第1部分 专题1 考点3

1、第一部分题型突破专项提升专题一阅读理解考点3主旨大意题1悟真题、取其精华2研典题、技法例析3随堂练、即时巩固4层级练、素能强化第一部分专题一阅读理解英语悟真题、取其精华二轮复习返回导航第一部分专题一阅读理解A(2019全国卷，D)During the rosy years of elementary school( 小 学 )，I enjoyed sharing my dollsand jokes，which allowed me to keep my high social status.I was the queen of the英语playground.Then came my twee

2、ns and teens，and mean girls and cool kids.They rose二轮复习intheranksnotbybeingfriendlybutbysmokingcigarettes，breakingplaying jokes on others，among whom I soon found myself.rulesand返回导航第一部分专题一阅读理解Popularity is a wellexplored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein，aprofessor of clinical psychology

3、 sorts the popular into two categories：the likable andthestatusseekers.Thelikablesplays well with othersqualitiesstrengthenschoolyardfriendships，jumpstartinterpersonalskillsand，whentappedearly，areemployedeverafterinlifeandwork.Thentheresthekindofpopularitythat appears in adolescence：status born of p

4、ower and even dishonorable behavior.英语二轮复习Enviableasthecoolkidsmayhaveseemed ， Dr.Prinsteinsstudiesshowunpleasant consequences.Those who were highest in status in high school，as well asthoseleastlikedinelementaryschool， are“mostlikelytoengage( 从事)indangerous and risky behavior.”返回导航第一部分专题一阅读理解Inones

5、tudy ， Dr.Prinsteinexaminedthetwotypesofpopularityin235adolescents，scoring the least liked，the most liked and the highest in status based onstudent surveys(调查研究)“We found that the least wellliked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates.But so had those who were high in sta

6、tus.It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment，high status has just the opposite effect on us.”Dr.Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play datesharing，kindness，opennesscarry over to later years and make youbetter able to relat

7、e and connect with others.英语二轮复习返回导航第一部分专题一阅读理解In analyzing his and other research，Dr.Prinstein came to another conclusion：Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes，but it is also responsible for those outcomes，too.“Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of l

8、ife experiences that help somebody gain an advantage，” he said.文章大意：主题：人与社会(人际沟通)；话题：青少年心理健康。本文是一篇议论文。文章从社会心理学视角讨论青少年小学与中学阶段的成长经历，论英语二轮复习述了个体受欢迎程度这一青少年心理健康话题。谐的人际关系和人文情怀。该语篇视角独特，积极倡导和返回导航第一部分专题一阅读理解1What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary school？ CAUnkind.CGenerous.BLonely.

9、DCool.英语解析：推理判断题。根据题干中的关键词earlyyearsofelementaryschool可二轮复习定位到第一段第一句“Duringtherosyyearsofelementaryschool，Ienjoyedsharing my dolls and jokes.”，根据句意和sharing一词可推知，作者上小学的时候是一个慷慨大方的人，故选C项。注意不要受本段后几句话尤其是最后一句话的影响而错选A项，因为那是作者青少年时期的情况。返回导航第一部分专题一阅读理解2What is the second paragraph mainly about？ AA. The classi

10、fication of the popular.B. The characteristics of adolescents.C. The importance of interpersonal skills.DThe causes of dishonorable behavior.英语解析：段落大意题。根据第二段内容以及第二句的句式特点(句中有冒号)，二轮复习可暂时断定第二句是本段的主旨句。而第三句和第四句分别用Thelikables.和Then theres the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence.引出后文内容，恰恰就是介绍了受欢

11、迎的两类人：讨人喜欢型和追求地位型。同时我们发现本段第二句中的关键词o.(把分成)与A项中的classification相呼应，所以A项可以概括本段大意。返回导航第一部分专题一阅读理解3What did Dr.Prinsteins study find about the most liked kids? BA. They appeared to be aggressive.B. They tended to be more adaptable.C. They enjoyed the highest status.D. They performed well academica

