曹植诗词英文翻译及讲解.ppt

1、Lecture 7 Cao Zhi,Sujie Li School of English, BISU 2016-10-26,曹植（192232）,字子建（曹子建），沛国谯（今安徽省亳州市）人。三国时期曹魏诗人、文学家，建安文学的代表人物。曹植是魏武帝曹操之子，魏文帝曹丕之弟，生前曾为陈王，去世后谥号“思”，因此又称陈思王。后人因他诗词文学上的造诣而将他与曹操、曹丕合称为“三曹”，南朝宋文学家谢灵运更有“天下才有一石，曹子建独占八斗”的评价。 Lived in a time of division and changes Rivalry with his brother Distress in

2、political career Brilliance in poetic gifts,A general view,In terms of political history, Cao Zhi played little part in the period of Three Kingdoms, but in the Chinese literary history, Cao Zhi is far from an unimportant figure. He lived at a time of division, of change and of constant warfare and

3、popular distress. Buddhism was spreading fast and new poetical forms were coming into use. Cao Zhi is one of the first figures in Chinese history to be remembered as a poet alone, and not as an emperor, statesman or general who also wrote poetry. He also wrote essays which contain some of the earlie

4、st literary criticism of writers of his age. He was also renowned as a calligrapher. His life was in large part a tragedy of wasted gifts but does not lack touches of comedy.,I have had two main interests in writing this brief account. First, the story of Cao Zhis life has in itself considerable ele

5、ments of drama (not unmixed with humor) and is besides a fascinating example of the effect of frustration on a man of great talent and ambition. Secondly, there run through his works some themes in Chinese thought which are still of interest today. Hugh Dunn, “Cao Zhi - The Life of a Princely Chines

6、e poet” (1983),A life in quick summary,A gifted youth in turbulent times Favored in city and camp Rivalry at court the struggle for inheritance A change of dynasty exile and decline,Features of Cao Zhis poetry,诗品的作者钟嵘亦赞曹植“骨气奇高，词彩华茂，情兼雅怨，体被文质，粲溢今古，卓尔不群。”在诗品中，曹植被称为“建安之杰”。 王士祯尝论汉魏以来二千年间诗家堪称“仙才”者，曹植、李白、

7、苏轼三人耳。 既有婉约抒情的部分，如“洛神赋”又有豪放热情的游侠精神，如“白马篇”。唐代贵游文学和边塞诗都受其影响，李白犹为甚。中国诗人个性精神的解放自曹植始。,Significance of Cao zhis poetry,曹植的创作以220年（建安二十五年）为界，分前后两期。前期诗歌主要是歌唱他的理想和抱负，洋溢着乐观、浪漫的情调，对前途充满信心；后期的诗歌则主要表达由理想和现实的矛盾所激起的悲愤。他的诗歌，既体现了诗经“哀而不伤”的庄雅，又蕴含着楚辞窈窕深邃的奇谲；既继承了汉乐府反应现实的笔力，又保留了古诗十九首温丽悲远的情调。曹植的诗又有自己鲜明独特的风格，完成了乐府民歌向文人诗的转变

8、。,A study of Goddess of the Luo 洛神赋,Famous phrases,明眸善睐，惊鸿一瞥 凌波微步，罗袜轻尘 含辞未吐，气若幽兰 废寝忘食 Terms like this that have become household expressions all come from this poem,Its significance,Appreciation of womens beauty as a free entity, free from moral judgement or purpose, liberating womens role as only t

9、he vehicle of procreation. A detailed description and appreciation of womens body, earthly admiration along with spiritual one, which is more common among Chinese A celebration of love that is not defined by social norms Its lyrical beauty, the variety of meter and the skillful shift of 4-character

10、lines to Sao style.,The beginning,黄初三年，余朝京师，还济洛川。古人有言，斯水之神，名曰宓(f)妃。感宋玉对楚王神女之事，遂作斯赋，其辞曰： 余从京域，言归东藩，背伊阙，越轘(hun)辕，经通谷，陵景山。日既西倾，车殆马烦。尔乃税驾乎蘅皋(hng go)，秣驷乎芝田，容与乎阳林，流眄(min)乎洛川。于是精移神骇，忽焉思散。俯则未察，仰以殊观。睹一丽人，于岩之畔。乃援御者而告之曰：“尔有觌(d)于彼者乎？彼何人斯，若此之艳也！”御者对曰：“臣闻河洛之神，名曰宓妃。然则君王所见，无乃是乎？其状若何，臣愿闻之。”,In the third year of the

11、Huangchu (1) era, I attended court at the capital and then crossed the Luo River (2) to begin my journey home. Men in olden times used to say that the goddess of the river is named Fufei. Inspired by the example of Song Yu, who described a goddess to the king of Chu, I eventually composed a fu which

12、 read:,Leaving the capital To return to my fief in the east, Yi Barrier at my back, Up over Huanyuan, Passing through Tong Valley, Crossing Mount Jing; The sun had already dipped in the west, The carriage unsteady, the horses fatigued, And so I halted my rig in the spikenard marshes, Grazed my team

13、of our at Lichen Fields (3), Idling a while by Willow Wood (4), Letting my eyes wander over the Luo. Then my mood seemed to change, my spirit grew restless; Suddenly my thoughts had scattered. I looked down, hardly noticing what was there, Looked up to see a different sight, To spy a lovely lady by

