（课标专用）天津市2020高考英语二轮复习专题九情态动词与虚拟语气课件.pptx

1、专题九情态动词与虚拟语气,-2-,突破点一,突破点二,情态动词 考查方向1 can/could与be able to 1.can/could用来表示“一般能力”;be able to有多种时态,且用来表示在特定条件下的“具体能力”。 如:My grandma is over seventy,but she can still read without glasses. He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out. 2.表示允许可用can或could,与may/might意义接近。could可用于一般现在时,只是语气更加委婉、客气,回答

2、时则一般要用can而不用could。 如:Could I have the television on? Yes,you can./No,you cant.,-3-,突破点一,突破点二,3.can用于肯定句中,表示客观的、偶尔的可能性。 如:It can also snow in the south of China in winter. Babies can be noisy and troublesome sometimes. 4.can在特殊疑问句中可表示惊讶的语气。 如:How can you make such a foolish decision?,-4-,突破点一,突破点二,经典

3、例题 (2017北京卷)Samuel,the tallest boy in our class, easily reach the books on the top shelf. A.mustB.should C.canD.need 思路点拨must“必须,一定,偏要”;should“应该,竟然”;can“能够,可能”;need“需要”。根据the tallest boy可以判断,塞缪尔应该是很容易就“能够”够到书架顶端的书。所以C项正确。句意:塞缪尔是我们班最高的男生,他很容易就能够到书架顶层的书。 答案:C,-5-,突破点一,突破点二,考查方向2 may 与might 1.表示允许,意为“

4、可以,许可”,用法基本上同can与could。 如:May I use your bicycle? 2.表示可能性,意为“也许,可能”。 如:According to the weather forecast,it may rain tomorrow. 3.may/might可用于短语:may/might as well“最好”“还是样的好”和may well“很可能”中。 如:He may well not accept your invitation. Since you have such a good chance,you may as well make good use of it

5、.,-6-,突破点一,突破点二,经典例题 (2018天津和平区一模)Some people who dont like to talk much are not necessarily shy;they just be quiet people. A.mayB.must C.shouldD.would 思路点拨根据前句中的not necessarily判断,设空处应该表示不确定的意思,故选A项。句意:有些不喜欢说话的人不一定是害羞,他们可能只是安静的人。 答案:A,-7-,突破点一,突破点二,考查方向3 must 与have to 1.must用来表示说话人的主观看法;have to表示客观的

6、需要,强调外界压力,不得已而为之。 如:He said that they must work hard.(主观上要做这件事) My brother was ill,so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.(客观上需要做这件事),-8-,突破点一,突破点二,2.表示“不必”,须用dont have to或neednt。mustnt表示“禁止,绝对不可”。 如:You dont have to tell him about it. Must we do it now? No,you neednt. You mustnt tel

7、l him about it. 3.must还可表示一种反感或劝解的语气,意为“非得,偏要”。 如:Why must you ask so many unnecessary questions? Must you leave us so early?We will miss you.,-9-,突破点一,突破点二,经典例题 (2017天津卷)My room is a mess,but I clean it before I go out tonight.I can do it in the morning. A.darentB.shouldnt C.needntD.mustnt 思路点拨根据最后

8、一句“I can do it in the morning.”判断,but 之后的分句应该表示“我没必要今晚出门之前清理”。darent“不敢”;shouldnt“不应该”;neednt “没必要”;mustnt “不准”。句意:我的房间一团糟,但我今晚出门前不必打扫。我可以早上打扫。根据句意可知C项正确。 答案:C,-10-,突破点一,突破点二,考查方向4 shall,should 与ought to 1.shall常用以表示下面三个方面的意思: (1)用于第一、三人称的疑问句中,用来征求对方的意见或请求指示。 如:What shall he do next? (2)用于第二、三人称的陈述句

9、中,表示说话人的意愿,有“命令、警告、允诺、威胁、强制”等意思。 如:He shall stay in bed. You shall have it back next week. He says he wont go,but I say he shall. (3)用于表示法律法规及规章制度所做出的规定。 如:In our mall all payments shall be made in cash.,-11-,突破点一,突破点二,2.should表示“建议”或“劝告”,有“应该”之意。 如:You should learn from each other. 3.ought to表示根据某种

10、义务或必要“应当”做某事。 如:Everyone ought to obey the traffic regulations. 4.should和ought to也可用来表示推测,意为“想必会”。 如:When can I come for the photos?I need them tomorrow afternoon. They should be ready by 12:00. 5.should也可以表示惊讶的语气,意为“竟然”,或者表示一种可能性很小的假设,意为“万一”。 如:You should speak to your mother in such a rude way. If