12、lly.英语二轮复习解析：推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句中的Itclearlyshowedthatwhilelikability can lead to healthy adjustment可知，Dr.Prinstein的研究发现，最讨人喜欢的孩子往往适应性强。B项中的adaptable与第四段中的adjustment相呼应。返回导航第一部分专题一阅读理解4What is the best title for the text？ AA. Be NiceYou Wont Finish LastB. The Higher the Status，the BetterC. Be the BestYou

13、 Can Make ItD. More SelfControl，Less Aggressiveness解析：标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了研究者发现讨人喜欢与积极的人生结英语二轮复习果有关， 因此A 项作为标题最合适。 注意A 项中的benice 与likability ，popularity，kindness等词相呼应。be NiceYou Wont Finish Last.从意义上类似于汉语的“与人为善，于己为善”。这里的finish本义是“获得(名次)；排名”。返回导航第一部分专题一阅读理解B(2019浙江卷，C)California has lost half its big trees

14、since the 1930s，according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor(因素)The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on英语more than 46,000 square miles of California forests，the new study finds.No area wasspared or unaffected，from th

15、e foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles.In the Sierra high country，the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent；in parts of southern California the declinewas nearly 75 percent.二轮复习返回导航第一部分专题一阅读理解Manyfactorscontributedtothedecline，sai

16、dPatrickMcIntyre，anecologistwhowastheleadauthorofthestudy.Woodcutterstargetedbigtrees.Housingdevelopmentpushedintothewoods.AggressivewildfirecontrolhasleftCalifornia forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources(资源)But in comparing a study of California forests done in t

17、he 1920s and 1930s with英语二轮复习anotheronebetween2001and2010，McIntyreandhiscolleaguesdocumentedawidespreaddeathofbigtreeswoodcutting or development.thatwasevidenteveninwildlandsprotectedfrom返回导航第一部分专题一阅读理解The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage.T

18、he researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed，taking into account such things as rainfall，air temperature，dampness of soil，and the timing of snowmelt(融雪)Since the 1930s，McIntyre said，the biggest

19、 factors driving up water stress inthe state have been rising temperatures，which cause trees to lose more water to the air，and earlier snowmelt，which reduces the water supply available to trees duringthe dry season.英语二轮复习返回导航第一部分专题一阅读理解文章大意：主题：人与自然(环境保护)；话题：气候变化与大树变少。本文是一篇调查报告。调查表明加利福尼亚州的大树变少了，而气候变化

20、是其中的一个主要因素。5What is the second paragraph mainly about？ A AThe seriousness of bigtree loss in California.B. The increasing variety of California big trees.C. The distribution of big trees in California forests.D. The influence of farming on big trees in California.解析：主旨大意题。第二段中通过列举一系列数字表明加利福尼亚州的大树减少的

21、严重性，故A项正确。英语二轮复习返回导航第一部分专题一阅读理解6Whichtrees？ DofthefollowingiswellintentionedbutmaybebadforbigAEcological studies of forests.CLimiting housing development.BBanning woodcutting.DFire control measures.英语解析：推理判断题。文章第三段提到了造成加利福尼亚州的大树减少的三个因素：woodcutters，housingdevelopment与aggressivewildfirecontrol。前两个因素直接

22、与大树的减少有关，如果能控制住，大树就不会减少；而第三个因素控制野火的措施使得加利福尼亚州的森林里满是跟大树争夺资源的小树，初衷是为了控制野火，这是好的，实则对大树不利，故D项正确(好心办坏事)。二轮复习返回导航第一部分专题一阅读理解7What is a major cause CAInadequate snowmelt.BA longer dry season.CA warmer climate. DDampness of the air.ofthewater shortageaccordingtoMcIntyre？英语二轮复习解析：细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的“.the biggest

23、 factors driving upwater stress in the state have been rising temperatures.”可知，水不足的主要原因就是气温升高(rising temperatures)，即更加温暖的气候，故C项正确。返回导航第一部分专题一阅读理解8What can be a suitable title for the text？ AACalifornias Forests：Where Have All the Big Trees Gone? BCutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California S

