2020届高考英语二轮复习阅读理解-细节理解类-解题技巧及典例剖析

1、2020届高考英语二轮复习阅读理解 细节理解类 解题技巧及典例剖析【考点清单】一、细节理解类题目常见的设问方式高考对细节理解的考查主要分为两种情况：一是词语细节类，其答案基本可以直接从原文中找出来，考生只要根据题干中的关键词与原文进行对照，就能迅速锁定答案；二是隐含细节类，这类题目虽然不能直接从原文找到对应的词汇或短语，但考生可以根据文章的隐含意义，如原因、方式或结果等获得答案。细节理解类题目近几年高考常见的设同方式有：1.When can you go to.?2.Where can.?3.What happened when.?4.What can people do.?5.What do

2、 we know about.?6.What is the reason for.?7.What was the reaction to.?8.Who can help you if you want to.?9.Who made a great contribution to.?10.Which number should you call if you.?11.Which tended to be.according to.?12.At which place can people.?13.Which of the following may require.?14.Why does Pe

3、ter have to.?15.How does.differ from.?二、细节理解类题目常见的命题类型1.直接信息题该类试题多对原文中的信息进行直接考查。做题时，考生首先找到原文中与题干要求相对应的信息，然后与选项内容进行对比即可确定答案。2.细节排序题该类试题要求考生根据动作发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，确定事件发生的先后顺序。3.数字计算题该类试题要求考生根据文中提供的文字、数字、图表等信息对年代、月份、费用、价格等进行计算。4.间接信息题该类试题四个选项中不直接出现原文的信息，而是借助同义转换、概念解析、归纳事实等方法对原文进行适当变换，让考生做出判断和选择。三、干扰项常见的

4、模式1.是原文信息，但非题目要求的内容；2.符合常识，但非文章内容；3.与原句极为相似，只是略微有些变动；4.与原文信息相矛盾；5.部分正确，部分错误。四、解答细节理解题，要求考生细心在读文章之前先读题，对要考查的细节部分做简要记录，这样，在读文章时才能快而准地锁定目标信息，以便节省时间和减少反复寻找细节的麻烦。对细节的考查通常涉及一些长难句，对此，不要惊慌，首先判断是简单句还是复合句，若是简单句，先找句子的主、谓、宾，理解其主要意义，再理解附属成分的意义。若是复合句，先判断主句和从句，再分析各自的意义，最后理解整句意义。【分类解析】1. 直接信息题认真阅读题干，根据关键词明确答题方向 仔细比

5、较所给选项，与原文信息对应，锁定正确选项题干定位法运用略读、跳读及査读技巧迅速找到文中与问题相关的信息【典例】（2017全国1,A片段）Pacific Science Center GuideVisit Pacific Science Centers StoreDont forget to stop by Pacific Science Centers Store while you are here to pick up a wonderful science activity or souvenit to remember your visit. The store is located(

6、位于） upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laser DomeHungry?Our exhibits will feed your mind, but what about your body? Our cafe offers a complete menu of lunch and snack op-tions, in addition to seasonal specials. The cafe is located up-stairs in Building I and is open daily until one hour before

7、 Pa-cific Science Center closesRental InformationLockers are available to store any belongings during your visit . The lockers are located in Building I near the Information Desk and in Building 3. Pushchairs and wheelchairs are availa-ble to rent at the Information Desk and Denny Way entrance. ID r

8、equired.Q : Where can you buy a souvenir at Pacific Science Cen-A. In Building 1.B.In Building 3.C . At the Laser DomeD . At the Denny Way entrance .【解题思路】第一步 确定题干中的关键词本题题干的关键词是：where;souvenir第二步根据关键词定位信息句本题信息句是：Dont forget to stop by Pacific Science Centers Store while you are here to pick up a won

9、derful science activity or souvenir to remember your visit. The store is located(位于）upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laser Dome答案：B【干扰项分析】A、C、D三项张冠李戴。位于一号楼的咖啡馆和问询处等均不出售纪念品，排除A项；文章第一部分提到商店紧按着Laser Dome,而不是说在Laser Dome可以买纪念品，排除C项；根据文章第三部分中的“Pushchairs and wheelchairs are available to rent at t

10、he Information Desk and Denny Way en trance.可知，在DennyWay的入口处可以租借婴儿车和轮而不能买纪念品，排除D项。2.间接信息题断章取义法阅读题干，有针对性的扫描全文，锁定相关词句等信息 仔细比较选项和原文信息，选择正确或最佳答案断章取义法准确理解每个选项的意思，寻找与原文信息相关的近义词、同义词和反义词【典例1】(2016全国I,A片段）Sandra Day OConnor(1930-present）When Sandra Day OConnor finished third in her class at anford Law School

11、, in 1952, she could not find work at a law rm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state enator(参议员）and,in 1981,the first woman to join the U. Supreme Court . OConnor gave the deciding vote in many im-ortant cases during her 24 years on the top court .Q:What was the reason for OConnors be

12、ing rejected byA . Her lack of proper training in law .B . Her little work experience in court .C. The discrimination against women.D. The poor financial conditions.【解题思路】第一步确定题干中的关键词本题题干的关键词是：OConnor;the law firm第二步根据关键词定位信息句本题的信息句是：When Sandra Day OConnor finished in her class at Stanford Law Scho

13、ol, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman.第三步对比信息句和选项，得出答案根据信息句可知，0Connor找不到工作是因为她是一名女生。可见，这是由于当时对女性的偏见和歧视造成的。答案：C3.事件排序题首尾排除法找出第一个发生的动作找出最后一个发生的动作时间排序题缩小选择范围，通过排除法确定正确选项典例（2014四川，C)A schoolgirl saved her fathers life by kicking him in the chest after he suffered a s

