2018年高三英语一轮总复习专题1.4Earthquakes测试练习含解析.docx

专题1.4 Earthquakes【测试与练习】第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。AThe forces that make Japan one of the worlds most earthquakeprone (有地震倾向的) countries could become part of its longterm energy solution.Water from deep below the ground at Japans tens of thousands of hot springs could be used to produce electricity.Although Japanese hightech companies are leaders in geothermal (地热的) technology and export it，its use is limited in the nation.“Japan should no doubt make use of its resources of geothermal energy，” said Yoshiyasu Takefuji，a leading researcher of thermalelectric power production.The disastrous earthquake and tsunami on March 11,2011 caused a reaction against atomic power，which previously made up 30 percent of Japans energy needs，and increased interest in alternative energies，which accounted for only 8 percent.Artist Yoko Ono has called on Japan to explore its natural energy，following the example of Iceland which uses renewable energy for more than 80 percent of its needs.For now，geothermal energy makes up less than 1 percent of the energy needs in Japan，which has for decades relied heavily on fossil fuels and atomic power.The biggest problem to geothermal energy is the high initial cost of the exploration and constructing the factories.Another problem is that Japans potentially best sites are already being developed for tourism or are located within national parks where construction is forbidden.“We cant even dig 10 cm inside national parks.” said Shigeto Yamada of Fuji Electric，adding that regulations protecting nature would need to be relaxed for geothermal energy to grow.Researcher Hideaki Matsui said，“Producing electricity using hot springs is a decadeslong project.We also have to think about what to do for now as energy supplies will decline in the short term.”The Earth Policy Institute in Washington，US，believed Japan could produce 80 000 megawatts (兆瓦) and meet more than half its electricity needs with geothermal technology.Japanese giants such as Toshiba are already global leaders in geothermal technology，with a 70 percent market share.In 2010，Fuji Electric built the worlds largest geothermal factory in New Zealand.1What would be the best title for the text?AAlternative energies in JapanBWorlds largest geothermal plant CJapan takes the lead in geothermal technologyDJapan thinks of geothermal energy2What percentage of Japans energy needs is geothermal energy?AAbout 8%.BBelow 1%.CAround 30%.DOver 80%.3According to Shigeto Yamada，the growth of geothermal power in Japan needs_.Aa change of rules Bfinancial support Clocal peoples helpDhigh technology4.It can be learned from the last two paragraphs that_.Athe worlds biggest geothermal plant was built by AmericaBJapan will not export its geothermal technologyCthe potential of Japans geothermal energy is greatDit is hard to find geothermal energy in Japan1解析：标题概括题。根据文章第三段的导入和倒数第三段最后一句“We also have to think about what to do for now as energy supplies will decline in the short term”，以及对全文的整体理解可知，本文主要讲的“日本正在考虑如何使用地热”的问题，所以D项最适合做文章的标题。答案：D答案：A4解析：推理判断题。根据对文章最后两段的整体理解可知，日本的地热能源潜力巨大。答案：CBUniversity of Maryland student Ben Simon and his friends couldnt stand to see good food thrown out on their campus.“We basically noticed that some of the extra food from the dining hall was going to waste at the end of the day.And we met with the dining services and asked them whether it would be okay if instead of throwing out the food we would donate it.And they were on board，” he said.So 18 months ago，the students began what they call the Food Recovery Network.Each night，volunteers would show up at a campus dining hall to pick up leftovers and deliver them to area shelters and food banks.So far，they have donated more than 23 000 kilos of food that would otherwise have been thrown out.Nationwide，$165 billion worth of food is wasted each year，according to the National Resources Defense Council.Spokesman Bob Keefe says that is about 40% of the countrys entire food production.