初中英语语法专题--副词

1、最新资料推荐初中英语语法专题 -副词一、副词定义：1. 用来说明事情或动作发生的时间、地点、原因、方式等含义的词2. 用来说明其它形容词或副词程度的词二、副词的分类副词按词汇意义和句法功能可分为时间副词、地点副词、频度副词、程度副词、方式副词、疑问副词、连接副词、关系副词等。初中主要学习和掌握频度副词、方式副词、时间副词、地点副词即可。考点一副词的分类与位置1、表频率的副词常见的频率副词有： always,often,usually,sometimes,never,ever,hardly,seldom它.们一般在行为动词之前，系动词、情态动词和助动词之后，. He always goesto

2、school on foot. She has never been to Beijing. She is often late for work.2、表示方式的副词与方式相关的副词，如safely,quietly,quickly ，politelyloudly ， luckily，happily，easily ，carefully，slowly， suddenly 以及 fast,late,hard,early 等。此类副词位于动词之后，如果是及物动词一般位于宾语之后。 The children are dancing happily. They work hard. The student

3、s did their homework carefully.3程度副词与程度相关的副词有：very , much , only,quite , as, too, too for, too to do,well, almost, even, a little ,enough , rather, a lot , so,such , badly, nearly , further , really , widely , hardly , a bit等。它们一般位于被修饰的词前面，但enough 要放在被修饰的词后面。 I can hardly know her name. The cake is

4、so delicious He was badly hurt .1最新资料推荐 He worked hard enough.4表时间、地点、方向的副词（ 1）与时间相关的副词有 : ago ,already, before, early, long, late, just, now, once, soon,since, today, tomorrow ,tonight ,yesterday, yet 等。它们通常位于句末，有些也可位于句中如：already 等。 Theyll come back soon. They have finished the work already.=They h

5、ave already finished the work.（ 2）与地点、方向相关的副词经常位于动词之后与动词搭配构成短语动词。outside, inside , upstair ,here ,there ,home, near, come back , turn left , go out三、副词的考点考点 1、副词的用法和位置1).修饰动词作状语，位于动词后。 He walked quietly into his bedroom. It is raining hard .2).修饰形容词作状语，位于形容词前。 You have a very nice watch. The machine

6、 is too heavy.3).修饰另一副词作状语，位于另一副词前。You walked too slowly, I couldn t wait for you.4）有时候也修饰整个句子Unfortunately ， he was out.考点 2、副词的构成：（ 1） 多数形容词 +ly 变成副词 . 大多数副词以 ly 结尾recent -recentlysad sadlyslow-slowlyclearclearlyfinal finallyreal reallykind- -kindly,careful-carefully,Silent-silentlypeaceful-peacef

7、ullySafe-safely（ 2）以辅音字母加y 结尾的形容词需改y 为 i 加 ly 变成副词happy-happily,heavy- heavily, easy- easily,lucky- luckily,angry-angrily,(3)形容词不去e 加 ly 变来的副词polite-politely,wide-widely,Safe-safely,extreme- extremely(4)形容词需去e 加 ly 变来的副词2最新资料推荐True - Truly,gentle -gently,comfortable- comfortablypossible-possiblysimp

8、le -simplyterrible-terribly特殊： good（形容词） well （副词）好地(well adj身体健康的 )考点 3、副词的比较等级副词的比较等级构成1.规则变化类别构成方法原级比较级最高级一般在词尾加er 或 esthardharderhardest以 e 结尾的只加 r 或 stwidewiderwidest单音节词一辅音字母加y 结尾的，先变y 为 i,再加 er 或 est:early-earlier-earliest多音节词和部分双加 more，mostcarefullyusefully more carefullymost carefully音节词mor

9、e usefullymost usefully注意：形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the，但是副词最高级前则可要可不要。2.不规则变化原级比较级最高级wellbetterbestbadlyworseworstmuchmoremostlittlelessleastfarthest(最远 )farfarther( 较远 )further （进一步）furthest （最大程度）3.副词比较等级的用法1. “（ not） as/so + 副词原级 + as ”。这一结构表示两者相似或前者不如后者。例如：You dontget up so/as early as I. 你没我起得早。2. “ as + 副

10、词原级 + as possible/ one can ”。这一结构表示尽可能地做某事。例如：Please get here as soon as possible/you can. 请尽快赶到这儿来。3. “副词比较级 + than ”。这一结构表示比对方强。例如：Mike works more carefully than Jack.迈克工作比杰克细心。3最新资料推荐4. “ 副词比较级 + and + ( 同一 )副词比较级”。表示越来越、例如：He ran faster and faster. 他跑得越来越快。5. “ the + 副词比较级， the + 副词比较级”。这一结构表示“越

11、、就越、”例如：The better I knew him, the more I like him.我越了解他，就越喜欢他。6. “ 副词最高级+ 比较范围”。这一结构中，比较范围常为含有介词in, of或 among 的短语。例如：He studies (the) hardest among the boys.在那群男生里，他学习最用功。考点 4、易错知识点辨析1.兼有两种形式的副词1) close 与 closelyclose 意思是 近 ； closely 意思是 仔细地 He is sitting close to me. Watch him closely.2)late 与 lat