24、oonC. Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests?D. Patrick McIntyre：Grow More Big Trees in California解析：标题归纳题。本文是一篇调查报告，第一段就点出主题：California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s。后面具体分析了加利福尼亚州大树的现状、造成大树减少的原因等，A项作为标题最合适。英语二轮复习返回导航第一部分专题一阅读理解考 纲 解 读(1)主旨大意题。考查的是考生对文章内容的深层次理解，它要求考生在充分理

25、解全文的前提下，对整篇文章的主旨大意有一个较为清晰的印象。英语(2) 它既考查细节理解能力，又考查深层次的推理、概括能力，难度较大。(3) 有时从文章的第一个段落，甚至第一个句子即可得出文章的主旨要义； 有时，文章的主旨要义则需从文章的字里行间进行推断。二轮复习返回导航第一部分专题一阅读理解考查特点.把握主旨大意题常见的命题方式：(1)What would be the best title for the text? /What is the topic of the text?(2)Themainidea/Theidea/Themainthemeofthispassageisgeneral

26、英语 .(3)The last paragraph ends the passage with an emphasis on . (4)What is mainly discussed in the text?(5)Whats the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph? (6)Which of the following statements is best supported by the text?(7)The passage mainly focuses on .二轮复习返回导航第一部分专题一阅读理

27、解.掌握主旨大意题的考查角度(1)主题类(内容)，考查文章或段落的主旨大意； (2)标题类，要求考生选出文章的最佳标题。英语二轮复习返回导航第一部分专题一阅读理解选项特征英语二轮复习返回导航最佳选项干扰选项1. 涵盖性强， 覆盖全文或全段。2. 确定的范围恰当，既不太大，也不太小。3. 精确性强，不会改变语言表意的程度及色彩。1.过于笼统， 不知所云所给选项内容概括的范围过大，超出文章所述内容。2.以偏概全， 主次不分所给选项只阐述了文章的一部分内容，或以文章中的细节信息或个别词作为选项的设置内容，或以次要的事实或细节充当全文的主要观点。3.移花接木， 偷换概念所给选项被命题者有意识地把本属于

28、A的内容放在B上，若不留神，极易选错答案。4.无中生有， 生搬硬套所给选项的关键词语虽然在文章中谈到了，但经过仔细阅读分析之后，发现选项的内容与文章的内容毫无联系。第一部分专题一阅读理解英语研典题、技法例析二轮复习返回导航第一部分专题一阅读理解1文章主旨大意题寻找主题句，归纳概括文章是由段落组成的。段落的主题就是段落的中心思想，具体段落的中心思想又是为文章整体中心思想服务的。理解整篇文章的中心思想的方法是建立在理解具体段落中心的基础上的。找出每小段的主题句，各段的主题句常在该段的首句或尾句，各段主题句的整体归纳便是文章的中心思想。有的文章无明显主题句， 主题句隐含在段意之中，这就需要进一步加工

29、概括。观察全文的结构安排，理解文章的“重心”和支撑性细节。英语二轮复习返回导航关键词：分析文章结构，判断文章体裁 识别段落主题句，归纳总结 注意转折、疑问、重复等关键信息第一部分专题一阅读理解用浏览法(skimming)，即快速阅读文首、文尾，或每段的首句和尾句等，搜索主题线索和主题信息的方法可以快速找到主题句。以下是找主题句的四个小窍门：1段落中出现表示转折的词语(如however，but，infact，actually等)时，该句很可能是主题句。英语2. 首段出现疑问句时，对该问句的回答很可能就是文章主旨。3. 作者有意识地重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词

30、。二轮复习4 表示总结或结论的句子常包含therefore， thus， inconclusion等词，通常是主旨。short， conclude，返回导航第一部分专题一阅读理解(2018全国卷，C)典 例Languages have been coming andtimestherehasbeenlesscomingandgoing for thousands of years，but in recentalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhuntergatherers，small，tightlyknit(联系)groupsdevelop