“If we can reduce our waste in this country by 15%，we can feed 25 million hungry Americans.That is a huge benefit.That is what programs like this Food Recovery Network are doing，” he said.Christian Life Center is one of the beneficiaries (受益者) of the students efforts.Ben Slye，the senior pastor (牧师)，said，“It has been just amazing to see these students take their own time，their own vehicles and own gas money and be able to make an effort like this.Each week we are able with this food probably to feed over hundred people.”The University of Marylands Food Recovery Network now has 200 volunteers and the program has expanded to 18 schools across the country.“I want to grow 18 chapters to a thousand chapters within five years.And once we get to the Food Recovery Nation being at every college campus in America，we want to expand to restaurants and farms.” said Simon.The volunteers are committed to making that happen.5The dining services in University of Maryland_.Athrew out good food on the campus Bsupported the volunteers jobCenjoyed the talk with the students Ddonated their leftovers to the poor6Volunteers from the Food Recovery Network_.Astarted the Food Recovery Network two years agoBdelivered leftovers as well as money to sheltersChelped to solve the hunger issues in AmericaDdonated leftovers to avoid food waste7Ben Slyes attitude toward the volunteers effort was that of_.Aunconcern Bdoubt CappreciationDopposition8We can learn from the text that_.Aover 40% of the countrys entire food is wasted each yearBaltogether 25 million Americans suffer from hunger nowadaysCSimon aims to expand the program to restaurants and farmsDevery college has started the Food Recovery Network答案：B6解析：推理判断题。根据对文章第二段的整体理解可知，志愿者们到学校餐厅去收集剩菜，然后把它们运到收容所等，以避免浪费。答案：D8解析：细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段最后一句中的“And once we get to the Food Recovery Nation being at every college campus in America，we want to expand to restaurants and farms”可知，答案C符合文意。 答案：CC【全国百强校word】重庆市第一中学2016-2017学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题 Luke has always been my closest and constant companion these past five years. In fact, he is very friendly to me especially when I take care of other furry friends in our shelter.There have been a lot of forest fires during the summer season. Not far from our shelter, a forest caught fire during this hot summer. Luke rushed towards the forest where flames send out a terrible heat. Theres no longer any hope at the moment to wait for Luke to come back to the shelter. In fact, I was waiting for the firemen to announce me his death in the forest. Suddenly, a fireman burst into my office and informed me that my dog Luke succeeded in saving four cats which were trapped by the flames. Luke seized the kittens, one by one moving them to a safe place. I immediately accompanied the fireman to the forest to pick up the rescued kittens, but Luke was not there. Then we heard the sound of a dog came from the forest barking furiously. The firemen followed the tracks of the dog until they found him barking loudly by the side of an injured fireman who was lying on the ground.That day, I was very proud of Luke for his two heroic actions. I paid a visit to the fireman accompanied with my adorable Luke. What a memorable scene when the fireman hugged Luke tightly to his chest!”One thousand thanks, Luke, for saving my life,” the fireman said.This true story of love and compassion shows us that pets are loving, caring and compassionate. We should love and protect them. Dont belittle them. Little animals can make enormous things for humans.9At the very beginning the author thought .A. Luke ran away from the shelter for ever.B. Luke was afraid of big fireC. Luke was killed by the big fire.D. Luke was able to save all the people10 The reason why the author was proud of Luke was that .A. Luke rescued four cats and a fireman from the fire.B. Luke warned people of the coming fire.C. Luke took care of other furry animals in the shelter.D. Luke has always been my closest and constant companion.11The underlined word “belittle”in the last paragraph probably means “ ”.A. Make things small B. Look down uponC. Show respect for D. Make enemy with12What is the authors purpose in writing the passage?A. To stress the role of pets in people life.B. To persuade people to keep pets.C. To call attention to the danger big fire.D. To share a story of love and compassion of pets with us.【解析】文章主要讲述了作者所待的收容所里的小狗Luke在一次大火中英勇救出四只小猫和一个消防队员的故事。11B词义猜测题。根据最后一段We should love and protect them. Dont belittle them. Little animals can make enormous things for humans.可以得知作者呼吁我们要关爱保护动物。不要瞧不起它们。小动物也能为人类做出巨大贡献。可知答案选B。