全新版大学英语综合教程二重点词组

1、精选文档Unit One Ways of Learning Text A Learning, Chinese-StyleLanguage Focus1. attach: fasten or join (one thing to another) (used in the pattern: attach sth. to sth.)Examples: Scientists discovered they could measure wind speed by attaching a wind meter to a kite and sending it up.Attached to this le

2、tter you will find a copy of the document you asked for.四级大纲中动词后跟to 的类似词组还有：可修改adaptto使适应于addto加到上adjustto(使) 适应于admit to承认agree to同意(某一建议、安排等)amount to总计达, 相当于, 等于apologize to向(某人)道歉appeal to向呼吁; 诉诸于; 对有吸引力apply to向(某人)申请attend to处理, 料理; 照顾, 照料belong to属于challengeto向挑战, 要求(比赛、决斗等)communicateto向传达co

3、mpareto把比作confess to承认, 忏悔confineto把限制在consent to同意, 答应contribute to捐献, 捐赠; 有助于correspond to 相当于; 相符, 符合devoteto为而奉献entitleto给权利(或资格)lead to(路等)通向; 导致limitto把限制到object to反对occur to被想到, 出现在脑海中oweto把归功于preferto喜欢胜过propose to向求婚react to对作出反应refer to提到, 涉及; 查阅, 参考relate to有关, 涉及reply to对作出回答resort to诉诸,

4、 求助于respond to回答, 响应see to处理stick to坚持; 忠于, 信守subject to使遭受, 使服从submit to服从, 听从surrender to投降, 屈服turn to找(某人寻求帮助等)yield to投降, 让步2. not in the least: not at allExamples; I am not in the least touched by the Marilyn Monroe kind of beauty.Ann didnt seem in the least concerned about her study.3. find on

5、es way: reach a destination naturally; arrive atExamples: Shanghai is not an easy city to find your way around.Drunk as he was, Peter still found his way home.Similar phrases:struggle ones way; elbow ones way; make ones way; push ones way, etc.4. phenomenon: (pl. phenomena) sth. that happens or exis

6、ts and that can be seen or experiencedExamples: Hurricanes are a relatively common phenomenon in the Caribbean.Stress-related illness is a common phenomenon in big cities.Thunder and lightening are natural phenomena.5. Initial: of or at the beginning, first (adj., used only before n.)Examples: If a

7、car suddenly pulls out in front of you, your initial reaction may include fear and anger.Their initial burst of enthusiasm died down when they realized how much work the job involved.6. assist: help (used in the pattern: assist sb. to do sth., assist sb. with sth.)Examples: The professor was assisti

8、ng his students to prepare their project.The college student decided to assist the boy with his study.Word choice: help, assist, give/lend a hand, help out, come to sbs aid/assistance, aid, give/send aidHelp and assist can both describe people or institutions helping each other do a job. However, as

9、sist is more formal and often suggests that the person assisting is doing a simple or unimportant part of what has to be done, e.g. My company assists businesses in all their office cleaning requirements. You will assist the administrative officer with day-to-day organization.In more informal Englis

10、h people often use give/ lend a hand or help out, especially where there is something practical to do and not enough people to do it: Can you give me a hand with the drinks? I sometimes lend a hand / help out at eh old folks home.If someone is in danger or trouble, you may help them or more formally

11、 come to their aid/ assistance:My cars broken down, can you help?If you get into difficulties, the lifeguard will come to your assistance.If a person, charity, or government helps with money or other necessary things, aid (formal) or often give/ send aid may be used; help would be used informally:Ma

12、ny projects are aided by Oxfam. Aid will be sent to the area as soon as possible.Please help the homeless.7. insert: put, fit, place (in, into, between)Examples: Wait for a couple of minutes with your mouth closed before inserting the thermometer.The doctor carefully inserted the needle into my left

13、 arm.8. somewhat: to some degree, a little Examples:It is reported that conditions in the village have improved somewhat since November._ Are you concerned about your exam results?_ Somewhat.9. await: (fml) wait forAwait is a fairly common word in formal writing, but you do not usually use it in con