31、edtheirown patterns of speech independent of each other.Some language experts believe that英语二轮复习10,000 years ago，when the world hadperhaps 12,000 languages between them.justfivetotenmillionpeople，theyspoke返回导航第一部分专题一阅读理解Soonafterwards ， manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers，and their l

32、anguages too became more settled and fewer in number.In recentcenturies，trade，industrialisation，thedevelopmentofthenationstateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation ， especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades， allhavecausedmanylanguagestoare英语disappear，anddominantlanguage

33、ssuchasEnglish，SpanishandChinese二轮复习increasingly taking over.Atpresent，theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguages is hugely uneven.The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages，oftenspokenbymanypeople，whilehot，wetzoneshavelots，oftenspoken by small numbers.返回导航

34、第一部分专题一阅读理解Europe has only around 200 languages；the Americas about 1,000；Africa 2,400；and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200，of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800.The median number (中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000，which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer p

35、eople than that.Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction (消亡)，withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick，atrandom，BusuuinCameroon英语二轮复习(eightremainingspeakers)，ChiapanecoinMexico(150)，LipanApacheintheUnited States (two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one，with a ques

36、tionmark)：none of these seems to have much chance of survival.返回导航第一部分专题一阅读理解 What is the main idea of the text?ANew languages will be created.BPeoples lifestyles are reflected in languages.英语C. Human development results in fewer languages.D. Geography determines language evolution.二轮复习返回导航第一部分专题一阅读

37、理解解题思路这是一篇说明文，本题考查全文的主旨大意。通读全文可以发现，首段的第一句中but后的内容既是该并列句的重点，也是整个段落的主旨所在。其后两段以时间为序，以Soon afterwards.In recent centuries.in the past few decades.At present.几个时间点为线索讲述了随着人类活动变化语言的演变和减少的现象。最后一段总结上文，指出现在有超过400种语言即将消亡，语言种类将变得更少。综合全文可知，文章主要讲述随着人类社会的发展，语言的种类越来越少。本文并未提及新的语言将会被创造，可排除A项；也未提及人们的生活方式反映在语言上，可排除B项；

38、本文并未说明地理环境决定语言的进化与发展，可排除D项。故选_C。英语二轮复习返回导航第一部分专题一阅读理解2凝练标题概括题准确概括全文，要简洁醒目(一)理解标题的 3 大特点一个好的标题应具备三大特点：1. 概括性准确而又简短；2. 针对性标题外延正好与文章内容相符；3. 醒目性能引发读者的阅读欲望。英语二轮复习返回导航关键词：概括全文 有针对性 简洁醒目第一部分专题一阅读理解(二)巧用3大方法确定文章标题1正面肯定法：在理解文章主旨的基础上，揣摩哪个选项能准确概括主旨；2法：撇开原文，拿各个备选项去设想用它们写出来的“文章”英语将是什么内容，然后和文章对照，一一排除不符选项；3研读备选项本身

39、：研读备选项里面的中心词、修饰词的变化、结构、概括性等。二轮复习返回导航第一部分专题一阅读理解(2018全国卷B)典例Good Morning Britains Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning，but she is cooking up a storm in her latest roleshowing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.In Save Money：Good Food，

40、she visits a different home each week and with the英语二轮复习helpofchefMattTebbuttofferstoptipsonhowtoreducefoodwaste，whilepreparingrecipesforunder5perfamilyaday.AndtheGoodMorningBritainpresenter says shes been able to put a lot of what shes learnt into practice in her own home，preparing meals for sons，S

41、am,14，Finn,13，and Jack,11.返回导航第一部分专题一阅读理解“WeloveMexicanchurros，soIbuythemonmyphonefrommylocalMexican takeaway restaurant，”she explains.“I pay 5 for a portion (一份)，butMattmakesthemfor26paportion，becausetheyareflour，water，sugarandoil.Everybody can buy takeaway food，but sometimes were not aware how che

42、aplywe can make this food ourselves.”The eightpart series (系列节目)，Save Money：Good Food，follows in the footsteps of ITVs Save Money：Good Health，which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.英语二轮复习返回导航第一部分专题一阅读理解With food our biggest weekly household

