（5年高考3年模拟A版）浙江省2020年高考英语总复习专题十二词义猜测课件.pptx

1、专题十二词义猜测,高考英语（浙江专用）,一、根据上下文的解释猜测词义 出现猜测词义的设题时,很多情况下都会在上下文出现对该词或词组或句子的解释和说明。只要我们能够正确地理解上下文,准确把握解释和说明的信息,对词义的猜测准确率将会大大提高。 例I am Peter Hodes,a volunteer stem cell courier. Since March 2012, Ive done 89 tripsof those, 51 have been abroad. I have 42 hours to carry stem cells(干细胞)in my little box because

2、Ive got two ice packs and thats how long they last. In all, from the time the stem cells are harvested,方法技巧,from a donor(捐献者)to the time they can be implanted in the patient, weve got 72 hours at most. So I am always conscious of time. I had one trip last year where I was caught by a hurricane in Am

3、erica. I picked up the stem cells in Providence, Rhode Island, and was meant to fly to Washington then back to London. But when I arrived at the check-in desk at Providence, the lady on the desk said:“Well, Im really sorry, Ive got some bad news for youthere are no flights from Washington.” So I too

4、k my box and put it on the desk and I said:“In this box are some stem cells that are urgently needed for a patientplease, please, youve got to get me back to the United Kingdom.” She just dropped everything. She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me, re-routed(改,道)me through Newar

5、k and got me back to the UK even earlier than origi-nally scheduled. For this courier job,youre consciously aware that in that box youve got something that is potentially going to save somebodys life. Which of the following can replace the underlined word“courier”in Paragraph 1? A.Provider.B.Deliver

6、y man. C.Collector.D.Medical doctor.,分析本题中,该设题的词courier是一个生词,但是,文章后面的故事和说明表明“我”的旅行就是运送干细胞,从而可以容易地判断出该词的词义就是“delivery man”,意为“运送人”。 二、根据上下文的特殊关系词猜测词义 词义猜测设题的另一个重要方式是对应于相应的特殊关系,如转折、对比、递进等。在进行词义猜测的时候,我们可以根据目标词和上下文的这些特殊的关系词来进行判断。,例Henrietta Lacks was born in 1920 in Virginia and raised on a tobacco farm

7、. She married her cousin, David Day and later settled in Turner Station where Day worked at a steel mill. After giving birth to her fifth child, she was diagnosed with cervical cancer. She was treated at Johns Hopkins, the only hospital within twenty miles that treated black patients. In an attempt

8、to grow everlasting cells, Dr. George Gey took samples of all women who came to Hopkins with cervical cancer. After taking a biopsy(活体检视)of Henriettas cervical cancer, Dr. George Gey discovered that unlike any cells he had seen before, Henriettas cells could not only repro-duce, but thrive outside t

9、he bodya breakthrough that would change mod-ern medicine. Actually, her cells doubled in size every 24 hours and Dr.,Gey shared these cells for free with any researcher interested. Later, Dr. Stanley Gartler found that Henriettas cells were even capable of jumping out of the petri dish(培养皿)and takin

10、g other cell types. As a result, these cells, named HeLa(for Henrietta Lacks)have been essential in the research into cancer, AIDS, the effects of radiation and poisonous substances, gene mapping, and countless other scientific pursuits. And theyve been used in tens of thousands of research studies.

11、 Henrietta Lacks died not too long after her diagnosis in 1951.She unknow-ingly held the key to unlocking medical advancements in tumor cells. Now, decades after Henriettas death, her cells are still alive. For many years, her family knew nothing about the impact her cells had on medical science,she

12、 provided a crucial sample of cells that has furthered the knowledge of medical science and disease prevention. Now nearly 60 years after her death, in May 2011, Morgan State Universi-ty in Baltimore awarded her an honorary degree. What does the underlined word“thrive”mean probably? A.Die.B.Grow. C.

