中学语文中现代汉语语法知识的重要性分析中英文对照

1、关于中学语文中现代汉语语法知识的重要性分析中英文对照About the importance of modern Chinese grammar in middle school language analysis contrast in both Chinese and English 一、学习语法知识的重要性A, the importance of learning grammar knowledge 1.语法知识能理性地指导我们修改病句。从小学到初、高中的语文考试，都有病句修改的题型，病句修改自然离不开语法知识。比如常见的病句类型“成分残缺”、“语序不当”、“搭配不当”、“结构混乱”等，

2、都涉及到句子结构的知识，如果有相关的语法知识，学生自然就会去思考缺了什么成分，句子的哪个成分和哪个成分搭配不当，然后根据句子结构，有针对性地进行修改。如果没有接触过语法，遇到这样一个句子：“从大量的事实中告诉我们，这种做法是行不通的。”一般就会根据生活积累，或者凭感觉去修改，要么去掉“从”和“中”，要么再去第二个句子中的“是”，感觉上是对了，但实际上并没有抓住病句修改的根本原因。如果学习了语法，那情形就完全不一样。因为介宾短语不能作主语，句子的意思就清楚了。1. Grammar can rationally guiding us modify pragmatically. Elementary

3、 school, high school language examination, early has pragmatically change topic, pragmatically to modify natural without grammar knowledge. Such as common type of pragmatically composition is incomplete, the improper word order, improper collocation, the structure of chaos , etc., involves to the se

4、ntence structure of knowledge, if you have relevant knowledge of grammar, students will naturally to think about what is missing, the sentence which ingredients and which components collocation is improper, then according to the sentence structure, are modified accordingly. If there is no contact wi

5、th grammar, encountered such a sentence: from a large number of facts tell us that it wont work. General will according to the accumulation of life, or by feeling to modify, or remove the from and in, or go to yes in the second sentence, feel is right, but does not actually take pragmatically the ro

6、ot cause of the change. If learning the grammar, the situation is completely different. Because of prepositional phrases can not make the subject, the meaning of the sentence. 2.语法知识有助于准确地理解词义。学习语言的组合规则，对于理解词义、辨析反义词、近义词等都有很大帮助。比如语速如何组成词语，词语和词语如何组成短语，其中组合的结构不同，表意也不同。比如“老师”、“孩子”，这是有一个基本成分和一个辅助成分构成的词，这

7、一类词的意义由基本语素的意义来决定；再比如“热爱”和“雪白”这一类词，两个语素中后一个是主体，是偏正结构的词语，这一类词的意义中心在后一个语素上，前一个语素只是起修饰或限制作用。那么，辨析同义词或近义词的结构类型，并抓住词语的核心语素，就会轻而易举地去解决。2. Grammar knowledge helps to accurately understand the meaning. Combination rules of learning a language, to understand and differentiate antonyms, synonyms, etc have ver

8、y big help. Such as the speed of how words, phrases and words to form phrases, the combination of the structure is different, have different meaning. Such as teacher, children, this is a basic component and an auxiliary components constitute a word, this kind of word meaning determined by the basic

9、meaning of morpheme; Again such as love and Snow White this word, after one of the two morphemes is the main body, is a positive end structure of words, this kind of word meaning center after a morpheme, before a morpheme is the modification or limitation of action. Then, analysis of synonyms or nea

10、r-synonyms structure types, and grasp the core of the morpheme words, will be easy to solve. 3.学习语法知识有助于准确地表情达意。因为语法系统地讲解了句子的语气、语体色彩、语境等知识，学习语法，能使学生准确地运用语言，也就是说，有助于提高他们的听说读写的能力。就我们当前的实际情况而论，很重要的一点要使语法教学有助于推广普通话，促进现代汉语规范化。这也是语法教学应该注意的问题。另外，近年来，学生难以找出自己作文中语言运用上的毛病，俗话说“好作文都是修改出来的”，但事实并非如此。大多数学生写作文都是一挥而

11、就，很少有人花时间去修改。一方面是应试的需要，训练快速作文；另一方面的原因恐怕还是缺乏修改语言文字的基本功。3. Learn the grammar knowledge to help dedicating accurately. Because grammar systematically explained the sentence tone, style, context, such as knowledge, learning grammar, to make students use the language accurately, that is, to improve their

12、 ability of listening, speaking, reading and writing. As our current actual situation, it is important to make grammar teaching helps to promote mandarin, promote the standardization of modern Chinese. This is grammar teaching should pay attention to the problem. In addition, in recent years, studen

13、ts are difficult to find out the defect on their thesis in language use, as the saying goes, good composition is modified, but that is not the case. Most of the students write a composition is a stroke, few people take the time to modify. On the one hand, rapid composition training is the need of te

