名词性从句讲解归纳

1、名词性从句讲解归纳在主从复合句中，从句可以充当主句的主语、表语、宾语或同位语。由于在多数情况下这四种句子成分由名词性词类充当，所以把这些从句统称为名词性从句，分别称为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句或同位语从句。名词性从句由连接词（或关联词）引导。常用的连接词有连接词作用whether 是否 that (本身无词义)只起连接词作用，引导从句，在从句中不作任何成分who, whom, whose which 哪一个 what 什么，所的在从句中分别作主语、宾语和定语在从句中分别作主语、宾语和定语在从句中分别作主语、宾语和定语when什么时候，where什么地方how怎样、怎么，why为什么除了起连接

2、词作用外，还在从句中作状语疑问词（who, whom, whose, what, which, where, why, when, how）可以引导主语、宾语和表语从句。它们的特点是：1、疑问词有本身的词义；2、疑问词在从句中担当句子成分，如主语、宾语或状语；3、这种疑问词引导的从句一律用陈述语序。Do you know whom they are looking for? 你知道他们在找谁吗？（宾语从句，陈述语序。不能是whom are they looking for?）I dont know who did it.我不知道这是谁干的。（宾语从句。在从句中如果疑问词作主语，其陈述语序和疑问

3、语序一致。）She asked me where I had been.她问我到哪儿去了。（宾语从句。陈述语序，不能是where had I been.注意这句话的时态。）Can you tell me when the train will arrive? 你能告诉我火车什么时候到吗？(宾语从句。陈述语序，不能是when will the train arrive.)I dont know why he hasnt come yet. 我不知道他为什么还没来。（宾语从句，陈述语序。不能是why hasnt he come yet）What you have done might do har

4、m t other people. 你所做过的事情有可能伤害别人。（主语从句。what 作从句的宾语。陈述语序，不能是what have you done. 如果用疑问语序，意思发生了变化，成了“你做了什么？”。）I dont know where he is now. 我不知道他现在在哪里。（宾语从句，陈述语序。不能是where is he now. ）Where he went for his weekend is not known. 不知道他去哪里过的周末。（主语从句，where 作从句的地点状语。陈述语序，不能是where did he go for his weekend.）Who

5、se fault this is is not important. 这是谁的过错并不重要。（主语从句，whose 作从句的定语。陈述语序，不能是whose fault is this.）What I want to know is where he has gone for his weekend. 我想知道的是他到哪里度周末去了。（这句话包含两个名词性从句：what I want to know是主语从句，what 在从句中作宾语，从句用陈述语序，不能是What do I want to know. Where he has gone for his weekend 是表语从句，where

6、 在从句中作状语，从句用陈述语序，不能是where has he gone for his weekend.）一、主语从句1that 引导主语从句时，that 没有意义，但不能省略。（that 引导宾语从句时可以省略。）It worried her a bit that her hair was turning gray.她的头发正在变白，这使她很不安。that引导主语从句，it 作形式主语，that 不能省略。That she is a rich woman is known to us all. 众所周知，她是个富有的女人。这是that 引导主语从句，that不能省略。这句话可以改为用it

7、 作形式主语的句型。请同学们改写：It is known to us all that she is a rich woman.We didnt know (that) you had sold your house. 我们不知道你已经把你的房子卖了。这是that引导宾语从句，that 可以省略。注意这句话的时态。2从句作主语时，多数情况下由 it 作形式主语，而把主语从句放在后面，尤其是谓语部分（包括宾语）较短的情况下。It wasnt very clear what she meant. 不清楚她是什么意思。It is important that he should come on ti

8、me. 他按时来是很重要的It is true that that man on the left is a well-known writer here. 左边那个人是本地的一位著名作家，这是真的。这里，第一个that 引导主语从句，是单纯的连词，无词义，不作句子成分。第二个that 是指示代词，作句子成分，是man 的定语。3whether 既可以引导主语从句也可以引导宾语从句，但if不能引导主语从句。whether 后面可以加or not而if 不能与or not 连用。作介词宾语时不用if.如：Whether I knew John doesnt matter. = It doesnt

9、 matter whether I knew John. 我是否认识约翰没有关系Whether or not shell come isnt clear. = Whether shell come or not isnt clear. = It isnt clear whether她是否来还不清楚It all depends on whether we can get their cooperation. 这是主语从句还是宾语从句？it 是形式主语吗？it 是代词，whether 引导的是宾语从句，作介词on 的宾语，不能用if引导。请翻译这句话。这完全取决于我们是否能得到他们的合作I wor

10、ry about whether I hurt her feelings. 宾语从句，介词宾语，不能用if 引导。请翻译这句话。She asked me whether/if you were married. 宾语从句，既可以用whether, 又可以用if 引导。注意时态的对应。It remains to be seen whether the ex-president will be sentenced to death这位前总统是否会被判处死刑还有待观察It is a pity that Prof. Wang cant attend our English Evening 真可惜，王教

