期末-阅读理解分析-郭洁.ppt

1、海淀区期末考试试卷分析 -阅读部分 2012.01,1. 依照教学大纲和2011年中考考试说明命题； 2. 文体多样化，话题贴近学生生活。 3. 考查阅读理解试题所要求的解题技能。 4. 以激励为主，树立学生的信心，指导以后的学习。,命题思路,文章的选材,命题思路,阅读技能的考查,命题思路,试题难度的分布,命题思路,2012来了，过去的2011年发生了什么重大事件呢？A篇介绍了2011年发生的一些重大事件和热门话题，鼓励学生视野放宽，留心国内国际新闻。 三个小题均为细节题，属于简单题。 考查内容：找信息。 解题思路：使用查读方法，先读题目，然后在文章中找出相应内容的句子，再选答案。,试题分析,

2、A篇,A篇出现了一些生词和短语的新用法，如：contain, average, decorated, get off, take on 等，但是都不影响做题，提醒学生，在做A篇阅读的时候，学会看试题，并从文中找到相关信息，不要受生词的影响。,试题分析,A篇,47. The new planet _. C (易） A. might have 365 days a year B. has no water C. might be a future home for human D. has bad weather A new planet more like Earth was discovere

3、d and regarded as a likely future home for human. 48. _ will make the Eiffel Tower become a big tree. B (易） A. 1000 light bulbs B. 600, 000 plants C. 600 light years D. 7 million visitors A French company wants to change the Eiffel Tower into a very tall, and growing Christmas tree made of 600,000 p

4、lants. 49. _ was the winner of Britains Got Talent 2011. D （ 易） A. Steven Hall B. Ronan Parke C. Kelly Clarkson D. Jai McDowall,试题分析,A篇, Jai McDowall finally won because of his wonderful performance.,B篇是一篇记叙文，讲述因为学习不好而辍学的主人公，在街上碰到了一个流浪老人。老人对他非常友善，告诉他两条宝贵的人生经验，一个是不要以貌取人，另一个是通过阅读变得智慧。 这篇类似于心灵鸡汤类的文章，给人

5、一定的触动和启迪。,试题分析,B篇,50. The boy _ when he was 14. （易） A. liked running B. left school C. did well in study D. traveled around the world,试题分析,B篇,分析：细节题 第一段，第一句：When I was 14, I left school with learning disabilities and decided to surf the biggest waves in the world, ,51. Which of the following is true

6、? （中） A. The old man took the boy home. B. The old man was homeless and poor. C. The old man was friendly to the boy. D. The old man and his wife went from city to city.,试题分析,B篇,分析：事实细节+推断题 1. 可用排除法，A、B、D三个选项都有错误之处。 A. The old man took the boy home. （第二段：We walked several blocks until we came upon t

7、he downtown Public Library.得知老人是带他到了图书馆。 B. The old man was homeless and poor.（第五段：I am one of the wealthiest men in the world. 得知老人是世界上最富有的人之一） D. The old man and his wife went from city to city.(第五段：.my wife passed away ; for the past year I have been going from city to city doing just that.得知老人的妻

8、子已经去世，老人独自从一个城市到另一个城市体验流浪汉的生活。) 2.选项C文章中虽然没有直接表述，从文中可以了解到男孩在街上遇到老人，老人问他是否离家出走，后老人把男孩带到图书馆，告诉他两条人生经验，并给了他一些书。从这些可以看出老人对男孩很友善。,52. The old man taught the boy how to _. （中） A. love people B. become wise C. choose friends D. experience the bums life,试题分析,B篇,分析： 推论题 第5段： I want to teach you two things. N

9、umber one is never to judge a book by its cover, for a cover fools you. 得知老人告诉男孩的第一条人生经验，不要以貌取人。 第6 段， “Number two is to learn how to read, for there is only one thing that people cant take away from you, and that is your wisdom.”得知老人告诉男孩的第二条人生经验，学会如何阅读。 A， C 选项文中没有涉及，D 选项是指老人在体验流浪汉的生活，但是他没有让男孩去体验。