14、versation. Instead you use wait for. Examples: We must await the results of field studies yet to come.After I sent the letter asking for a job, I had nothing to do but await the answer.10. on occasion: now and thenExamples. I was usually the only foreign participant, although on occasion I brought o

15、ther Americans in as guests.Steve spent almost all his time doing his research, but, on occasion, he would take his son to see a film.11. neglect: give too little attention or care toExamples: He gave too much attention to his career, working long hours and neglecting his wife.Their investment turne

16、d out to be a failure and the manager was accused of neglecting his duties.Cf.: ignore: pay no attention to sb./sth. on purpose, or as if sth. has not happened Example: I said Good morning to her, but she just ignored me and walked on.12. relevant: directly connected with the subject (followed by to

17、 , opposite irrelevant) Examples:Only a few people feel the debate about the cloning of human beings is relevant to their daily lives.While writing my term paper I was able to borrow all the relevant books from the school library.13. investigate: try to find out information about (used in the patter

18、n: investigate sth., investigate + wh-clause) Examples:Police are still investigating how the car accident happened.We can assure you that your complaint will be fully and properly investigated.14. exception: sb./sth. that a comment or statement does not apply to Examples:Normally, parents arent all

19、owed to sit in on the classes, but in your case we can make an exception.We feel that all the students in this class, with one or two exceptions, support the educational reforms.Without exception all our youngsters wanted to leave school and start work.When you are mentioning an exception, you often

20、 use the expression with the exception of”.Example: We all went to see the film, with the exception of Otto, who complained of feeling unwell.15. on ones own: 1) without anyones helpExamples; You neednt give me any help. I am able to manage on my own.There are jobs your child can do on her own.2) al

21、oneExamples: The child was left on her own for hours as her mom had to deal with the emergency.Id rather not go to dance on my own. I do wish youd come with me.四级大纲中以on 开始的类似词组还有:on a large (small) scale大（小）规模地on account of由于， 因为on an/ the average平均，通常on behalf of代表，为了on board在船（车、飞机）上on business因公，

22、因事on condition that如果on duty当班，值班on earth究竟，到底on fire起火，着火on foot步行on guard站岗，值班on hand在场，在手边on ones guard警惕，提防on purpose故意，有意on sale出售；廉价出售on schedule按时间表，准时on second thoughts经重新考虑，继而想on the contrary正相反on the grounds of根据，以为理由on the point of即将的时候on the road在旅途中，在过程中on the side作为兼职，作为副业，正事以外on the s

23、pot在场，到场；马上，当场on the whole总的来说，大体上on time准时16. accomplish: manage to do (sth.)Examples: Unless you practice youll accomplish nothing.Considering their capacity, the possibility of accomplishing the task is not high.If I work hard, I think I can accomplish my goal of getting 6 As at the end of the se

24、mester.17. in due course: at the proper time; eventuallyExamples. Your book will be published in due course.Be patient. Youll get your promotion in due course.18. critical: 1) very importantExamples; Environmentalists say a critical factor in the citys pollution is its population.How well you accomp

25、lish this task will be critical to the success of your career.2) very serious or dangerousExamples: In yesterdays car accident, ten people were killed and five people are still in a critical condition.As the situation in Afghanistan became critical, the UN Secretary-General appointed a special repre

26、sentative to tackle it.19. principal: adj. (rather fml) main, chiefExamples; The couples principal concern is to earn enough money to send their children to school.Her principal interest in life was to be a world-renowned pianist.n. The principal of a school or college is the person in charge of it.