11、授不能出席我们的英语晚会二、宾语从句在谓语动词、介词、动词不定式、分词、动名词之后都可以带有宾语从句。某些形容词如sure, happy, glad，certain, pleased 等之后也可以带有宾语从句1， that 引导的宾语从句: that 没有意义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略I really feel shes making a mistake. 我的确感到她正犯错误Hearing that his son was badly wounded, he hurried to the hospital to see him听说儿子受了重伤，他急忙赶到医院去看望他I suggested

12、that we should go home. 我建议我们回家去。虚拟语气，that一般不省略2whether/if (是否)引导的宾语从句：如果要突出“究竟是还是不”，常在whether 后面加or not; if 一般不与or not连用 He asked me if/whether I knew John. 他问我是否认识约翰Let me know whether you can come or not. 你能来还是不能来，告诉我一声3在think, believe, suppose, expect 等动词的宾语从句中，否定不用在从句中，而是将think 等词变为否定形式 I dont

13、think the film is interesting.我觉得这部电影没什么意思I dont suppose we are going outing tomorrow. 我认为我们明天不会出去郊游4如果从句作宾语而后面还有补语，为了保持句子的平衡，用it 作形式宾语，而将宾语从句放在句尾常跟这样的复合宾语的动词有：make, find, see, hear, feel, think, consider, regard, take.for granted等George made it clear that he opposed this project. 乔治已明确表示他反对这个项目。it

14、代表that 引导的句子，作宾语，clear 是宾语补足语 They kept it quiet that he was dead. 对他已经死亡的消息，他们秘而不宣I took it for granted that youd stay with us. 我想当然认为你会和我们呆在一起三、同位语从句同位语从句是对名词的内容给予具体、详细的说明。常在后面接同位语从句的名词有fact, news, idea，truth, hope, suggestion, question, problem, doubt, fear, belief等。同位语从句常用的引导词为that,有是也用when, whe

15、re 等疑问词The news that the United States was hit by terrorist attacks took the whole world by surprise. 美国受到恐怖主义分子袭击的消息令全世界吃惊The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong.你认为不动脑筋就能做好这件工作的想法是完全错误的People used to hold the belief that the earth was the center of the universe. 人们曾

16、认为地球是宇宙的中心The difficulty lies in the fact that we are short of money.困难在于我们缺乏资金这个事实They have no idea at all where he has gone.他们一点儿也不知道他去哪儿了注意：同位语从句的that 只是引导词，没有其他语法作用，在句子中不作句子成分，不能省略；而定语从句中的that 除了引导定语从句外，还是定语从句的一个成分，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不能省略，作宾语时可以省略The idea that some peoples are superior to others i

17、s sheer nonsense.有些民族优越于其他民族这种想法简直荒谬。（请辨别是同位语从句还是定语从句。）（同位语从句）The idea that he proposed at the meeting is sheer nonsense. 他在会议上提出的这个想法简直荒谬。（请辨别是同位语从句还是定语从句。）（定语从句）No one is happy with the fact that he found out. 没有人对他发现的事实感到高兴。（请辨别是同位语从句还是定语从句。）（定语从句）No one is happy with the fact that he will become

18、 their boss.没有人对他将成为他们的老板这一事实感到高兴。（请辨别是同位语从句还是定语从句。）（同位语从句）四、表语从句表语从句位于主句的连系动词之后，在非正式文体中引导词that可以省略。Thats not what I want. 那不是我要的 Thats why I have come.那就是我为什么来了My opinion is that things will improve.我的意见是事情会好起来的The problem is who is to pay and when we can start.问题是谁来付帐、我们又何时开始What surprised me was

19、that he spoke English so well.使我感到吃惊的是他英语讲得那么好What I want to know is where we shall go and whether she will join us. 我想知道的是我们要去什么地方以及她是否加入我们此外，表语从句还可由as if （好像）引导； It looked as if it was/were going to rain. （虚拟语气）五、形容词后的that 从句that 引导的名词性从句还可以用在一些形容词后面。这种句型一般都用人作主语，所用的形容词都是表示思想状况或感情色彩的形容词，如certain,

20、sure, positive, afraid, convinced, anxious, disappointed, worried，glad, happy, sorry, amazed, surprised, aware, doubtful, confident等等I am sure/certain that hes at home now.我肯定他现在在家He became angry that you made the same mistake. 你犯了同样的错误，他生气了He remains confident that he will win. 他仍然自信他会赢She is aware

21、 that I cant help her. 她知道我帮不了她的忙I am glad that youve come. 你来了我很高兴I am afraid that I cant promise you anything. 恐怕我不能向你保证什么We were rather disappointed that you were not able to come yesterday. 昨天你没能来我们有点失望I am a bit worried that she will not be able to make it. 我有点担心她做不成这件事情六、what 从句的小结1 意思是“所.的事/物

22、”, 相当于the thing(s) that, that which, 或those which 可以用于以下情况：(1)引导主语从句 What she saw frightened her. 她看到的事情吓了她一跳What was once regarded as impossible has now become a reality. 曾经被认为不可能的事情，现在已经变成了事实What Im afraid of is their taking him to that place. 我怕的是他们带他到那地方去What we are worrying about is just her in