13、Break.D.Change.,分析本文中,目标词前面有“could not only reproduce, but”, 从而可以判断有递进关系,同时,再根据后面的her cells doubled in size every 24 hours可推知,thrive一词与选项B意思相近,意为“生长”。 三、根据上下文,利用指代关系来解题 有时候画线目标单词是it或they等代词,要求考生推断其指代的对象。这类题目主要考查考生对文章结构和内容的准确掌握程度。我们要根据文章的内容和句子结构来仔细判断画线词的指代。,例In the depths of the French Guianese rainf

14、orest, there still remain un-usual groups of indigenous(土著的)people. Surprisingly, these people live largely by their own laws and their own social customs. And yet, people in this area are in fact French citizens because it has been a colony(殖民地)of the French Republic since 1946. In theory, they sho

15、uld live by the French law. However, their remote locations mean that the French law is often ig-nored or unknown, thus making them into an interesting area of“lawless-ness”in the world. The lives of these people have finally been recorded thanks to the efforts of a Frenchman from Paris called Gin.

16、Gin spent five months in early 2015 exploring the most remote corners of this area, which sits on the edge of,the Amazon rainforest, with half its population of only 250,000 living in its capital, Cayenne. “I have a special love for the French Guianese people. I have worked there on and off for almo

17、st ten years,”says Gin.“Ive been able to keep firm friendships with them. Thus I have been allowed to gain access to their living environment. I dont see it as a lawless land. But rather I see it as an area of freedom.” “I wanted to show the audience a photographic record touching upon the unciviliz

18、ed life,”continues Gin.“I prefer to work in black and white, which allows me to show different specific worlds more clearly.” His black-and-white pictures present a world almost lost in time. These pic,-tures show people seemingly pushed into a world that they were unpre-pared for. These local citiz

19、ens now have to balance their traditional self-supporting hunting lifestyle with the lifestyle offered by the modern French Republic, which brings with it not only necessary state welfare, but also alcoholism, betrayal and even suicide. What does the underlined word“it”in the last paragraph refer to

20、? A.The modern French lifestyle. B.The self-supporting hunting. C.The uncivilized world. D.The French Republic.,分析本文是一篇记叙文。文章记述了在远离法国本土的圭亚那的热带雨林深处土著居民的自由生活。画线词所在句的句意是“这些居民现在不得不在他们传统的经济独立的狩猎的生活方式和现代的法国政府提供的生活方式中保持平衡。而这种现代化的生活不只带来了必要的政府福利,而且也带来了酗酒、背叛甚至是自杀”。which引导的是非限制性定语从句,根据以上叙述的段意可以推断出画线的it指的是现代的法国

21、生活方式,所以答案为A项。B项:自给自足的狩猎方式; C项:未开化的世界;D项:法兰西共和国。本题错误率很高。其主要原因就是对画线词所在的句子理解不到位,对相关句子结构的把握也不准确。,四、利用构词法猜测词义 构词法是词义猜测题解题的重要方法之一。设题的词汇很难,但是根据 其词根却可以对单词的词义进行判断。因此,为了提高这类题的解题正确率,我们要在平时注意积累英语词汇的词根知识。,例The stories we share with one another are important.They show wis-dom and provide inspiration.They are impo

22、rtant to our development.But sometimes people choose not to tell. Consider the negative effects of not sharing a story in the news:People are wondering if public health officials are holding back too much information about the recent outbreak of Ebola. There is a danger in holding back stories that

23、ought to be told.Bobette Buster said it like this,“The fact is,history has shown us that stories not told can become like a dangerous genie(妖怪)left in a bottle.When they are finally uncorked,their power to destroy is set free.” There are a number of reasons why we hide parts of our story:they often,

24、show our weaknesses or expose our disadvantages;they require courage and strength to share;and of course,there are some stories that should be kept secretespecially those that embarrass someone else. Most of us have two selves:the one we display on the outside and the one we actually are on the insi

25、de.And the better we get at hiding the stories that show our true selves,the more damage we may be causing to ourselves and to others. Honesty and openness is important:It proves we are trustworthy.It displays we are human.We are not perfect or better.It highlights the importance of hard work and pe

26、rsonal development.Hard work may not allow us to over-come our disadvantages completely.But with hard work,we do not have to be restricted to our mistakes.,Does this mean we admit every weakness,every disadvantage,and every secret regret to everybody we meet?No,of course not.There is a time and a place and a certain level of relationship necessary for some stories to be told in an appropriate manner. Which is close in meaning to the underlined word“uncorked”in Para-graph 3? A.Fre