高中各大时态详细讲解.pptx

一般现在时 1. 表示经常的或者习惯性的动作或现在的状态,特征通常与always, usually，often，sometimes，now, seldom, every day, once a month, now and then, occasionally等连用。 He is very happy. （现在的状态） He goes to school every day. (经常性动作) 2. 表示客观存在或普遍真理等，通常由直接引语变为间接引语，时态 保持不变。 My mother told me that the earth goes around the sun. 3. 在由连词when/ while/ if/ unless/ as soon as时间状语从句或条件状 语从句中，从句用一般现在时表示一般将来（“主将从现”） When I graduate, I will work in my hometown. If you come this afternoon, well have a meeting. 4. 少数表示动作起止的动词（如begin, come, leave, go ,arrive, start, stop, return, open, close 等）用一般现在时表将来，表示一个按规定， 计划或者安排要求发生的动作。 (常考的是飞机，火车的班次或者活动，项目， 会议的开始结束) The plane leaves at 9:00 am. The meeting begins at 2:30 pm. 5. 在某些以here, there开头的句子用一般现在 时表示正在发生的动作或者状态。 Here comes the bus! There goes a thief! 6. 表示说话时的状态和感觉的动词（如be, live, like, hate, think, remember, find, sound等），用 一般现在时，不用现在进行时。 My parents live near the school. The story sounds interesting. I like English very much. 7. 用于书报的标题，小说的情节介绍，戏剧、 电影的剧本，图片的文字说明。 Hundreds of People Die in the Earthquake Juliet sits by the window. 一般过去时 1. 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常与 a few days/weeks, months ago, the other day, yesterday, last year, in those days, in 1990等表示过去 的时间状语连用。 My father was at work yesterday afternoon. He always went to work by bus last year. 2. 也表示过去经常或者反复发生的动作，常和表示重 复性的时间状语连用，如always, often, usually,前提是 过去时间;也可以用“used to do sth” 和 “would do sth”。 （注意：“used to do sth”表示过去常常做某事，但 现在不再发生的动作/状态； “would do sth”没有“现在不再”的含义。） I always got up at 6:30 before . I used to get up early the other day. 3. 在由连词when/ while/ if/ unless/ as soon as/ until时间、条件状语从句中，从句用一般过 去时表示过去将来（“主过从过”） She had to wait until her husband came home. 4. 时态一致：由连词and或but连接的两个或 以上一连串过去发生的动作，保持时态一致。 She stood up, took her bag and walked away. 一般将来时 表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或者存在的状态，也 表示将来经常或者反复发生的动作。常常与表示将来 的时间状语连用，如tomorrow, soon, later, next week (month/ year), in a few days (months/ years)等。 1.由助动词will/ shall（第一人称）+动词原形构成， 表示单纯的将来。 He will be 18 years old in two days. We shall learn more and more soon. 2. 由 “be going to + 动词原形”构成。不表示单纯的 未来，表示： 按照计划做 I am going to play basketball with my classmates. 根据客观迹象预测。 Look at those clouds. Its going to rain. 3. be to do 注定做某事，表示命令（禁止），职 责，义务，要求, 意为“应该”。 He is to punish the naughty girl after she broke the windows. 按计划，正式安排将发生。 Are we to meet at the gate of school tomorrow? 4. be about to do/ be on the point of doing sth 表示 即将发生的动作，意为“马上做某事”，后面一般 不跟时间状语。 We are about to leave./ We are on the point of leaving. 5. 现在进行时表示将来。表示位置移动的动词go, come, leave, arrive, fly, start等，可以用现在进行时表示将要发生的事情。 Im leaving tomorrow. 6. 一般现在时表示将来 表示按计划要发生的事情 The train leaves/ arrives at 10:45. 在时间或者条件状语从句中用一般现在时表将来 (“主将从现”) When she comes, Ill tell her about it. If it doesnt rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. 7. 在句型“祈使句 + and/or +主语+ will +”中 Fill out the form and we will see what we can do for you. Close the window or you will be responsible for the duty. 现在进行时 构成： be（am/ is/ are) + v- ing 用法： 1.表示现在某个时刻正在发生或进行的 动作， （常与now, at the moment等时间状语连用或是 像Look!等提示词语） I am talking on the phone now. Look! Ben is playing basketball there. 表示当前一段时间内的活动或者现阶段正在进行 的动作 I am studying in No. 1 Middle School now. 过去进行时 构成： was/ were+ v-ing 用法： 1. 表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作，时 间状语往往表示过去某一个时间点的短语如at that time/ at this time yesterday/ at that moment或 when/while引导的状语从句。 What were you doing at 8：30 this morning? When I called him, he was having dinner. 还表示过去某段时间内持续进行的动作。 I was reading the whole morning yesterday. 一般过去时和过去进行时的比较： 一般过去时指的是过去某个时间发生的动作或存 在的状态；动作已经完成。（强调结果） 过去进行时指的是过去某一个时刻或者某一段时 间正在进行的动作，动作不知道完成没有。（强 调过程） He wrote a letter yesterday evening. 他昨晚写了一 封信。（信写完了） He was writing a letter yesterday evening. 他昨晚 一直在写一封信。 （信不一定写完）。 现在完成时 构成：助动词have/ has + 动词的过去分词 用法: 表示动作发生在过去而对现在仍存在影响的动作，句中没 有具体的时间状语： John has worked hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular. 练习： 1.- Why? Tom, your shirt is so dirty! - Mum, I _ my shirt . ( ) A. cleaned B. have cleaned C. was cleaning D. have been cleaning 2. Sorry, I cant open the door, for I the key to it. ( ) A. lost B. lose C. had lost D. have lost 表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状 态。这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。常带有for 和since等表示一段时间或者表示现在的的时间状语如 today, lately, recently, so far, up to now, by now, up till now, until now, in the past (last) few years。 I have lived here for 10 years. This is the first time