定语从句 (4)

1、定语从句复习,zhengxianlan,1.定语从句： 修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。,定义及相关术语,2.先行词： 被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。,That is the teacher who teaches us English. Those who want to go to the park are girls.,_ （名词）,_ （代词）,3.关系词： 引导定语从句的词叫关系词。,Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way. Football is a game which is

2、liked by most boys. I still remember the day when I first came to this school. He has a friend whose father is a doctor.,that which who whom whose as 等,when where why等,关系词通常有下列三个作用： A.引导定语从句； B.代替先行词； C.在定语从句中担当一个成分。,The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.,关系代词的用法,关系代词在从句中可以：,何时可

3、以省略？,关系代词的用法,关系代词在从句中可以：,何时可以省略？,做宾语时可以省略,Join the following sentences: A plane is a machine. The machine can fly.,先行词和关系词的关系,Join the following sentences: A plane is a machine. The machine can fly. A plane is can fly.,关系代词的实质,the machine,a machine,that/which,关系代词的实质,Join the following sentences: Th

4、e girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.,关系代词的实质,Join the following sentences: The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday. we saw yesterday is Mary.,her,The girl,关系代词的实质,Join the following sentences: The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday. we saw yesterday is Mary.,her,The girl,关系代词的实质,Join the following s

5、entences: The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday. we saw yesterday is Mary.,her,The girl,关系代词的实质,Join the following sentences: The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday. we saw yesterday is Mary.,her,The girl,that / who,先行词和关系词的关系,1.A plane is a machine that can fly. 2.The boy who broke the window is c

6、alled Tom. 3.The boy whose parents are dead was brought up by his grandfather.,the machine = that,the boy =who,the boys =whose,关系代词实际上是先行词的复指,关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格,关系代词的用法练习,1.The eggs were not fresh. I bought them yesterday. 2.The friend was not hungry. He came to supper last night. 3.He prefers the

7、cheese. It comes from his parents farm. 4.The noodles were delicious. You cooked them. 5.I dont like the people. They smoke a lot.,The eggs (that/which) I bought them were not fresh.,The friend who/ that he came to supper last night was not hungry.,He prefers the cheese that / which it comes from hi

8、s parents farm.,The noodles( which/ that )you cooked them were delicious.,I dont like the people that / who they smoke a lot.,I still remember . I came here,the day,on the day,I still remember I came here,the day,on the day,I still remember . I came here,the day,on the day,I still remember I came he

9、re,the day,on the day,when,This is the house. I lived last year in the house This is the house I lived last year,in the house,where,There are many reasons . People like traveling for many reasons .,There are many reasons people like traveling.,for many reasons,why,关系副词和先行词的关系,I still remember the da

10、y when I came here. This is the house where I lived last year. There are many reasons why people like traveling. I dont like the way that you speak.,on the day =when,in the house= where,for the reasons =why,in the way =that,关系副词实际上是介词先行词,Ill never forget the days_we worked together. Ill never forget

11、 the days _ we spent together. I went to the place I worked ten years ago. I went to the place _ I visited ten years ago. This is the reason _ he was late. This is the reason _ he gave.,when /in which,which,where/ in which,which,why/ for which,that/which,几种易混的情况,及物动词,及物动词,及物动词,解题点拨: 看引导词在定语从句中充当什么成分

12、；若是作状语, 就用where, when, why等关系副词；若是作主语、宾语或定语，则用关系代词that, which, whom, whose等。,1). a. The reason _he missed the speech is that he forgot the time. b. The reason_he gave us sounded reasonable. 2). a. Ill never forget the day _we spent together in Paris. b. Ill remember the day_we stayed together at tha

13、t time.,why,(which/that),when,(which/that),关系代词与关系副词的区别,返回目录,3). a. Is this the factory_ we visited last year? b. Is this the house _Lincoln once lived? c. Is this house _ we visited last year?,(which/that),where,解题点拨: 看引导词在定语从句中充当什么成分； 若是作状语, 就用where, when, why等关系副词； 若是作主语、宾语或定语，则用关系代词that, which,

14、whom, whose等。,the one,返回目录,难用的 whose,The teacher praised the student. HisEnglish is the best in our class.,The teacher praised the student whose English is the best in our class.,Join the following pair of sentences.,whose =the students,关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格,难用的 whose,The house is mine. The window of