11、 the machine should break down halfway,call us immediately.,-12-,突破点一,突破点二,经典例题 (2018天津部分区高三质量调查)What do you think would happen if the machine suddenly stop working? A.shouldB.might C.couldD.would 思路点拨根据从句中的suddenly判断,the machine stop working应该是一件不经常发生的事情,所以选择should,表达“万一”之意。故A项正确。句意:如果机器万一突然停止工作,你认

12、为会怎么样呢? 答案:A,-13-,突破点一,突破点二,考查方向5 will 与would 1.will 用于各种人称,表示意志、意愿或决心等。 如:If you will keep your watch half an hour slow,it is hardly surprising that you are late for your appointments. 2.will表示习惯性的动作,意为“总是,惯于”。 如:An Englishman will usually show you the way in the street. 3.would可表示过去反复发生的动作。 如:On S

13、undays he would get up early and go fishing.,-14-,突破点一,突破点二,经典例题 I still remember my happy childhood when my mother take me to Disneyland at weekends. A.mightB.must C.wouldD.should 思路点拨might“可能,也许”;must“必须,一定”;would“过去常常”;should“应该,竟然,万一”。根据my happy childhood判断,“我”在回忆“我”儿时的经历,所以选would,表示“过去常常”之意。故C项

14、正确。句意:我仍然记得我的快乐童年,那时我妈妈经常在周末带我去迪士尼乐园。 答案:C,-15-,突破点一,突破点二,考查方向6 表示主观推测的情态动词 1.肯定句中用must(一定,很可能),may(可能),might/could(也许,或许)表示推测。表示对当前行为、情况或状态的推测,用must/may/might/could+do/be句型;表示对此时此刻正在进行的动作的推测,用must/may/might/could+be doing句型;表示对过去发生的事情的推测,用must/may/might/could+have done/been句型。 如:I always meet him i

15、n the street.He must/may/might/could live quite near here. There is still light in his room.He must/may/might/could be studying at this time. I didnt hear the phone.I must have been asleep.,-16-,突破点一,突破点二,2.否定句中用can/could或may/might表示推测。 如:Though he is busy,he cant/may not refuse your invitation beca

16、use you are good friends. The room cant have been cleaned by Li Ping,because she left here half a year ago. 3.疑问句中常用can/could表示推测。 如:Can he be English? No.He cant be English.He must be American. The dictionary has disappeared.Who could have taken it?,-17-,突破点一,突破点二,经典例题 (2018天津卷)I cant find my purse

17、.I it in the supermarket yesterday,but Im not sure. A.should leave B.must have left C.might leave D.could have left 思路点拨根据Im not sure判断,设空处应该是可能性不大的推测。根据时间状语yesterday判断,leave这一动作发生在过去,故选D项。句意:我找不到我的钱包了。可能昨天我把它落在超市了,但我不确定。 答案:D,-18-,突破点一,突破点二,考查方向7 “情态动词+have done”结构 1.must have done sth.用来表示对过去事情的肯定

18、推测。 如:Since the road is wet,it must have rained last night. 2.should/ought to have done sth.表示“(过去)本应该做某事(而实际上未做)”,一般含有责备的意味。 如:You should have come here a little earlier. 3.could have done sth.表示“(过去)本能够、本可以做某事(而实际上未做)”,有时也含有责备意味。 如:Given more time,he could have done it better.,-19-,突破点一,突破点二,4.nee

19、d not have done sth.表示“(过去)本不必、无须做某事(而实际上已做)”。 如:You neednt have come last night. 5.shouldnt/oughtnt to have done 用来表示“本不该干却已经干了的事情”,有责备或后悔的意思。 如:You shouldnt have gone to sleep with your window open last night.,-20-,突破点一,突破点二,经典例题 (2017天津卷春)Someone the tap on,for the water was running over and floo

20、ding the bathroom. A.could leave B.must have left C.might leave D.should have left 思路点拨根据the water was running over可以判断,“一定”是有人没关水龙头,而且该动作发生在过去,故用must have left表示对发生在过去的情况的肯定猜测,所以B项正确。句意:肯定有人忘了关水龙头,水溢了出来把浴室淹了。 答案:B,-21-,突破点一,突破点二,虚拟语气 考查方向1 虚拟语气在虚拟条件句中的应用,-22-,突破点一,突破点二,-23-,突破点一,突破点二,1.在具体运用中,条件从句中

21、有时可省略if而采用倒装结构。 如:Had it not been for your help,we wouldnt have achieved so much. 2.without/but for,but,otherwise等常用来表示某种假设条件。 如:I wouldnt have made such rapid progress without your help. I didnt make full preparations for the interview,otherwise/or I would have been admitted into the company. 3.有时候

