小升初专题-介词.doc

1、第八讲 介词一、 概述介词一般置于名词之前，它常和名词或名词性词语构成介词短语。同一个介词常和不同的词语搭配形成固定搭配，表示不同意义。根据介词本身的意义，可将介词分为时间介词、方位介词、动向介词、方式介词、原因介词等（见下表）。词类例词时间介词at, in, on, before, after, from方位介词on, in, at, behind, over, above, under, below动向介词to, into, up, down, through, along, out of方式介词by, on, with原因介词for, from, of, with二、 常用介词的基本用法

2、at 1） 表示具体的时间点： I go to school at seven every day 我每天早上7点去上学。2） 表示一段较短的时间：at night 在夜晚 at Christmas 在圣诞节3）表示在某一具体地点： He is standing at the bus stop 他站在公共汽车站。4）表示动作的方向、目标： Let me have a look at the picture 让我看看这幅图。5）表示人的年龄：at the age of six 在六岁6）用于某些固定搭配： at once 立刻、马上 at last 最后 at the same time 同时

3、at first 开始时 not at all 一点也不 about 1）表示大约时间： Its about six oclock now. 现在大约6点钟了。2）表示地点；在周围： She is somewhere about the office. 她在办公室附近。3）关于，对于： We are talking about the news. 我们正在谈论新闻。after 1）在之后： After dinner I watch TV. 晚饭后我看电视。2）在后面： He came into the room after me. 他在我后面进了房间。3）after+某个时间，表示从过去某个时

4、间起过多长时间，多用于过去时，如：She left on Sunday and returned after three days.behind 1）在之后： There is a bike behind the tree. 树后有一辆自行车2）比晚，迟于： The train is behind time. 火车晚点了by 1）在旁： He is sitting by the bed. 他正坐在床边。2）到时候： We have learned three English songs by now. 到现在为止，我们已经学会了三首英文歌曲。3）by+交通工具，以方式： I go to sch

5、ool by bus. 我乘公共汽车去上学。4）用于某些固定搭配： one by one 一个接一个 by the way 顺便说一句for 1）为，给，替： Ill make a card for my teacher. 我要给老师做张卡片。2）由于： Thank you for helping me. 谢谢你帮我。3）表示给（某人）用的： There is a letter for you. 这儿有你一封信。in 1）在里面： The pencil is in the desk. 铅笔在课桌里。2）在一段时间里，常与上午、下午、晚上等词连用： We have four classes in

6、 the morning. 我们上午有四节课。3）用，以： Whats this in English? 这用英语怎么说？4）在某一年份，季节，月份： in 2002 in spring in January 5）in+颜色，表示状态，服饰： Helen is in yellow. 海伦身穿黄色衣服。6）在方面： He is weak in English. 他的英语不行。7）用于某些固定搭配： in front of 在前面 in the end 最后 in time 及时 like 1）像样： He looks like his father. 他像他的父亲。2）这样，那样： Dont l

7、ook at me like that. 别那样看着我。3）怎样： Whats the weather like? 天气怎样。near 靠近，在附近： My bed is near the window. 我的床在窗户旁。of 1）的（表示所属关系）： This is a photo of my family. 这是一张我全家人的照片。2）的（用于所有格）： He is a friend of mine. 他是我的一个朋友。3）表示数量（与连词连用）： One of us is from Beijing. 我们中有一个来自北京4）想到，谈到： I often think of them. 我常

8、常想到他们。5）用于某些固定搭配： of course 当然 because of 因为，由于 on 1）在上面： There are some apple on the tree. 树上有些苹果。2）具体的某一天，在（星期）天，在某天的上午（下午，晚上）： They go to English class on Sunday. 星期天他们去上英语课。 I left Beijing on the morning of May 1. 我在5月1日早上离开北京。3）用于某些固定搭配： on duty 值日 on time 准时 over 1）在正上方,两个物体表面没有接触： There is a

9、lamp over the table. 桌子上方有一盏灯。2）遍及，穿过： There is a bridge over the river. 有座桥横跨那条河。3）超过，不止： She is a little over 2. 她两岁多了。below1)在.下边，不一定表示正下方：The climbers stopped 300 metres below the top of the mountain.登山运动员在离山顶300米处停了下来。to 1）到，往，向： He walks to the window. 他走向窗户。2）表示时间、数量， 到为止 Please count from te