12、elylate 意思是 晚 ； lately 意思是 最近 You have come too late. What have you been doing lately?3)deep 与 deeplydeep 意思是 深 ，表示空间深度；deeply 时常表示感情上的深度，深深地 He pushed the stick deep into the mud. Even father was deeply moved by the film.4)high 与 highlyhigh 表示空间高度；highly 表示程度，相当于much The plane was flying high. I th

13、ink highly of your opinion.5)wide 与 widelywide 表示空间宽度；widely 意思是 广泛地 ， 在许多地方 He opened the door wide. English is widely used in the world.6)free 与 freelyfree 的意思是 免费 ； freely 的意思是 无限制地 You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like. You may speak freely; say what you like.2.几组易混副词1、 hard 和 hard

14、ly 的区别(一 )、 hard 可用作形容词或副词：1. 当 hard 用作形容词时，意为“困难的、坚固的、努力的”等。例如：4最新资料推荐 It s hard for old people to change their ways. Steel is harder than wood.2. 当 hard 用作副词时，意为“努力的、困难的、猛烈地”等。例如： Does Tom work hard at his lessons? It s raining hard outside now. Don t go out.(二 )、 hardly 只能用作副词，意为“几乎没有、几乎不”。例如： I

15、can hardly see anything on the blackboard. My father hardly ever watches TV.2、 much too 和 too much 区别（一） (too) much 中心词是much1相当于形容词， 意为“ more than enough”，用在不可数名词前面作定语或在系动词后面作表语。如： Americans eat too much meat in my opinion I drank too much cola last night The work is too much for her Shes afraid the

16、 trip will be too much for me 2相当于名词，在句子中作主语或宾语。如： Too much was happening all at once You have given me too much 3相当于副词，在句子中作状语。如： You work too much She talks too much （二） (much) too 中心词为toomuch too 的用法比较简单，只用作副词作状语，但它不单独使用，在句子中要修饰形容词或副词，但不修饰动词。如： You are much too kind to me Its much too cold You ar

17、e driving much too fast 【练习】 1.we should not eat junk food.A.too muchB.much tooC.too manyD.much too2. its _ hot in august in Nanjing .A .many tooB . much tooC . very tooD .to much3.We dont have _ time to work every year.A much tooB so manyC too muchD too many答案 1-3 ABC四、 also ,too, as well ,either,

18、neither意思区别Also表示 也 是比较正式的用词, also 一般用于句子中,其位置在行为动词之前,动词 to be 之后。如有助动词或情态动词，一般应在助动词或情态动词后，为了强调，也可放在前面。too是普通用词 ,口语中用的多 ,too 常置于句末，前面可用逗号，如置于句中，其前后均有逗号。注意 : also,too 只能用于肯定句。5最新资料推荐either用于否定句中，表示前者不、，后者也不、，其位置一般放在句尾。Neither表示 两者都不 。 I also went. You are also wrong. He is a singer ,too. He,too,is a

19、singer. He didnt go there. I didnt either. In neither case can I agree. Neither of them wants to stop for a rest 3) as well as表示“不但而且”“既是也是”“而且”“还”。如：He grows flowers as well as vegetables. 他既种菜也种花。She shares (in) my troubles as well as my joys. 她与我同甘共苦。They have a flat in town as well as a place in

20、 the country.他们在城里有一套公寓，在乡村还有一所房子。注：有时还可译为“除之外，还”，与besides, in addition to 的用法相似。如：As well as learning to swim he has been taking Spanish lessons this summer. 今年夏天，他除了学习游泳外，他还在上西班牙语课。弄清强调重点, A as well as B 这一结构强调的重点是A 不是 B，即 A as well as B=not only B but also A ，注意体会以下例句的译文：She is clever as well as

21、beautiful. 她不但漂亮，而且聪明。He speaks Spanish as well as English and French. 他不仅会说英语和法语，而且会说西班牙语。Actors have to learn their cues as well as their own lines.演员不仅要记住台词，还要记住其他演员的暗示。五、 already、 yet、 still 的区别1） already 是 已经 ,用在肯定句中,用在完成时中比较多,比如 Ive already been to London.2） yet 是 还 用于否定句 ,如 I havent gone ther

22、e yet.此外 yet 还有 但是 的意思 ,有时可以和but 互换 ,比如 The authorities claim that the situation in the area hasbeen under control, yet the fact is not the case.( 当局声称此地区局势已得到控制,但事实并不是那么回事.)3） still 是 仍然 ,如 He should have been killed in the accident, but he is still alive.(他本应在事故中丧生,但他活着 .)六、 ometimes、 sometime 、so

23、me times 、 some time6最新资料推荐sometimes(有时 )用于一般现在时、sometime(在将来某时 )用于将来时、some times (数次 )表示次数、some time(一些时间 )表示一段时间。e.g. Sometimes they go hiking inthe mountains.I will stay here some time.I will meet your father sometime.题型 1.选词填空（一） luckily/ lucky/ unlucky/ unluckily1.That was anboy .he lost his pa

