被动语态翻译ppt.ppt

1、1,被动语态的翻译,翻译的基础知识与技巧（三）,2,教学内容,1、英语中常用被动语态的情况 2、汉语中被动意义的表现方式 3、英语被动语态的翻译,3,When the crude oil is obtained from the field, it is taken to the refineries to be treated. The commonest form of treatment is heating. When the oil is heated, the first vapors to rise are cooled and become the finest petrol.

2、 Petrol has a low boiling point; if a little is poured into the hand, it soon vaporizes. Gas that comes off the oil later is condensed into paraffin. Last of all the lubricating oils of various grades are produced. What remains is heavy oil that is used as fuel.,4,When the crude oil is obtained from

3、 the field, it is taken to the refineries to be treated. The commonest form of treatment is heating. When the oil is heated, the first vapors to rise are cooled and become the finest petrol. Petrol has a low boiling point; if a little is poured into the hand, it soon vaporizes. Gas that comes off th

4、e oil later is condensed into paraffin. Last of all the lubricating oils of various grades are produced. What remains is heavy oil that is used as fuel.,5,一、被动语态在英语中的运用 被动语态的广泛使用是英语区别于汉语的一大特点。这一特点在科技英语语体中反映得尤为突出。这不仅是因为被动结构比主动结构更少主观色彩，结构更简单，还因为有不必、不愿或无从说出施动者等情况的存在。,6,1、不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。例如： Such boo

5、ks are written for children. We havent been told about it. The English evening has been put off till Saturday.,7,2、出于礼貌措辞等方面考虑不愿说出动作的执行者是谁。例如： You are requested to give a performance. It is generally considered not advisable to act that way.,8,3、无从说出施动者是谁。例如： Youre wanted on the phone. The problem i

6、s being studied. Rice is chiefly grown in the south.,9,4、为了便于上下衔接。例如： He appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience. Jack fought John in the mens singles last night and was beaten.,10,5、为了突出谈话的中心。例如： The song was composed by a French musician. The program was designed by ourselve

7、s.,11,二、汉语被动意义的表达方式,用词汇的手段来表现被动意义 例如： 1、“为”字结构 “茅屋为秋风所破” 2、“被”字式不幸语态 “被捕”， “被剥削”，“被压迫”，“被杀” 3、“让”、”给”、”叫”、“挨”、“受”、“遭”、“蒙” 庄稼让大水冲跑了。 The crops were washed away by the flood. 叫你猜对了 Youve guessed right.,12,4、“是的” 表示静态的句子 这些产品是我国制造的。 5、“的是” 推荐我的是一位教授。 6、“加以/予以”组成倒置的宾语结构 这个问题将在下一章加以讨论。,13,用词序手段来表现被动意义 1、

8、受事者动词 困难克服了，工作完成了，问题也解决了。 2、受事着施事者动词 我们在这里所讲的话，人们不会长久地记住。,14,三、翻译方法,翻译成汉语的主动句 1、“加以”,“经过”,“用来” 2、增补泛指性的词语(人们,大家等)作主语 3、主语译成宾语 4、翻译成汉语的无主句 5、翻译成带“是的”的主动句 译成汉语的被动句 1、汉语句中有“被”、“受”、“挨”、“遭受”等词 2、译成“为所”的结构 译成“把”、“使”和“由”字句,15,翻译成汉语的主动句 “加以”,“经过”,“用来” ，“可以用来” Perfumes may be made from the oils of certain fl

9、owers. Soaps are made from vegetable and animal oils. 有些花儿产生的油可以用来制造香水。植物油和动物油还可以用来制作肥皂。 Nuclearpowersdangertohealth,safety,and evenlifeitselfcanbesummedupinoneword: radiation.,核能对健康、安全,甚至对生命本身构成的危险可以用一个词辐射来概括。,16,2.增补泛指性的词语(人们,大家等)作主语 Itisgenerallyacceptedthattheexperiences ofthechildinhisfirstyear

10、slargelydetermine hischaracterandlaterpersonality.,人们普遍认为,孩子们的早年经历在很大程度上决定了他们的性格及其未来的人品。,17,Itcouldbearguedthattheradioperformsthis serviceaswell,butontelevisioneverythingis muchmoreliving,muchmorereal.,可能有人会指出,无线电广播同样也能做到这一点,但还是电视屏幕上的节目要生动、真实得多。,18,Itisassertedthat有人主张 Itisbelievedthat有人认为 Itisgene

