sheep from the goat,十二生肖英译,Co