24、rents in the earthquake2.It rained hard.,the children took umbrellas with them ,so they didn tget wet.3.He isto pass the exam4.A terrible car accident happened to him., he didn t lose hos life（二） easyeasilyeasiermore easily1 If you have more knowledge .you can deal with the problems.2.The question l

25、ooks. I m sure I can work out itby myself.3.In generally,it isto say than to do(三） successsuccessfulsuccessfullysucceed1.Don t worry . I heard that the airplane has landedat the airport.2.If you becomepeople will watch you all the time.3.If you try your best, you will.4.Attitude is everything.Detail

26、s ( 细节 )decide.（四 ） happyhappilyhappiermore happily1.Because of having parents love, I can grow up.2.Look . The children are playingover there.3.The busier he is,thehe feel .（五 ） safesafelysafety1.Schoolis the serious problem2.Please drive more slowly.is the first.3.Although we were in trouble . we

27、got there4.To beis important to everyone.（六）carefulcarefullly1.Liu Ming is agirl . She does everything.7最新资料推荐2.Please be.There is too much triffic on the road.3. You didn t writeenough . I can t see clearly题型 2.单选题1. Do you think yesterday s math problem was difficult?Yes. I could _ work it out.A h

28、ardlyB easilyC finallyD nearly2.-Don t worry.My mother will look after your baby _.-Thanks a lot.A. careful enoughB. enough carefulC. carefully enough3.The Internet is very useful for us. We canfind information.A. easyB. easilyC. hardD. hardly4. As we all know, smoking is bad for us ,_ for children.

29、A. especiallyB. recentlyC. probablyD. nearly5.Sometimes it rains _in Xi an in summer.A.heavyB .heavilyC.strongD.strongly6.He doesn t play the violin soas his father.A. goodB. betterC. wellD. best7.She sang a song Ibelieve I can flyin Yangzhou English Contest. I have never heard a _ voice than thatbe

30、fore.A goodB wellC betterD Best8.She likes reading and_.A. so I doB. I do soC. I like soD. so do I9.-I wont go to the Great Wall tomorrow.-I wont, _.A. neitherB. eitherC. tooD. also10.He is _ tired that he cant go any farther.A. soB. suchC. veryD. tooWhen you do eye-exercise, you must keep your eyes

31、_.A. closeB. closesC. closingD. closed11.Its a windy day. Youd better_ the windows.A. closeB. closedC. closingD. to close12.Bruce often _ his left hand _.A. keep; closeB. keeps; closedC. keep; closedD. keeps; close13. It is very hot. Please keep the door.A. openB. openingC. opensD. opened14. The cit

32、y is_ than the town away from the river.8最新资料推荐A. farB. fartherC. furtherD. much far15.Do you need _ explanation to the question?A. more farB. any furtherC. fartherD. any far中考链接()1.(2010兰州 ) -Where would you like to go on your summer holiday, Mike?-I d like to go.A.nowhere interestingB.interestinga

33、nywhereC.somewhere interestingD.interesting,somewhere()2.(2010衡阳 ) The morepeople drive, thetraffic accidents there will be.A.careful;lessB.carefully;fewerC. Careful;fewer()3.(2010合肥 ) -Did you find the small village yesterday?-Yes, without any difficulty, for it haschanged over years.A. hardlyB. gr

34、eatlyC. clearlyD. nearly()4. （ 2011苏州） If you don tworkenough, I dontthink your dream will come.A.hardly;trulyB.hardly;trueC.hard;trueD. hard;truly() 5.（2011兰州）He said he would come to see us _ the next afternoon.A.sometimeB.some timeC. sometimesD. some times()6.（2011芜湖）Jack is good at drawing. I th

35、ink no one draws.A. betterB.bestC.worseD. worst()7. （ 2011杭州） It s too late to invite any more people._ , you know how Tim hates parties.A. BesidesB. HoweverC. StillD. Instead() 8. （ 2011滨州） - Do you often go to the gym?-No,. I dontlike sports at all.A.alwaysB. neverC. sometimesD. usually() 9. （ 201

36、1黄冈） -Did Kate do best in the finally exam?-No, but of all the students she did _ .A.the most carefulB. more carefulC. most carefullyD.more carefully() 10.（ 2011太原）The bag that my grandpa made for me_ gets out of style, but it is still best thing in mymind.A. usuallyB. normallyC. gradually()11. （ 20

37、11广州） -Steve is good at writing short stories.9最新资料推荐-So he is. But he writesthan us. So he cantget good grades in writing.A.most carefullyB.more carefullyC. less carefullyD. least carefully() 12. （ 2012 佛山） -Did you go to the cinema to see 3D Titanic last night?-No, Igo to the cinema. The tickets are too expensive.A. hardlyB. nearlyC. stillD.only()13.（ 2012 无锡） Mans understanding of nature is developing. It never