22、从句动作和主句动作发生的时间不一致,这时谓语动词的形式要根据各自的时间来调整。 如:If the weather had been more favourable,the crops would be growing still better.,-24-,突破点一,突破点二,经典例题1 (2017江苏卷) not for the support of the teachers,the student could not overcome her difficulty. A.It wereB.Were it C.It wasD.Was it 思路点拨分析句子逻辑关系可知,前句是后句的条件。这是一

23、种假设,如果使用虚拟条件句来表示应为:If it were not for the support of the teachers。当虚拟条件句中出现should,had,were时,可以省略引导词if,并将should,had,were提到句首,构成部分倒装句,所以D项正确。句意:要是没有老师们的支持,这名学生就不可能克服她的困难。 答案:B,-25-,突破点一,突破点二,经典例题2 (2016天津卷)I was wearing a seatbelt.If I hadnt been wearing one,I . A.were injured B.would be injured C.had

24、 been injured D.would have been injured 思路点拨根据was wearing判断,该句描述的是发生在过去的事情,且由if条件句可知,从句应用过去完成时,主句用would+have done的形式,故D项正确。句意:我当时系着安全带。如果我没有系着安全带,我就会受伤了。 答案:D,-26-,突破点一,突破点二,考查方向2 几种需要变化时态的虚拟语气 1.wish之后的宾语从句以及跟wish有关的表语从句、同位语从句或主语从句,都用虚拟语气,从句谓语动词变为相应的过去的时态。 如:I failed in the exam.I really wish I had

25、 known the answers. 2.would rather之后的从句用虚拟语气,表示现在或将来的愿望时,用一般过去时;表示过去的愿望时,用过去完成时。 如:I would rather you met her at the airport tomorrow. 3.if only后面的句子用虚拟语气,表示过去的愿望用过去完成时;表示现在的愿望用一般过去时;表示将来的愿望用过去将来时。 如:If only I had not come here alone.,-27-,突破点一,突破点二,4.as if引导的方式状语从句用虚拟语气,时态变化跟if only后面的虚拟语气相同。 5.在It

26、 is(high) time(that)后面的定语从句使用虚拟语气,从句谓语动词用一般过去时或者“should+动词原形”。 如:It is high time that we should take effective actions to stop pollution.,-28-,突破点一,突破点二,经典例题1 It is no use envying others success.Its time you hard. A.must work B.were to work C.work D.should work 思路点拨Its time(that).中的定语从句需用虚拟语气,即从句谓语动

27、词用“should+动词原形”或者一般过去时,所以D项正确。句意:妒忌别人的成功是没有用的,该是你努力工作的时候了。 答案:D,-29-,突破点一,突破点二,经典例题2 It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I it? A.had doneB.have done C.didD.am doing 思路点拨as if引导的方式状语从句使用虚拟语气,根据前句中的was和broke判断,该句描述的是过去的情况,所以从句使用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的假设,因此A项正确。句意:打破窗户的是约翰,为什么你跟我说话

28、的样子就好像是我做了这件事? 答案:A,-30-,突破点一,突破点二,考查方向3 通过“should+动词原形”构成的虚拟语气 1.在It is/was necessary/important/strange/natural/vital/essential/a shame/a pity that.句型中,that引导的主语从句中用虚拟语气,即谓语动词用“(should)+动词原形”。 如:It is necessary that he(should) be sent there at once.,-31-,突破点一,突破点二,2.在insist(坚决要求)/suggest(建议)/recomm

29、end/propose/order/ demand/require/request等后的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气,从句谓语用(should) do的形式。 如:He suggested that we (should) start at once. 在It is suggested/proposed that引导的主语从句以及名词insistence/suggestion/proposal/order/demand等后面的表语从句、同位语从句中也要用虚拟语气,谓语的形式同这些名词相应的动词后面的宾语从句的形式一致。 如:Their proposal is that their output (s

30、hould) be increased by 20%.,-32-,突破点一,突破点二,经典例题 (2018 天津南开中学4月月考)The suggestion our teacher at the meeting is that students in time after learning. A.made;review B.make;review C.should make;reviewed D.made;reviewed 思路点拨第一空考查定语从句our teacher at the meeting的时态,make the suggestion 这一动作已经发生,所以用一般过去时;第二空考

31、查the suggestion 后面的表语从句的谓语动词,需用虚拟语气,即“(should)+动词原形”。综合判断,A项符合题意。句意:我们老师在会上提的建议是学生在学完后应及时复习。 答案:A,-33-,1.(2019江苏卷)What a pity!You missed the sightseeing,or we a good time together. A.hadB.will have C.would have hadD.had had 解析:句意:太遗憾了!你错过了这次观光,否则我们会一起玩得很愉快。并列连词or前面用一般过去时表示真实的情况,or后面是虚拟语气,所以谓语动词使用wou