10、n to thirty. 请从10数到30.3）向，对，给： Happy New Year to you all. 大家新年好。under 表示一物在另一物垂直的正下方：Whats under your desk? 你书桌底下是什么？ with 1）和，写： Could you go home with me? 你能和我一起回家吗？2）表示伴随状态，带有： Whos that girl with glasses? 那位戴眼睛的女孩是谁？三、to、in、on在表示位置时的区别：（1）inin表示事物在某一区域范围内，如：China is a country in Asia. 中国是亚洲的一个国家

11、。(2) toto表示事物在某一区域范围之外的某一位置，如：The town lies to the south of the village. 那个城镇位于村庄的南面。(3) onon表示事物与另一区域范围属于相接邻的关系，如：We live in a house on the Thames. 我们住在泰晤士河畔的一座房子里。四、 介词的固定搭配at arrive at/in 到达 in on at first 起初；开始 in all 总体 on duty 值日at home 在家；无拘束 in class 在课堂上 on holiday 度假 at present 现在 in Engli

12、sh 用英语 on time 准时at work 上班，在工作 in short 总之 on the left/right 在左/右边 at the same time 同时 in a hurry 匆忙地 on the radio 在广播中 at the moment 此刻 in the end 最后 on foot 步行 Be good at 擅长 in time 及时地 on the way 在路上 练习题一用介词填空1.He is good _ swimming.2.Tom gets _ at seven every morning.3. _ Sunday morning, he pla

13、yed football with his friends.4.Whats wrong _ you? There is something wrong _ my back.5.He often helps me _ my English.6.Its time _ breakfast.7.Can you sing a song _ English?8.He looks _ his father.9.Please listen _ me carefully.10.Its too cold. Dont take _ your coat.二介词填空1.Tony is _ Canada. 2. What

14、 is the name _ the factory?3. Betty is English. What _ you？ 4. Whos the woman _ black dress？5. Where do you come _? 6. She looks _ her father.7. Do the students stay _ home _ Saturday？ 8. My mother cut the cake _ a knife .9.The meeting ended _ 6 p.m. 10. Well play football _ class.三选词填空1Peter is sta

15、nding _ Lucy and Jack. A. in B. at C. above D. between2Mum, can I go shopping _ you? A. near B. at C. with D. on3I didnt go to the park with my classmates, because my mother asked me to_ my little sister at home.A. look after B. look at C. look for D. look like4Lily is _ duty today. A. in B. on C. a

16、t D. to5. Let me show you the place _ the map. A. with B. on C. in D. for6. My father usually comes back from work_ 6：30_ the evening. A. in; on B. in; at C. on; in D. at; in7. -When were you born? - I was born _ August 25, 1983. A. on B. in C. at D. to8. She likes travelling _ air. A. on B. in C. a

17、t D. by9. Many people work _ the day and sleep _ night. A. on ; at B. in ; in C. in ; at10. There are many apples _ the tree. A bird _ the tree is picking an apple. A. in ; on B. on ; in C. in ; at四、英汉互译。1. look after_ 2. listen to_3. play with_ 4. on the farm_5. the boy in white_ 6. 在河的附近_7. 在树的后面_

18、 8. 在桥底下_9. 乘火车_ 10. 在墙上_五、下面每个句子都有一处错误，画出来并改正。1. There are two pictures in the wall. _2.Can you write it on Chinese? _3. We live at the earth. _4. She usually goes to work on bus. _5. Bob is one in my friends._六、阅读理解Brain is a school boy. Hes twelve. He lives in Shanghai now. He is from England. He

19、 studies in a junior middle school. He gets up at half past five every day. He has breakfast at seven after that, he goes to school with his friends. They have four classes in the morning and two in the afternoon. In the evening he does his homework at home, but he often watches TV on Saturday evening. Brain likes drawing. He joins an art club. He likes reading story books. Now he is reading an English book in his room.1 Brain is a _. A. student B. girl C. teacher2 Brain g