15、the house is broken.,Join the following pair of sentences.,The house whose window is broken is mine.,whose=the houses window,The house is mine.,the window of which is broken,of which the window is broken,定语从句,The Restrictive Attributive Clause 限制性定语从句,The Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause 非限制性定语从句,

16、插入成分,修饰限定,补充解释,能,不能,.的,非限制性定语从句,Please compare:,Teachers who are kind are popular with the students. Mr Wang, who is kind, is popular with the students.,The town where I live is beautiful. Kenli, where I live, is beautiful.,Teachers who are kind are popular with the students. Mr Wang, who is kind, i

17、s popular with the students.,分析两种定语从句省略后的结果,The town where I live is beautiful. Kenli, where I live, is beautiful.,分析两种定语从句省略后的结果,限制性定语从句省略后主语所指就不明确，所以不能省略,as 引导的非限制性定语从句,The earth is round._ is known to all. The earth is round,_ is known to all. _ is known to all, the earth is round _ is known to a

18、ll that the earth is round.,It,which / as,As,It,as 具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的，如： as you know/ as you see/as we planned/ as we expected,定语从句在句首时只能用as,as 引导的非限制性定语从句 (1),This is the same pen as I lost. This is the same pen that I lost.,Please compare:,这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。,这本书就是我丢的那本。,as 引导的限制性定语从句 (2),This is suc

19、h an interesting book _ we all like. This is so interesting a book _ we all like. This is such an interesting book _we all like it. This is so interesting a book _we all like it.,as,that,Please complete the following sentences and compare:,as,that,这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。(定语从句),这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。(结果状语从句),非限制性定

20、语从句和单句的比较,2.He failed in the exam._ made his parents angry. 3.He failed in the exam, _made his parents angry.,4.He has two sons. Both of _ are teachers. 5.He has two sons, both of _ are teachers.,It This,which,whom,them, that,1.I am reading Harry Porter, _is an interesting book.,which,3. _ is known

21、to all, he is the best student. 4. Jim passed the driving test, _ surprised everybody in the office.,As,which,考点四：as的用法,asthatwhich 1. It is such a big stone _ nobody can lift. 2. It is such a big stone _ nobody can lift it.,as,that,归纳：as引导限制性定语从句先行词前常被such, the same, so, as 修饰，即构成suchas , the same

22、as, soas, 结构，做题时容易忽略。as在定语从句中应充当成分如：主语、宾语或表语。as 与which引导非限制性定语从句都能指代整句内容，但定语从句位于句首时，只能用 as, 意为“正如、恰如”。 as 用于as+主语+谓语或as+被动谓语结构中,如:as we all know, as is well known, as we had expected, as is natural, etc.,考点四：as的用法,做题技巧?, 当主句中出现such 或so 时,看后面从句是否 缺主语或宾语:,(1)缺主语或宾语,从句前用as, 引导定语从句,(2)不缺主语和宾语,从句前用that,引

23、导结果状语从句, 当主句中出现the same时, 后面从句缺主语 或宾语时与as搭配表同一类事物,与that搭配 表同一个事物,模拟训练 ：,1. He is such a lazy man_ nobody wants to work with_. A. as; him B. that; / C. as; / D. whom; him 2. Mrs. Black took the police back to_ place _ she witnessed the robbery. A. the same; as B. the same; where C. the same ; that D.

24、 as the same; as,1.He did all / everything _he could to help me. 2.This is the very thing _ I am after. 3.We talked about the men and the things _ we remembered at school. 4.He is the only man _ can do the work. 5.This is the first thing _ I want to say. 6.He is the finest man _ I have ever worked w

25、ith. 7.Who is the man _ spoke to you at the gate. 8.Which is the star _ is nearest to the earth.,that , which or who?,that,that,that,that,that,that,that,that,preposition+which（指物） preposition+whom (指人） How to choose the right prepositions,1. 介词的确定方法,The money _ which you were to buy dog food is gone

26、. He will never forget the day _ which he failed in the exam.,根据先行词来确定,on,with,We thought you were a person _ whom we could expect good decisions. The West Lake, _ which Hangzhou is famous, is a beautiful place.,根据定语从句中的谓语动词或形容词确定,for,from,Air, _ which man cant live, is really important.,根据定语从句所表达的意