32、ld have done。,C,-34-,2.(2018江苏卷)Its strange that he have taken the books without the owners permission. A.wouldB.should C.couldD.might 解析:句意:简直是太奇怪了,他竟然未得到主人的允许就把这些书拿走了。在“Its strange that.”句型中,that引导的主语从句的谓语部分用“should+动词原形”,属于should的用法之一,所以答案为B项。,B,-35-,3.(2018北京卷)In todays information age,the loss

33、of data cause serious problems for a company. A.needB.should C.canD.must 解析:句意:在当今的信息时代,对于一个公司来说,数据的丢失可能会造成严重的后果。根据句意可知,语境要体现的是一种客观的可能性,因此用can符合语境。,C,-36-,4.(2017天津卷春)Ten days are devoted to this training program and it be unsuccessful,it could be repeated later. A.shouldB.could C.mightD.would 解析:句意

34、:这项培训项目用了十天的时间。如果不能成功的话,之后会重复进行该项目。should“假如,万一,要是”,常用在if条件句中。此处为省略了if的虚拟条件句,把should提到句首省略了if。Should it be.=If it should be.。,A,-37-,5.(2018天津红桥区二模)The two walls are to bear the weight of the room.You remove them. A.needntB.couldnt C.mustntD.darent 解析:句意:这两堵墙是承重墙。你不能把它们移走。mustnt“禁止,千万不能”,符合语境。neednt

35、“不必”;couldnt“不能”;darent“不敢”。,C,-38-,6.(2018天津十二所重点中学高三一联)Im not sure of the reason for the dogs illness,but it by eating too much. A.may have been causedB.need have been caused C.should have been causedD.must have been caused 解析:句意:我不能确定这只狗生病的原因,但可能是吃得太多的缘故。此处表示对过去情况不太肯定的推测,需用may have done,故选A项。shou

36、ld have done“过去本应该做而没有做”;must have done“过去一定做了”,表示对过去情况的肯定推测。,A,-39-,7.Waiters are requested to treat every customer as if they guests in their own house. A.areB.were C.would beD.had 解析:句意:服务员被要求要像对待自己家里的客人一样对待每一位顾客。as if引导的方式状语从句是对现在情况的假设,故需用动词的过去式,选B项。,B,-40-,8.(2018天津第一中学五月月考)No student go out of

37、 school after eleven oclock at night without the teachers permission. A.willB.must C.mayD.shall 解析:句意:未经老师许可,学生在晚上十一点以后不得离校。shall表示条约、规章、法令等文件中的义务或规定。故选D项。,D,-41-,9.(2018天津卷)If we the flight yesterday,we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach now. A.had caughtB.caught C.have caughtD.would catch

38、解析:句意:如果我们昨天赶上飞机的话,那我们现在就已经在海滩上享受假期了。此处为if引导的虚拟条件句,由yesterday可知从句应用过去完成时(had+过去分词)。故选A项。,A,-42-,10.(2017北京卷)If the new safety system to use,the accident would never have happened. A.had been putB.were put C.should be putD.would be put 解析:句意:如果新的安全系统已经被投入使用,那么这个事故就不会发生了。根据句意可知,此处表示对过去的事情进行假设,所以条件句应使用

39、过去完成时态。,A,-43-,11.(2017天津高考压轴卷)We would rather our daughter at home with us,but it is her choice,and she is not a child any longer. A.would stayB.has stayed C.stayedD.stay 解析:句意:我们宁愿女儿和我们一起待在家里,但这是她的选择,她已不再是孩子了。此处考查虚拟语气,指女儿没像“我”们希望的那样待在家里,与现在事实相反,故选C项。,C,-44-,12.If it for his invitation the other da

40、y,I should not be here now. A.had not beenB.should not be C.were not to beD.should not have been 解析:句意:如果没有他那天的邀请,我现在不会在这里。此处的从句是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,所以用“had+过去分词”。 13.He ,but he chose to stay and fight. A.escapedB.did escape C.might escapeD.could have escaped 解析:句意:他本可以逃跑,但是他选择留下来战斗。could have done 表示本来可以做

41、某事而实际没做。,A,D,-45-,14.There will be a new film tonight. Yes.But for tomorrows test,I to see it with you. A.will goB.will have gone C.would goD.would have gone 解析:第二句话的意思是“要不是因为明天有考试,我就会跟你一起去了”。主句表示将来不可能实现的主观愿望,故用“would+动词原形”。,C,-46-,15.Will you read me a story,Mummy? OK.You have one if you go to bed as soon as possible. A.shallB.must C.couldD.might 解析:句意:妈妈,你给我读一个故事好吗?好吧。如果你尽快上床睡觉的话,你会有故事听的。在肯定句中,第二人称后面跟shall可表示“许诺”。,A,-47-,16.I told your friend how to get to the hotel,but perhap