23、nocence. 我们担心的是她的幼稚But what hurt our feelings most was the personal comment of the judge. 最伤我们感情的是法官的私下评论What will be, will be. 要发生的事总是要发生的（谚语） What is gone is gone. 过去的事就过去了(2)引导表语从句 Thats what I hope. 那就是我希望的I should like to be a teacher. Thats what I want to be. 我想当老师，那是我想干的事Times are not what th

24、ey used to be. 时代不同了 Hes not what he was a few years ago. 他不是几年前的他了Your health is not what it ought to be. 你的身体应该更好(3)引导宾语从句，包括介词宾语 He could not express what he felt. 他不能表达他的感受 Well, Ill do what I can. 好吧，我尽力I cant do what youve just asked of me. 我不能做你刚才要求我的事And having got what he wanted, he took hi

25、s hat and went away. 得到了他要的东西，他拿上帽子就走了As a friend of yours, I want to tell you what I hear. 作为你的朋友，我想告诉你我所听到的The father began to criticize what the boy had done. 父亲开始批评男孩所做的事She was not happy at what he had said. 她对他说的话不高兴The city is different from what it was ten years ago. 这座城市和十年前不同了It was a smal

26、l place then compared to what it is now. 和现在比起来，它那时候是个小地方I dont care about money or what people call position. 我不在乎金钱或者别人所谓的地位They paid fifty percent of what they were able to earn to the state 他们能挣来的东西，百分之五十交给了国家2 用作插入语，指代后面的成分。这和非限定性定语从句正好相反，非限定性定语从句指代的是前面的成分Then I discovered, what was news to me,

27、 that his wife was Marys niece. 后来我发现，他妻子原来是Mary的侄女，这对我是个新闻He never joined in the usual sports of the boys, and, what is remarkable, never went out in a boat on the river他从来不参加男孩子通常做的体育活动，更奇怪的是，他从来不坐船出去到河上面去Hes an interesting speaker, and, what is more important, he knows his subject thoroughly.他讲话生

28、动有趣，更重要的是，他对课题了如指掌He went to the meeting and, what was worse, insisted on speaking.他去参加了会议，而且更糟糕的是，他坚持要发言It is a useful book, and, what is more, not an expensive one. 这是本很有用的书，再说也不贵Youll have nobody but yourself to blame, and, whats more, youll get no sympathy from anybody.你怪不着别人，只能怪你自己；还有，你得不到任何人的同

29、情。3 引导让步状语从句，等于“不管什么”。注意状语从句的语序。Do what she would, she could not invent a reason for not going. 不管她会做什么，她都编不出不去的理由。状语从句把实义动词放在句首，句子倒装。No matter what she would doCome what may, youll always keep it secret. 无论怎样，你都要保守秘密。No matter what may come, Jack has made up his mind that, come what might, he would

30、 stay there. Jack已经拿定主意，无论如何他也要呆在那里。no matter what might come, Say what he will, in his heart he knows that he is wrong. 不管他怎么说，内心里他知道自己错了。= No matter what he will say, -名词性从句练习与检测1. _ we need more practice is quite clear.A. When B. What C. That D. /2. _ I accept the gift or refuse it is none of you

31、r business.A. If B. Whether C. Even if D. No matter when3. _ knows the truth about it will tell you.A. Who that B. That C. Whoever D. That who4. _ he is doing seems quite difficult.A. How B. That C. Which D. What5. _ certain that his invention will lead to the development of production.A. Thats B. T

32、his is C. Its D. Whats6. _ that there is another good harvest this year.A. It says B. It is said C. It was said D. He was said7. _ that she has received a doctors degree.A. Its a splendid news B. This is a splendid newsC. Its splendid news D. This is splendid news8. It is strange _.A. that no one sh

33、ould like this bookB. that no one liked this bookC. that why no one likes this bookD. why no one likes this book9. It is suggested that the experiment _ under low temperature.A. makes B. is make C. should be made D. will be made10. _ still needs to be discussed.A. How is the plan to be carried outB.

34、 How the plan is to be carried outC. Why is the plan carried outD. Why the plan carried out11. _ is unknown to us all.A. Where did she put it B. Where she put itC. That where she put it D. In which she put it12. _ nothing to do with us.A. What he did is B. What he has done isC. What did he do has D.

35、 What he has done has13. Thats _ the Party called on us to do.A. what B. that C. how D. why14. She looked _ she were ten years younger.A. that B. like C. as D. as though15. The reason I have to go is _ if I dont.A. that she will be disappointedB. because she will be disappointedC. on account of her

36、being disappointedD. that she will be disappointing16. It was _ he worked hard that he succeeded.A. because B. since C. as D. for17. It seemed that the girl _.A. had lost important something B. had lost something importantC. lost important things D. lost something important18. The fact _ he is an ad

37、vanced worker is well known.A. what B. which C. that D. why19. The fact _ in the past few years proves that our Partys policy is correct.A. that great achievement was madeB. which great achievements were madeC. what have been madeD. that great achievements have been made20. I have no idea _.A. what d