27、义来确定,without,The pen _which he is writing now was bought yesterday.,with,2. 介词的位置 一般情况下，介词一般放在关系代词which和whom之前，也可放在动词后。 This is the man _ I learned the news from. This is the man _ I learned the news.,from whom,(who/whom/that),This is the room _ we lived in last year.,(that/which),in which,This is t

28、he room_ we lived last year.,Is this the watch that you are looking for? The old man whom I am looking after is better .,在固定短语中介词不能提前,下面两句中的介词能提前吗?,固定搭配的动词短语中的介词一般不能提前. 常见的这类动词短语有: look for/after/forward to, care for(照顾，喜欢） hear of/about/from, take care of等. This is the right place Im looking for. T

29、he girl whom he is looking after is his sister.,1. Do you like the book _she spent $10? 2. Do you like the book _she paid $10? 3. Do you like the book _ she learned a lot? 4. Do you like the book _ she often talks?,on which,for which,from which,about which,介词+关系代词的使用,Practice,5. The man _ I spoke on

30、 the phone last night is very good at writing. 6. Glasses, _ I cant see clearly, are really important for me. 7. China is a beautiful country, _ we are proud. 8. Do you remember the day _ you joined our club?,to whom,without which,of which,on which,This is the teacher whose daughter is a famous doct

31、or. =This is the teacher_ is a famous doctor.,1.名词+介词+关系代词,常见结构拓展,the daughter of whom,Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase（花瓶）, _ was very reasonable（合理的）. A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose,We have three foreign teachers, _are from Canada. (其中的两个）,2.数词+介词+

32、关系代词(含基数词，序数词，分数和百分数）,two of whom,The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% _ are sold abroad. A. of which B. which of C. of them D. of that,3. 代词+介词+关系代词（代词有all, both, none, neither, either, some, any等）,The old woman has two sons, _ are teachers.（两个都是）,both of whom,Last wee

33、k, two persons came to see the house, _wanted to buy it. A. both of they B. neither of whom C. both of them D. all of whom,4. 形容词最高级+介词+关系代词,China has thousands of islands, _ is Taiwan Island.（其中最大的）,the largest of which,There are two buildings, _ stands nearly a hundred feet high. A. the larger B.

34、the larger of them C. the larger one that D. the larger of which,5.介词+关系代词+名词,He spent four years in college, _ he studied medicine.（在那段时间内）,during which time,In the office, I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m., _ time many people have gone home. A. whose B. that C. on which D. by which,基

35、础知识回顾: 关系词及其意义,指代人 指代事物 所属关系 指地点 指时间 指原因,who, whom, that, as which, that, as whose where when why,归纳总结,做题技巧?,先分析定语从句中缺少什么成分,that/who,that/which,(that/who/whom),(that/which),whose/of whom,whose/of which,A “Model Worker(劳动模范) should be hard-working and brave. He should also be a person _ is able to st

36、and hardship. Xiao Shenyang is just a person making people laugh. He should not be considered a Model Worker.,who/that,Do you think XiaoShengyang should be considered a “Model Worker”?,The Peoples Republic of China(中华人民共和国), _was founded in 1949, celebrates the 60th anniversary of its founding on Oc

37、tober 1st, 2009.,which,When did you come here?,When did you come here?,When did you come here?,When did you come here?,We came here on Oct.12 , 2005.,It was the day _ we were sent into the space.,when,(on which),Where do you work and live?,Where do you work and live?,Where do you work and live?,Wher

38、e do you work and live?,hi,space capsule,We work and live in a space capsule(太空舱).,It is a place _ an astronaut works and lives.,where,(in which),What are you doing now?,Im having my blood pressure(血压) taken.,Im taking pictures.,Can you tell me the reason_ you are taking pictures?,why,/for which,We

39、celebrate the 60th anniversary (周年纪念日) of the founding of the PRC on October 1st, 2009.,I will never forget the day _ we celebrate the 60th anniversary of the founding of the PRC.,when/on which,Hong Kong returned to China on July 1st, 1997.,The day _ Hong Kong returned to China will never be forgott