27、Example: Complaints from the students began arriving at the principals office.Cf.: principle (see Confusable Words p.16 )A principle is a basic rule that explains or controls how something works or a guiding rule for behaviour.Examples: These machines work on the same principle.Mr. Ward is a man of

28、high principles.20. make up for: repay with sth. good, compensate forExamples- I didnt travel much when I was younger, but Im certainly making up for lost time now.Her husband bought her a present to make up for quarreling with her the day before.21. in retrospect: on evaluating the past; upon refle

29、ctionExamples: The young man knew in retrospect that he should have married his first love Emily.In retrospect, I wish that I had chosen biology as my major.四级大纲中以in 开始的类似词组还有:in a sense从某种程度上，从某点上看in any case/ event无论如何，不管怎样in brief简单地说in common共同的，共有的in consequence因此，结果in debt 欠债，欠情in detail详细地in

30、difficulty处境困难in effect实际上，事实上in favor of支持，赞成in general一般来说，大体上in hand在进行中，待办理in honor of为庆祝，为纪念in itself本质上，就其本身而言in line成一条直线， 成一排in line with与一致；与符合in memory of纪念in no case无论如何不， 决不in no time立即，马上in no way 决不in order按顺序，按次序；整齐in part部分地in particular特别，尤其in person亲自，本人in place在合适的位置in place of代替，

31、取代，交换in practice在实践中，实际上in proportion to与成比例in public公开地，当众in quantity大量in question正在谈论的in regard to关于，至于in relation to有关，与相比in return作为报答in sight看得见，被见到；在望，在即in step齐步，合拍；一致，协调in tears流着泪，在哭着in the course of在期间, 在过程中in the event of如果发生, 万一in the face of 不顾, 即使; 在前面in the least丝毫, 一点儿in (the) light

32、of鉴于,由于in the way挡道, 妨碍人的in the world究竟, 到底in touch 联系, 接触in vain陡然, 白费力22. extreme: very greatExample: The girls were afraid of snakes and walked along the mountain trail with extreme caution.n. the furthest possible limit, an extreme degreeExample: I know I always say that you eat too much, but th

33、ere is no need to go to the other extreme.(phrase: go to extremes: do sth. so much, state sth. so strongly, that people consider your actions unacceptable and unreasonableExamples: John went to such extremes to get his promotion that everyone at the office hates him now.The film is not very good, bu

34、t some critics have gone to extremes, saying it is the worst of the decade. )23. performance: 1) the standard achieved by a person or group of people in carrying out a particular job or activityExamples: The athlete was awarded $10,000 for his good performance in the Olympics.After several bad perfo

35、rmances, the soccer team found their form again.2) sth. performed in front of an audience, e.g. a play, a dance or other entertainmentExamples; Stevie Wonder fought back from the shadow of death and went on to give more performances.His performance in the new production of Hamlet received much prais

36、e.24. so much so that: to such an extentExamples; Americans treat their children as separate individuals, so much so that someone who remains dependent on their parents longer than the norm may be thought to be immature.Some parents spoil their children, so much so that they never ask them to do an

37、studying.25. Continual: happening again and again, repeated Examples: The construction of the airport continued despite continual complaints from local residents.The dogs continual barking disturbed the whole neighborhood.Word choice: continual(ly), continuous(ly)Continual describes separate actions

38、 (often annoying actions you do not like) which are repeated over a period of time, e.g. :These continual interruptions are driving me mad.Shes continually flying off to different places.Continuous especially describes things and events that go on without a break, e. g. :The police formed a continuo

39、us line round the building.This product is the result of years of continuous development.We landed after flying continuously for 16 hours.26. apply: 1) be relevant (to sb./sth.); have an effect (used in the pattern: apply to sb./sth.)Examples: The new pension arrangements wont apply to people born b

40、efore 1960.The advice given by the professor only applies to some of the college students.2) write a letter or fill in a form in order to ask formally for sth. (used in the pattern: apply for sth., apply to do sth.)Examples: How many jobs had you applied for before you were offered this one?We went

41、to the sports club so often that we decided that we might as well apply to join.27. work on/at: try hard to achieve or improve (sth.)Examples: Sophia needs to work at/on her typing speed.John came back ahead of time to continue working on his thesis.28. priority: 1) sth. that one must do before anyt

42、hing elseExamples: Being a qualified teacher is her first priority.Earning enough money to maintain his family is a high priority.2) sth. that holds a high place among competing claimsExamples: The school will give priority to English and computer studies.The proposals deserve support as they give p