14、st; On the other hand, the reasons may be lack of modify language basic skills. 4.了解和运用现代汉语语法知识是掌握文言语法和句法的基础和前提。实际上，现代汉语语法对于文言文语法和句法学习具有参照作用，如果没有现代汉语语法中关于词语的性质及其功能的规定作为参照，就无所谓文言词语的活用现象。比如名词直接做状语，是相对于现代汉语语法中“名词一般不直接作状语”的规则而言，所以视为词类活用。至于词性变化这几类更是以现代汉语语法的一般词性作为参照原点，这些词在文言语境中临时改变了词性（常常也改变了功能），于是视为活用。由此可

15、见，学习现代汉语语法中词语的词性及其功能、句子的结构等知识，对提高文言文的阅读理解能力有至关重要的作用。4. Understanding and using the modern Chinese grammar knowledge is the basis and premise of classical Chinese grammar and syntax. For writings in classical style grammar and syntax, in fact, the modern Chinese grammar study has reference function,

16、if it is not about the nature of the words in modern Chinese grammar and its functions as a reference, you cant use the words of classical Chinese. Such as noun adverbial directly do, it is relative to the modern Chinese grammar rules of noun is generally not directly used as adverbials,. So as the

17、change of parts of speech As for the part of speech change this a few kinds of parts of speech as a general reference is to the modern Chinese grammar from the origin, the words in the context of classical Chinese temporary changed the part of speech (often) has also changed the function, so as to u

18、se. Therefore, learning the part of speech of the words in a modern Chinese grammar and its functions, sentence structure, such as knowledge, to improve the reading comprehension of writings in classical style has a vital role. 二、对教材编写和课堂教学的几点建议Second, some Suggestions of compiling textbooks and cla

19、ssroom teaching 1.在教材中以附加的形式加入语法知识。在初高中语文教材的后面附加语法知识，分步进行，从初中到高中，逐步将最基本的语法知识，以较为系统的形式展示给学生，为学生随文学习语法知识作参考。虽然教师不必进行集中的语法知识教学，但通过不断参考，学生头脑中有了基本的语法知识体系。这样做，要比只在高中选修课中呈献给学生更方便，更能引起学生的重视。1. In the teaching material in the form of additional join the grammar knowledge. Behind the high school language teac

20、hing material additional grammar knowledge, step by step, from junior middle school to high school, will be the most basic grammar knowledge, gradually in the form of a systematic show students, for students with learning grammar knowledge for reference. Although teachers neednt to grammar teaching,

21、 but through constant reference, students have the basic grammar knowledge system in mind. To do this, than only present in the high school elective courses students more convenient, more can cause the attention of students. 2.中学语文教学中现代汉语语法教学不能艰深。学习语法目的在于是学生了解现代汉语中规律性的东西，从而理性地学习并运用语言。这就要求随文学习中教师适当点拨

22、，不必系统讲解，做到浅显易懂，并要求学生在课后参考相关知识点，为课堂学习做补充。这样做，会使课堂的点滴积累串起来，在学生头脑中形成知识体系。2. The modern Chinese grammar teaching in middle school Chinese teaching cant difficult. Learning grammar in the students to understand the regularity in modern Chinese, thus rationally to learn and use the language. This request

23、along with the teachers in learning appropriate seems, not systems, accessible, and after class, students are required to refer to the related knowledge points, make complement to classroom study. Doing so, can make the classroom applier strung together, in the student knowledge system formed in the

24、 mind. 3.教师要改变以应试为目标的教学理念。大家都知道语法教学费时费力，见效慢，而且理论性强，学生也不爱学，那么评价建议中的“语法修辞知识不作为考试内容”无疑给教师不教、学生不学语法知识找到了合理借口，这样做显得过于鼠目寸光。中、小学的语文教学要着眼于学生的长远发展，要考虑学生的语言文字实际应用能力，不能急功近利，不能让考试目标牵着我们的鼻子走。语法教学如何实践，关键还在与教师清醒的认识及扎实的基本功。3. The teacher must change the teaching concept aimed at test. Grammar teaching is known to a

25、ll time-consuming, laborious work slow, and strong theoretical, students also do not love learning, then the evaluation of the proposed grammatical rhetoric knowledge not as exam content undoubtedly give teachers dont teach, students do not learn grammar knowledge to find a reasonable excuse, do app

26、ear too shortsighted. Middle and primary school language teaching should focus on students long-term development, should consider the students language application ability, cant get rich quick, cannot let the test goals took us by the nose. How grammar teaching practice, the key is also working with

27、 teachers conscious and solid basic skills. 三、结语Three, the conclusion 叶圣陶说过，“语文”一词中，“语”就是口头语言，“文”就是书面语言，不管是口头语言，还是书面语言，语文学习的目标之一就是语言学习。语言学习离不开语法知识，它对于提高学生的语言能力，对于培养学习的文化素养，都有着重要的意义。因此笔者认为中学语文课本在编排上应该补充较为系统的语法知识，从而引起学生的重视，使学生能够系统地了解现代汉语语法知识。Ye shengtao once said that the word language, language is spoken language, wen is written language,