11、rallyconsideredthat大家(一般人)认为 Itiswellknownthat大家知道(众所周知) Itwillbesaid有人会说 Itwastoldthat有人曾经说,19,3.主语译成宾语 Bytheendofthewar,800peoplehadbeensavedbytheorganization,butatacostof200BelgianandFrenchlives.,这个组织拯救了八百人，,大战结束时, 但那是以二百多比利时人和法国人的生命为代价的（但二百多比利时人和法国人却为此付出了生命代价)。,20,4.翻译成汉语的无主句 Greateffortsshouldb

12、emadetoinformyoungpeople especiallythedreadfulconsequencesoftakingupthehabit of smoking.,应该尽最大努力告诫年轻人吸烟的危害,特别是吸上瘾后的可怕后果,21,Newsourceofenergymustbefound,andthiswill taketime.,Itishopedthat希望 Itisreportedthat据报道 Itissaidthat据说 Itissupposedthat据推测 Itmaybesaidwithoutfearofexaggerationthat 可以毫不夸张地说 Itmus

13、tbeadmittedthat必须承认 Itmustbepointedoutthat必须指出 Itwillbeseenfromthisthat由此可见,22,5. 翻译成带“是的”的主动句 Thedecisiontoattackwasnottakenlightly.,进攻的决定不是轻易作出的。,In the old society，women were looked down upon.,在旧社会，妇女们是受歧视的。,23,译成汉语的被动结构。 “被”,“给”,“遭”,“挨”,“为所”,“使”,“由”,“受到”等表示。 Earlyfiresontheearthwerecertainlycaus

14、edbynature,notbyMan. 地球上早期的火肯定是由大自然而不是人类引燃的。,The window pane was broken by the child.,窗玻璃被这小孩打碎了,24,I was so impressed by these words that I used them later for a Christmas card.,我为这些话所深深感动，后来我就把它们写在 圣诞卡上了。,25,译成“把”、“使”和“由”字句 The famous hotel had been practically destroyed by the big fire.,大火把这家著名的旅

15、馆几乎全部毁坏。,The plan is going to be examined first by the research group。,计划将先由研究小组加以研究。,26,Microsoft chairman Bill Gates is inundated with up to four million e-mails a day - most of them junk.,微软总裁比尔盖茨现在每天都被淹没在多达四百万封电子邮件中，其中绝大多数都是垃圾邮件。,inundate : to cover with water, especially floodwaters（淹没）,27,The

16、English language is being destroyed by a deadly virus of management speak which has infected the mouths and minds of politicians like Tony Blair and George W. Bush, a leading UK journalist said recently.,最近，一位英国资深记者说，英语正在遭到一种“官腔语言的致命病毒”的侵害，这种病毒已经感染了许多政治家的谈吐和思想，其中包括托尼布莱尔和乔治布什。,28,Palestinian Authorit

17、y President Yasser Arafat, 75, the leader who passionately sought a homeland for his people but was seen by many Israelis as a ruthless terrorist and a roadblock to peace, died early Thursday in Paris.,75岁的巴勒斯坦民族权力机构主席阿拉法特于本周四（11月11日）凌晨逝世。他用满腔热血为巴勒斯坦人民寻找一个家园，但很多以色列人却把他视为冷酷无情的恐怖分子和通往和平的路障。,29,Arafat

18、had been sick with an unknown illness that had been variously described as the flu, a stomach virus or gallstones.,阿拉法特一直身患某种不知名的疾病，关于他的症状有多种描述：流感、胃病毒感染和胆结石等。,30,In 1994, Arafat was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, along with Israeli leaders Yitzhak Rabin and Shimon Peres, for their work on the Oslo a

19、ccords, seen at the time as a breakthrough toward an independent Palestinian state and a permanent peace with Israel.,1994年，阿拉法特和以色列领导人伊扎克拉宾和希蒙佩雷斯共同获得了诺贝尔奖，他们为签署“奥斯陆协议”所做的努力在当时被视作通往一个独立的巴勒斯坦国、实现巴以永久和平的“重大突破”,31,In the factory, productivity has been increased by over 50 percent. The management intend

20、s to apply these same methods to office staff in order to reduce costs. 现在，我厂的生产率已经提高了百分之五十以上。经理部（管理部门）拟在办公室职工中开展同样的查制度以降低成本。,32,All suggestions should be sent to the Managing Directors office before the end of next month. 请予下月底前将建议提交总经理办公室。,33,小结：被动语态的翻译,翻译成汉语的主动句 1、“加以”,“经过”,“用来” 2、增补泛指性的词语(人们,大家等)作主语 3、主语译成宾语 4、翻译成汉语的无主句 5、翻译成带“是的”的主动句 译成汉语的被动句 1、汉语句中有“被”、“受”、“挨”、“遭受”等词 2、译成“为所”的结构 译成“把”、“使”和“由”字句,34,练习,课堂练习 课后练习：教材第62页练习三,35,When the crude oil is obtained from the field, it is taken to the refineries to be treat