14、the slopes of the riverbank.,The description of the body,余告之曰：其形也，翩若惊鸿，婉若游龙，荣曜秋菊，华茂春松。髣髴（fng f）兮若轻云之蔽月，飘飖兮若流风之回雪。远而望之，皎若太阳升朝霞。迫而察之，灼若芙蕖出渌(l)波。秾（nng）纤得衷，修短合度。肩若削成，腰如约素。延颈秀项，皓质呈露，芳泽无加，铅华弗御。云髻峨峨，修眉联娟，丹唇外朗，皓齿内鲜。明眸善睐，靥(y)辅承权，瑰姿艳逸，仪静体闲。柔情绰态，媚于语言。奇服旷世，骨象应图。,Her body soars lightly like a startled swan, Grac

15、efully, like a dragon in flight, In splendor brighter than the autumn chrysanthemum, In bloom more flourishing than the pine in spring; Dim as the moon mantled in filmy clouds, Restless as snow whirled by the driving wind. Gaze far off from a distance; She sparkles like the sun rising from morning m

16、ists; Press closer to examine: She flames like the lotus flower topping the green wave. In her a balance is struck between plump and frail.,A measured accord between diminutive and tall, With shoulders shaped as if by carving, Waist narrow as though bound with white cords; At her slim throat and cur

17、ving neck The pale flesh lies open to view, No scented ointments overlaying it, No coat of leaden powder applied. Cloud-bank coiffure rising steeply, Long eyebrows delicately arched, Red lips that shed their light abroad, White teeth gleaming within, Bright eyes skilled at glances, A dimple to round

18、 off the base of the cheek Her rare form wonderfully enchanting, Her manner quiet, her pose demure. Gentle hearted, broad of mind (5), She entrances with every word she speaks; Her robes are of a strangeness seldom seen, Her face and figure live up to her paintings.,Of Clothing She holds up a garnet

19、 stone to match my gift, Pointing down into the depths to show where we should meet. Clinging to a lovers passionate faith, Yet I fear that this spirit may deceive me; Warned by tales of how Jiaofu was abandoned, I pause, uncertain and despairing; Then, stilling such thoughts, I turn a gentler face

20、toward her, Signaling that for my part I abide by the rules of ritual.,Of the Goddess response,于是洛灵感焉，徙倚彷徨。神光离合，乍阴乍阳。竦轻躯以鹤立，若将飞而未翔。践椒涂之郁烈，步蘅薄而流芳。超长吟以永慕兮，声哀厉而弥长。 尔乃众灵杂遝(t)，命俦(chu)啸侣。或戏清流，或翔神渚。或采明珠，或拾翠羽。从南湘之二妃，携汉滨之游女。叹匏瓜之无匹兮，咏牵牛之独处。扬轻袿(gu)之猗靡(y m)兮，翳(y)修袖以延伫。体迅飞凫，飘忽若神。凌波微步，罗袜生尘。动无常则，若危若安。进止难期，若往若还。转眄流

21、精，光润玉颜。含辞未吐，气若幽兰。华容婀娜，令我忘餐。,Thereupon The Luo River Spirit was stirred and moved restlessly, Her radiance fitful, now like day, now like night, Her light form stood poised like a bird Wishing to fly but not yet on the wing. She trod underfood the fairest of flowers And trampled thin stems which pour

22、ed forth their scent. She gave a great cry of eternal devotion A sound that was desolate, passionate, long. At this there came Acrowd of spirits, a motley throng! She called to her comrades, cried to her friends Who played in the torrent and oerflew fairy isles Gathering pearls and kingfisher plumes

23、,There came the two maids from the southern Xiang Hand in hand with the girl who roams the Han shore, The lamented her “bitter fruit” as she “had no mate” And sang of the Herdboy star dwelling alone, They swung their soft jackets, gently, voluptuously, Making fans of gay sleeves, with slow moves and

24、 pauses. Then their mood quickened like wild geese flying, Borne on the breeze, of a sudden like sprites! Lightly they walked over hillocks and ripples Their gauzy silk slippers stirring the dust. Their movements kept changing, sometimes stiff, sometimes fluid, As they drew nearer or stopped without

25、 any fixed plan Retreating, returning, alert eyes full of meaning Shining and elegant, an exquisite sight. Restrained in voice, fragrant as flowers Their beauty enchanted me. I forgot I was hungry.,The sadness at Parting,于是屏翳收风，川后静波。冯夷鸣鼓，女娲清歌。腾文鱼以警乘，鸣玉鸾以偕逝。六龙俨其齐首，载云车之容裔。鲸鲵(n)踊而夹毂(g)，水禽翔而为卫。于是越北沚，过南冈

26、，纡素领，回清阳，动朱唇以徐言，陈交接之大纲。恨人神之道殊兮，怨盛年之莫当。抗罗袂以掩涕兮，泪流襟之浪浪。悼良会之永绝兮，哀一逝而异乡。无微情以效爱兮，献江南之明珰。虽潜处于太阴，长寄心于君王。忽不悟其所舍，怅神宵而蔽光。,Then, The Rainmaster stilled the wind, the River Queen calmed the waves, The Count of the River drummed, and clearly sang Nv Wa. There came prancing hooves and an awesome chariot Ringning

27、jade phoenix bells, to take her to the dead. Six fearsome dragons, their heads in line, Bore on high the graceful cloud chariot Huge fishes leapt by the wheels as it came And water birds soared around it as guards. Then, As they passed across the isle to the north And the color faded from the hills

28、to the south, She looked back with a clear gaze And her red lips spoke slow words About the great net of our intermeshed lives:,“How sad that mens and spirits ways must differ I grieve that our flourishing years did not match!” She raised a gauze sleeve to brush away tears Which wet the flowing fold

29、s of her coat. “My soul is wounded such happy meetings are not for me. I mourn that once parted we shall live apart. My feelings are strong I give you my love And give you too these bright rings from Jiangnan. Although I go to live in deepest shade My thoughts will dwell on my lord and prince. Suddenly I no longer see where I go Sad at heart