10、“wise” 的意思是智慧。在这里有双关的含义，同时包含了两条人生经验。不要以貌取人和学会如何阅读都是在让男孩变得智慧。,c 篇是一篇说明文， 从玛雅人信仰的神明、寺庙、建筑物、历法、消失等几个方面 ， 用朴素易懂的语言为我们展示了神秘的玛雅。,试题分析,C篇,53. What does the underlined word “ elaborate ”mean? A. easily built B. carefully made C. slowly fixed D. quickly designed （中）,分析： 猜词题 第三段 Although the cities that Maya

11、built were beautiful. 第四段 They lived in small huts with no windows 可以判断出大多玛雅人居住的房子比城市的建筑物要简易得多 Their houses were much simpler than the elaborate buildings in the cities.所以elaborate 这个词意思跟simple 的意思是相反的。Simple 是简易，简单，那它就是精细,精巧的意思。 A. easily built 是简易建造的意思。 C. slowly fixed 是慢慢修理的意思 D. quickly designed

12、 是很快设计的意思 B. carefully made 有精心制作的意思，正好符合elaborate的意思。,54. From the passage we can infer that _. （难） most Maya lived in beautiful cities many Mayan cities and temples are still standing C. the Maya were intelligent and culturally rich people D. the Mayan calendar was the same as European calendars,分

13、析：推论题 1. 可用排除法，A、B、D三个选项都有错误之处。 A. most Maya lived in beautiful cities. (第三段Although the cities that the Maya built were beautiful, and the people worked hard to build them, very few of the people lived in them. 得出只有少部分人住在城市。 B. many Mayan cities and temples are still standing. (第二段文中细节） D. the Maya

14、n calendar was the same as European calendars.(第五段 The Mayan calendar was far more exact than the European calendars of the time.文中错误的细节。) 2. 选项C文章中虽然没有直接表述，但是从第一段The Mayan achievements were many. The Mayan people knew a lot about nature and the world around them. This knowledge helped them to live

15、a better life than most people of that time, because they could use it to make their lives more comfortable and rewarding. 得出玛雅人是一个智慧、有丰富文化的民族。,55. What can be the best title for this article? Mayan Gods B. Mayan Building C. Productive Maya D. Mysterious Maya （中）,试题分析,分析：主旨题 文章的best title也就是把文章的主要讲述

16、的内容用标题的形式表达出来。这篇文章有一个隐含的关键单词：mysterious. A选项选项的中心词gods是只是对第二段玛雅人信仰的神明的概括。B选项的中心词是buildings, 是对第二、三、四段的一个描述。C选项的中心词是productive，是对第一段Knowledge about tools and farming, for example, made their work easier and more productive.工具和农业多产的描述。 A ,B,C选项太片面，不能很好的概括全文。 通过读全文，第一段主要是讲述有丰富文化的玛雅人的很多成就。第二、三、四段是对神的崇拜，

17、他们修建的很多寺庙和建筑物,至今屹立不倒 。 第四段讲的是历法，他们的历法比当时的欧洲历法要准确的多。这在现代人看来都是很不可思议的。最后一段讲述的是玛雅人的消失，没人知道原因。玛雅人创造出了令人称奇的高度文明，突然消失，留下了很多未解之谜。所以D 选项的mysterious比较好的概括了全文的主要内容。,这是一篇讲述有关消防工作的危险性和引入新的消防技术的文章。,试题分析,D篇,56. What does the underlined word “counterparts” refer to in the passage? （中） A. changesB. buildingsC. jobsD

18、. fires,分析： 指代题 从第一段Todays buildings use many more synthetic materials than those built 30 years ago did. As a result, when they catch fire, they burn at a much higher temperature and give off much more energy than their older counterparts do. 得出现在的建筑物由于比三十年前的建筑物更多使用人工制造的合成材料，所以在燃烧的时候温度会比以前的建筑物温度更高，