14、erious allergic(过敏的）reaction which stopped his heart.Izzy, nine, restarted father Colms heart by stamping(踩）on his chest after he fell down at home and stopped breathing.Izzys mother, Debbie, immediately called 999 but Izzy knew doctors would never arrive in time to save her father, so decided to us

15、e CPR.However, she quickly discovered her arms werent strong enough, so she stamped on her fathers chest instead.Debbie then took over with some more conventional ches compressions(按压）until the ambulance arrived.Izzy, who has been given a bravery award by her school,said : I just kicked him really h

16、ard . My mum taught me CPR but I knew I wasnt strong enough to use hands . I was quite scared. The doctor said I might as well be a doctor or a nurse.My mum said that Dad was going to hospital with a big footprint on his chest.Shes a little star, said Debbie. I was really upset but Izzy just took ov

17、er. I just cant believe what she did. I really think all children should be taught first aid. Izzy did CPR then the doctor turned up. Colm had to have more treatment on the way to the hospital and weve got to see an expert.Truck driver Colm , 35 , suffered a mystery allergic reaction on Saturday and

18、 was taken to hospital , but was sent home only for it to happen again the next day. The second attack was so serious that his airway sweventing him from breathing,his blood pressure dropped suddenly , and his heart stopped for a moment .He has now made a full recovery from his suffering .Q:Whats th

19、e right order of the events?.Dlzzy kicked Colm.Debbie called 999. lzzy learned CPR.Colms heart stopped.A.B.C.D.【解题思路】第一步速读文章，了解故事情节由上下文可知，lzzy先前了解了一些CPR的知识，后来她父亲因过敏反应，心脏停止了工作，Izzy的母亲Debbie拨打了999急救电话，然后lzzy采取了急救措施。第二步找出四个事件发生的先后顺序事件一：lzzy learned CPR.事件二：Colms heart stopped.事件三：Debbie called 999.事件四：

20、Izzy kicked Colm.答案：C1. 数字计算题查读分析法明确题干要求，锁定原文相关信息对相关的信息和数字进行分析和理解査读分析法利用加、减、承、除等运算方法进行计算，确定答案【典例】（2015四川，C片段）Across Britain, burnt toast will be served to mothers in bed his moming as older sons and daughters rush to deliver their su-bermarket bunches of flowers . But , according to a new study , we

21、 should be placing a higher value on motherhood all year.Mothers have long known that their home workload was just is heavy as paid work. Now, the new study has shown that if they were paid for their parental labours , they would earn as much as(172,000 a year.The study looked at the range of jobs m

22、others do, as well as the hours they are working, to determine the figure. This would make their yearly income $ 30,000 more than the Prime Minis-ter earns.Q:How much would a mother earn a year if working as the Prime Minister?A.$30,000B.$142,000.C.$172,000.D$202,000.【解题思路】第一步确定题干中的关键词本题题干中的关键词是：mot

23、her;the Prime Minister第二步根据关键词定位信息句本题的信息句是：1 Now, the new study has shown that if they were paid for their parental labours, they would earn much as 172.000 a year.2 This would make their yearly income 30.000 morethan the Prime Minister cams.答案：B(172.000-30.000=142.0002. 正误判断题逐项击破法根据关键词，找到相关的信息句对比选项

24、和信息句，逐项击破去伪存真法表达绝对代的选项不一定是正确的选项典例1(2016四川，D)A warm drink of milk before bed has long been the be choice for those wanting a good nights sleep. But now a study has found it really does help people nod off-if it is milked froma cow at night.Researchers have discovered that night milk contains more mel

25、atonin(褪黑激素）,which has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety.The study, by researchers from Seoul, South Korea, in-volved mice being fed with dried milk powder made from milked both during the day and at night.Those given night milk, which contained 10 times the a-mount of melato

26、nin, were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime, according to the study published in The Journal of Medicinal Food .Night milk quickened the start of sleep and caused the mice to sleep longer .While the effect of cows milk harvested at different time has

27、not been tested on humans up to now, taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who are struggling to fall a-sleep arevious studies have also indicated that milk can be excel-lent for helping sleep because of the calcium content, which helps people to relax Milk is also sugar-free and additi

28、ve-free with nutritionists mending skimmed milk as the best choice before bed as it is the least fattening. The more fat you take in before bedtime,the greater burden you will put on your body at nightQ:Which of the following is true of melatonin according to the text ?A. Its been tested on mice for

29、 ten times.B.It can make people more energeticC. It exists in milk in great amount.D. Its used in sleeping drugs.【解题思路】第一步根据关键间找出相关信息句本题的信息句是：A:Those given night milk,which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin, were less active and ess anxious than those fed with the milk collected during day

30、ime.B : Researchers have discovered that night milk contains more melatonin(褪黑激素）,which has been proven help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiely.C : Researchers have discovered that night milk contains more melatonin.D : . taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who are struggling w ial

31、l asleep at night .第二步对比选项与信息句，逐项击破A项与信息句毫无关联；B项与信息句意思相反；C项范围扩大化；D项与信息句符合。答案：D典例2(2017天津，B片段）Fifteen years ago, I took a summer vacation in Lecce in southern Italy. After climbing up a hill for a panoramic(全景的）view of the blue sea,white buildings and green olive trees,I paused to catch my breath and

32、 then positioned myself to take the best photo of this panoraUnfortunately, just as I took out my camera, a woman ap-proached from behind, and planted herself right in front of my view . Like me , this woman was here to stop , sigh and appreci-ate the view.Patient as I was , after about 15 minutes , my camera scan-ning the sun and reviewing the shot I would eventually take, I grew frustrated. Was it too much to ask her to move so I could take just one picture of the landscape? Sure, I c