43、riority to the needs of children.29. evolve: (cause to) develop gradually (followed by into/from)Examples; The story evolves into a violent tragedy.Popular music evolved from folk songs.As knowledge of genetic engineering evolves, beliefs change.If you want to be a poet, you must evolve your own sty

44、le of writing.30. summarize: make a short account of the main points of (sth.)Examples: Basically, the article can be summarized in three sentences.The workers demands can be summarized as follows: shorter hours and more pay.31. contrast: compare (two people or things) so that differences are made c

45、lear (used in the pattern: contrast A and/with B)Examples; Carrie contrasted the situation then with the present crisis.Students were asked to contrast Ernest Hemingway with Mark Twain.n. action of contrastingExamples: I was always reading when I was a kid, but my daughter, in contrast, just watches

46、 TV all day.In contrast to the hot days, the nights are bitterly cold.32. on the one hand . on the other hand: to introduce two contrasting circumstances Examples: On the one hand her temper was likely to cause trouble, but on the other hand we needed her expertise.On the one hand, we have good reas

47、on to feel pleased with our progress. On the other hand, we mustnt get complacent.33. promote: help to grow or developExamples: You dont have to sacrifice environmental protection to promote economic growth.Regular exercise will help promote physical and mental health.34. emerge: come out (followed

48、by from)Examples: The postman emerged from his van soaked to the skin.The magician emerged from behind the curtain.n. emergence (pay attention to the difference between emergence and emergency)35. pick up: gain, learnExamples: He picked up quite a lot of English during his one-year stay in America.I

49、 had picked up a bit of data-processing from my son.36. enormous: extremely large (same as huge, immense)Examples: Catherine inherited an enormous fortune from her parents.The New Years concert was an enormous success.37. exaggerate: make (sth.) seem larger, better, etc. than it really isExamples; I

50、n her resume, she has clearly exaggerated her talents a little. I am bleeding to death! Dont exaggerate its only a little cut.Peter says hes seen Titanic at least 20 times but I think hes exaggerating.38. assuming (that):You use assuming that when you are considering a possible situation or event, s

51、o that think about the consequences.Examples: Assuming that we all work at the same rate, we should be finished by January. Assuming that this painting really is a Van Gogh, how much do you think its worth?39. valid: based on truth or sound reasoningExamples; They put forward many valid reasons for

52、not building the skyscraper.It is valid to consider memory the oldest mental skill.Scientific theories must be backed up with valid evidence.40. worthwhile: worth doing, worth the trouble takenExamples: It might be worthwhile to consider buying an insurance policy.A trip to the museum is always wort

53、hwhile.Teaching is considered a worthwhile job.Cf.: worth: prep. & n. Worth is common only after the verb to be and after words for amounts of something, e.g.How much is the ring worth?The picture is worth about two thousand pounds.The balance sheet will not show the current worth of the company.Dic

54、k cashed about a thousand pounds worth of travelers cheques.There s about a weeks worth of work left.41. superior: better than average or than others of the same type (followed by to )Examples: Long-term stock market investments have produced superior returns compared with cash deposits.The woman wa

55、s greatly superior to her husband in education.四级大纲中形容词原形后跟介词to 表示比较的形容词 (这类词来自拉丁语系) 还有:inferior, senior, junior, prior, etc. e.g. :Your thesis is superior to mine.She is three years senior to me.Text B Children and Money1. account: n . 1) an arrangement that you have with a bank to pay in or take o

56、ut money, e.g. My salary is paid directly into my bank account.current account (BrE), checking account (AmE) 往来帐户，活期户（往往无利息）deposit account（可拿利息但需事先通知方可提取的）存款帐户savings account储蓄存款帐户（利息比deposit account 要高）credit account(BrE), charge account(AmE)（商店的）信用帐户expense account（有老板支付的）旅差费帐户2) description; a w

57、ritten or spoken description which gives details of an eventThere were several different accounts of the story in the newspapers.David gave us a vivid account of the his trip to Rio.her fascinating first-hand account of the Chinese Cultural Revolution2. furthermore: (sentence adverb) fml in addition to what has already been said; moreoverFurthermore, my aim i