19、释放出更多的能量，所以counterparts指代的是建筑物。,57. What can we learn from the passage about backdrafts? （难） A. Backdrafts make all the materials burn up at once. B. Backdrafts can be stopped by giving off more oxygen. C. Backdrafts can make the firefighters die of oxygen shortage. D. Backdrafts are followed by gas

20、 explosions and flashovers.,分析： 推断题 A选项Backdrafts make all the materials burn up at once.错误的细节。 They include flashovers (跳火) . Temperature increases so greatly that some materials in an area burn up at once. 得出Flashover（跳火）会造成所有的材料立即爆炸，而不是backdrafts. B选项错误的推断， The most dangerous effect of a backdraf

21、t is that it can actually take in all the oxygen out of a room where firefighters are working. 得出backdrafts 不是释放更多的氧气就会停止。 D选项错误的细节,Finally, there are gas explosions(爆炸). They happen when extreme heat causes gases to spread quickly. 得出在flashovers ,backdrafts 后才会有gas explosions. 而文中The most dangerous

22、 effect of a backdraft is that it can actually take in all the oxygen out of a room where firefighters are working.得出backdrafts最可怕的一个后果就是能马上吸走屋里的氧气，从而推出正在灭火的消防员可能会死于缺氧。,58. Why does the author say that the US makes a “poor showing”? (中) A. Because there are more and more fires happening these years.

23、 B. Because they didnt work hard enough to fight against the fires. C. Because the number of firefighters dying of firefighting gets larger. D. Because the death rate among US firefighters hasnt changed much.,分析： 细节题 A选项错在与问题无关，poor showing 出现在第三段，第三段主要说的是尽管美国的消防员在非常努力的与火灾做斗争，但是消防员的死亡率在近三十年里没有变化。 B选

24、项错在表述不准确且与问题无关，原文：American firefighters have worked hard to fight against the dangers of modern firefighting.美国的消防员非常努力的与火灾做斗争， C选项中错在表述不准确，原文：Unfortunately, death rates have remained nearly unchanged during the last 30 years.消防员的死亡率在近三十年里没有变化。 The number of firefighters gets larger. 而D 选项the death

25、rate among US firefighters hasnt changed much. 正是US makes a “poor showing”的原因。,59. What is the main idea of this passage? （难） A. The causes of fires and the ways to put out fires successfully. B. Some advice on keeping firefighters safe and using 3-D firefighting. C. The work of firefighters and the

26、 ways to protect firefighters in fires. D. The dangers of firefighting and the possibilities of a new technique.,分析： 主旨题 A选项的关键词是causes和ways to put out fire，causes of fire 在文章中没有提到，ways to put out fires ，文章中第四，五段提到了只提到了3-D technique(技术)，保护消防员安全的技术。 B选项的关键词是advice和 using 3-D firefighting. advice 在文章中

27、没有涉及. C选项的关键词是work 和ways, work of firefighters 在文章中没有具体涉及。 D选项中的关键词dangers和possibilities，文章第一，二段主要描述了消防工作的危险性。文章第一段第一句 Fighting fires has always been a dangerous job.第二段第一句Hotter fires result in in especially dangerous situations 第三段主要说的是消防员死亡率的问题。第四，五段主要是引入新的消防技术的可能性。 全文的线索：,消防工作的危险性,消防员死亡率居高不下,引入新

28、的消防技术的可能性,还原句子：记叙文“911事件一条英雄狗的故事”,试题分析,试题分析,Michael Hingson was a Computer sales manager. 60 E, when American Airlines Flight 11 crashed into the other side of the building, 18 floors above on the morning of 9/11 ( September 11th ).,顺承关系,试题分析,Just as they got out of the building on 9/11, the south tower fell down. 61 A , but Roselle remained totally focused on its job. . 转折关系、并列关系,试题分析, 62C . More than 400,000 people votes for Roselle and 7 other dogs. But it was Hingsons moving description of its actions on