43、 expense，Susanna and Matt spend timewith a different family each week.In tonights Easter special they come to the aid of afamilyinneedofsomedeliciousinspirationonabudget.Theteamtransforms familys long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes. What can be a suitable title fo

44、r the text?AKeeping Fit by Eating Smart BBalancing Our Daily Diet CMaking Yourself a Perfect ChefDCooking Well for Lessthe英语二轮复习返回导航第一部分专题一阅读理解解题思路本题考查最佳标题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了SusannaReid主持的电视节目SaveMoney：GoodFood。仔细研读每一段的主题句(第一段中showingfamilies how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budg

45、et，第二段中的offers top tips on how to reduce food waste，while preparing recipes for under 5英语per family a day和最后一段中的The team transforms.with less expensive but stilltasty recipes)可知，Save Money：Good Food这个节目旨在帮助普通家庭用更少的钱做出美味可口的饭菜。从文学色彩来分析，Cooking Well for Less这个标题使用了Well和Less进行对比，它们含义上的矛盾可以吸引读者的注意，使读者产生阅

46、读文章的兴趣，比平铺直叙地告知文章大意的陈述句更有文学艺术性，故为最佳答案。故选_D 。二轮复习返回导航第一部分专题一阅读理解(2019全国卷，B)典 例For Western designers，China and its rich culture have long been an inspirationfor Western creative.“Its no secret that China has always been a source( 来 源 ) of inspiration for designers，”says Amanda Hill，chief creative offi

47、cer at AE Networks，a global media company and home to some of the biggest fashion(时尚) shows.英语二轮复习返回导航第一部分专题一阅读理解Earlier this year，the China Through A Looking Glass exhibition in New Yorkexhibited 140 pieces of Chinainspired fashionable clothing alongside Chinese works of art，with the aim of explori

48、ng the influence of Chinese aesthetics(美学) on WesternfashionandhowChinahasfueledthefashionableimaginationforcenturies.Theexhibitioninfluences.hadrecordattendance，showingthatthereishugeinterestinChinese英语二轮复习“China is impossible to overlook，”says Hill.“Chinese models are the facesof beauty and fashio

49、n campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world，whichmeansChinesewomenarenotjustconsumersoffashiontheyarecentraltoitsmovement.”返回导航第一部分专题一阅读理解Of course，not only are todays top Western designers being influenced by Chinasome of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chines

50、e.“Vera Wang，Alexander Wang，Jason Wu are taking on Galliano，Albaz，Marc Jacobs and beating them hands down in design and sales，”adds Hill.For Hill，it is impossible not to talk about China as the leading player when discussing fashion.“The most famous designers are Chinese，so are the models， and so ar

51、e the consumers，”she says.“China is no longer just another market；in many senses it has become the market.If you talk about fashion today，you are talking about Chinaits influences，its direction，its breathtaking clothes，and how youngdesigners and models are finally acknowledging that in many ways.”英语

52、二轮复习返回导航第一部分专题一阅读理解 What can be a suitable title for the text?AYoung Models Selling Dreams to the WorldBA Chinese Art Exhibition Held in New York CDifferences Between Eastern and Western Aesthetics DChinese Culture Fueling International Fashion Trends英语二轮复习返回导航第一部分专题一阅读理解解题思路通读全文可知，文章的第一段就点明了主题：对于西方设计师来说，长期以来中国及其丰富的文化一直是西方创作者的灵感来源。接下来AmandaHill对中国文化和中国美学对国际时尚的影响进行了评价，由此可知，中国文化推动英语了国际时尚潮流，故_D项作为文章的标题最合适。A项(向世界推销梦想的年轻模特)与文章内容不符；B项(在纽约举办的一次中国艺术展)以偏概全；C项(东西方美学的差异)范畴过大。二轮复习返回导航第一部分专题一阅读理解3归纳段落大意归纳段落大意的 2 种方法方法 1：概括段落大意要准确概括某段的大意，有必要知道该段的逻辑结构。(1) 如果