40、en.,when (on which),I often go shopping in Times Supermarket.,Times supermarket is the place _I often go shopping.,where,(in which),Can you tell me the reason _ you are so late?,why/for which,Whether to use a relative pronoun or a relative adverb?,要确定使用关系代词还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词: (1)及物动词后面无宾语,用关系代词. 常见

41、的及物动词有visit, spend, expect, explain, etc,； (2)不及物动词后无介词时,用关系副词.常见的不及物动词有work, live, come, go,etc.,This is the factory _ I worked before. This is the factory _ I visited before. This is the factory _ I worked in. This is the factory in _I worked.,where/in which,(which/that),(which/that),which,I will

42、never forget the days _ we worked together. I will never forget the days _ we spent together. I will never forget the days during _we worked together.,when/during which,(that/which),which,This is the reason _ I was late. The reason _ he gave us was reasonable(合理的).,why/for which,(that/which),Practic

43、e makes perfect!,May you succeed in your studies!,Thank you!,Complete the following sentences using which/that, why,where , when or preposition+which(whom).,1. Hangzhou is the place _ I went last summer.,2. He read the book _ his sister had told him about.,3. The reason _ Peter is so happy is that h

44、e passed the exam.,where/to which,which/that,why/for which,4. I remember the day _ my father died. I was only ten years old at that time.,5. Please give me the reason _ you were late this time.,6. I will go back to the place _ I grew up and live there forever.,when/on which,why/for which,where/in/at

45、 which,China is a beautiful country, _ _ we are proud. Do you remember the day _ _ you joined our club? This is the house _ _ I lived two years ago. In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ _ she could turn for help. In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ _ she could ask for help

46、.,of,on which,in which,to whom,from whom,which,III. Fill in the blanks with “preposition+which/whom”:,6.In his room, we saw a big table _ _ there were 3 magazines. 7.Glasses, _ _I cant see clearly, are really important for me. 8.This is the man _ _ I learned the news. 9. The pen _ _ I write every da

47、y is broken. 10.The man _ _ I bought the picture is over 80. 11.Can you give me some paper _ _ I can write a note?,on,without which,from whom,with which,for /from whom,on,which,which,12.I think the way _ _ some of you learn English is not correct. 13. Family fights are the things _ _ I feel upset. 1

48、4.Do you know the woman _our teacher is talking? 15. This is the desk _ Lu Xun used to sit studying.,in which,about which,with/ about whom,at which,Test yourself,1. American women usually identify (表明）their best friend as someone _ they can talk frequently. A. who B. as C. about which D. with whom 2

49、. The English play _ my students acted at the New Years Party was a great success. A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which9,3. In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m., _ many people have gone home. A. whose B. that C. on which D. by which time 4. Tell me your reason _

50、you are against my program. A. which B. for that C. what D. why 5. I will give the gift to the student _ I think is honest in our class. A. whom B. which C. that D. who,6. She is the one of the girls who _ passed the examination. A. was B. were C. has D. have 7. It is the third time _ late this mont

51、h. A. that you arrived B. when you arrived C. that youve arrived D. when youve arrived,8.The journey around the world took the old sailor 9 months, _the sailing time was 226 days. A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which,9. There are 62 students in our class, _ 26 are girls. A. more th

52、an B. in which C. less than D. of whom 10.Next month, _ youll spend in your hometown, is coming. A. when B. which C. where D. that 11. Water boils at 100, _ temperature it changes to gas. A. on which B. at which C. which D. when,D,B,B,12. Do you know the street _ Mr. Wang once lived? A. on which B.

53、that C. which D. in that 13.The reason _ he got a bad cold is that he was caught in a heavy rain. A. why B. when C. which D. in which 14.I received _ nice a gift _ my boyfriend promised. A. the same , as B. such, as C. as, as D. the same, that,A,A,C,15. He is the only one of the students _want to fo

54、llow the teachers advice. A. that dont B. that do C. who doesnt D. who dont 16.It is an island _ name Ive forgotten. It is an island _ the name Ive A. whose B. of which C. which D. whom 17.I can still remember the sitting room _ my mother and I used to sit in the evening. A. what B. where C. which D. that,C,A,B,B,18. Ill never forget the days _ I spent my holiday in Guangzhou. Ill never forg