英国历史英文版

1、,英国简史,Early Settlers （5000BC-55BC）,1.The first known settlers of Britain were the Iberians.（人们所知的英国最早居民是伊比利亚人。） 2.The Celts began to arrive Britain about 700 BC.（约公元前700年，克尔特人来到不列颠岛。）,Roman Britain 罗马统治下的英国（公元前55年410年),1、In 55BC and 54BC, Julius Caesar, a Roman general, invaded Britain twice. In AD

2、43, the Emperor Claudius invaded Britain successfully. For nearly 400 years, Britain was under the Roman occupation, though it was never a total occupation. 有记录的英国历史开始于罗马人的入侵。公元前55年和54年，罗马将军朱略斯凯撒两次入侵英国，均未成功。直到公元43年，克劳锹才成功占领不列颠。将近四百年里，英国人处于罗马人的占领下，但这并非是完全的占领。,2、The Romans has brought the new religion

3、 ,Christianity , to Britain. 3、Romans has no impact on the language or culture of ordinary Britain.,Roman Britain 罗马统治下的英国（公元前55年410年),The Anglo-Saxons 盎格鲁撒克逊人（公元446871年）,1. Basis of Modern English race: the Anglo-Saxons.盎格鲁萨克逊时代（奠定了英国的基础） 2.The early Anglo-Saxons converted to Christianity.最早的盎格鲁撒克逊

4、人改信基督教。 3.The Early Anglo-Saxons make the contributions to the English state.早期盎格鲁撒克逊人为英国做出的贡献。,The Norman Conquest 诺曼征服（公元1066年),The Norman Conquest of 1066 is perhaps the best-known event in English history. In 1066, William the Conqueror landed in England and build the Norman Empire ,thus the feu

5、dal system was completely established. 1066年，诺曼底公爵威廉渡海征服英格兰，建立诺曼底王朝。,The Great Charter 1215年大宪章,The Beginning of Parliament 议会的雏形,The Great Council is known to be the prototype of the current British Parliament. In 1265, Simon de Montfort summoned the Great Council, together with two knights from ea

6、ch county and two citizens from each town. It later developed into the House of Lords and the House of Commons. Its main role was to offer advice. There were no elections or parties. And the most important part of Parliament was the House of Lords. 大议会是当今英国议会的原型。1265年，西门德孟福尔召开大议会，各县有两名骑士，各镇有两名市民参加。大

7、议会发展到后来演变成议会，分为上议院和下议院。其作用是咨询而非决定；也没有选举和政党。议会的最重要的部分是上议院。,The Hundred Years War with France 英法百年战争,1、The war between France and England lasted from 1337 to 1453 ,during which there was the famous Black Death (黑死病) 2、 The cause of the war were partly territorial and partly economic. 3.Black Death kil

8、led one half of the population of England.,The Peasant Upspring of 1381 1381 年农民起义,Armed villagers and townsmen of Kent and Essex, led by Wat Tyler and Jack Straw, moved on London in June 1381 . 1381年6月，在瓦特 泰勒和杰克 斯特劳领导下，凯特郡和埃塞克斯郡的农民和市民武装起来发动起义，并向伦敦进发,The War of Roses and the English Reformation 玫瑰战争

9、和英国宗教改革,1:The name Wars of the Roses was refer to the battles between the House of Lancaster（兰开斯特家族）, symbolized by the red rose, and that of York（约克家族）, symbolized by the white, from 1455 to 1485. 2:On August22,1458, the last battle of the War of Roses was between Richard III and Henry Todur (都铎) 3

10、:Real religious change came in Henry VIIIs son, Edwards time. People call his switch to Protestant(新教） theology “The Reformation”.,The English Renaissance,1、Renaissance was the transitional period between the middle ages and the modern times ,covering the years 1350 to 1650。 2、 Began in northern Ita

11、ly in the early 14th century. 3、It saw the challenge of supremacy of the Roman Catholic Church by Reformation , the rise of Humanism ,the growth of large nation-states ,the far-ranging voyages of exploration and a new emphasis on the importance of individual.,The Civil War 英国内战,1、 On August 22,1642

12、,in a field near Nottingham , King Charles bade all his supporters to join him ,thus the First Civil War began (1642-1646). Charles was condemned to death and Cromwell（克伦威尔） became the most powerful man in England. 2、 It is also called the Puritan Revolution (清教徒革命) ,because the kings opponents were

13、 mainly Puritans.,The Restoration 王朝复辟,When Cromwell died in 1658 and was succeeded by his son Richard, the regime began to collapse. The parliament asking the late king s son as King Charles II to return from France in 1660.,The Glorious Revolution (光荣革命),1、 In 1688,William of Orange（奥兰治皇室） landed

14、at Torbay and marched upon London. This takeover was smooth, with neither bloodshed ,nor any execution of the king, which became known as The Glorious Revolution. 2、 William and Mary accepted the Bill of Rights(1689). The age of constitutional monarchy began.,Whigs and Tories 辉格党和托利党,1、Whigs Liberal

15、 Party 自由党 2、 ToriesConservative Party 保守党,Enclosure Movement 圈地运动 ( During the late 18th century and early 19th century),The Industrial Revolution 工业革命(1780-1830) Britain was the country to industrialize in the late 18th and early 19th century. As a result of the Industrial Revolution, Britain was

16、by 1830 the “workshop of the world”.,The Chartist Movement 宪章运动(1836-1848) 1、Peoples Charter (人民宪章) in 1838. 2、It was the first nationwide working class movement.,Trade Unions and the Labor Party 工会和工党 1、In 1833,the Grand National Consolidated Trade Union was established. 2 、In 1868, the Trade Union Congress were started 3、In 1900, the Labor Representation Committee was formed and changed its name to the Labor Party in 1906.,Colonial Expansion 殖民扩张 1、Began with the colonization of Newfoundland in 1583. 2、By 1900,Britain had built up a big empire, “on which the sun never