12D 主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了作者所待的收容所里的小狗Luke在一次大火中英勇救出四只小猫和一个消防队员的故事,因此可以推断出作者讲述Luke的英勇行为感动, 为了与读者分享Luke的爱与同情心的故事。故选D【名师点睛】主旨大意主要的解题策略有：（1）标题类。文章标题可以是单词，短语，也可以是句子，它的特点是：短小精悍，多为一短语；涵盖性强，一般要求能覆盖全文，其确定的范围要恰当，既不能太大，也不能太小；精确性强，不能随意改变语言表意的程度及色彩。【推理关系】题干What is the authors purpose in writing the passage?.文章内容This true story of love and compassion shows us that pets are loving, caring and compassionate.概括总结小狗Luke在一次大火中英勇救出四只小猫和一个消防队员写作目的。D【全国百强校word】重庆市第一中学2016-2017学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题Yellowstone WeatherYellowstone National Park is at lofty height. Height. Most of the park is above2,275meters.Yellowstones weather is unpredictable. In summer, it may be warm and sunny with temperatures in the high 70s. At night in any given month, the temperature may drop close to freezing. So it is best to come prepared for cold evenings and mornings,especially if you are camping or hiking. When you leave your campsite,please leave it prepared for possible thundershower and wind.A sunny warm day may become fiercely stormy with wind, rain, sleet and sometimes snow. Without enough clothing, an easy day hike or boat trip can turn into a battle for survival.Seasonal Weather InformationSpringCold and snow continue into May, although temperatures gradually climb. Early in spring, daytime temperatures average in the 40s and 50s; by late May and June, they may reach the 60s and 70s, Nighttime lows fall below freezing.SummerDaytime temperatures are usually in the 70s ,occasionally reaching the 80s in the lower elevations(高度）. Nights are cool,temperatures may drop in the 40s and 30ssometimes even the 20s. July and August tend to be somewhat drier, although afternoon thundershowers are common.FallWeather can be pleasant, although temperatures average 10-2 degrees lower than summer readings, Nighttime lows can fall into teens and lower. Snowstorms increase in frequency as the weeks go by or towards the end of the fall season.WinterTemperatures often stay near zero throughout the day, occasionally reaching high in the 20s. Subzero nighttime lows are common. Annual snowfall averages nearly 150 inches in most of the park. At higher places, 200-400 inches of snow have been recorded.13If you are planning to stay here in spring for a few days, what is necessary for you?A. Enough clothing. B. Weather report.C. Umbrella. D. Boiled water.14Which season is generally pleasing?A. Winter. B. Fall.C. Spring. D. Summer.15This passage is written probably for those who plan to_in Yellowstone National Park.A. Do research work B. Take a business tripC. Have sports games D. Spend their holidays or take a tour14B 细节理解题。根据Fall Weather can be pleasant, although temperatures average 10-2 degrees lower than summer readings,可知在秋天去黄石国家公园天气很惬意。可知答案选B。15D 推理判断题。文章主要为打算去黄石国家公园旅游度假的游客们提供了四季要注意的事项。可知答案选D。【名师点睛】推理判断主要的解题策略有：（1）根据不同文体，推断目的意图。不同的文章可能有不同的写作目的, 通常作者的写作目的有以下三种：1) to entertain readers（娱乐读者，让人发笑），常见于故事类的文章。2) to persuade readers（说服读者接受某种观点）常见于广告类的文章。3) to inform readers（告知读者某些信息）多见于科普类新闻报道类文化类或社会类的文章。高考阅读试题设计到各类文章，而以议论文为主，文章的主题句、核心句往往会直接或间接地表明作者的态度立场；阅读理解中也有说明文、描述文。前者因为其体裁的客观性，所以作者的态度也往往采取中立。而后者因为其文章观点往往不直接提出，而且作者写作时也常带有某种倾向性，所以，阅读时要善于根据文章的文体来学会推断作者的情感态度和目的。（3）根据写作思路，推断段落发展。不同的文体，写作思路和写作手法也不尽相同。做题时，要善于体会作者的写作思路，揣摩作者的谋篇布局，从宏观上左右文章的结构框架；同时，还要把握作者行文时所运用的修辞手段，如对比、举例、下定义等。通过梳理写作思路，明晰写作手法，即可对文章的发展作出比较科学合理的推断和预测。（4）根据事实细节，推断合理信息。推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，作出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。也就是说，要做到判断有据, 推论有理, 忠实原文。切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论。例如：本题中的第2小题：第二部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。After graduation from college, I was offered a whitecollar job in an office in Manhattan. We had large _16_ overlooking a busy street. I stood by one of them one day, when a young lady walking on sideway _17_ and made eye contact naturally, I _18_.That was the beginning of making others happy. When things were _19_， I stood in the window and waved at the passengers who looked up and this made me smile work _20_ was washed away.Late afternoon was the _21_ time. Rushhour traffic filled the street with cars and buses. After waving became _22_， I tried to improve my act. I made signs, “Hi！”，“Hello！”， and “Be Happy！” I _23_ them in the window and waved._24_ Day was drawing near. Job cuts were announced. Several coworkers would _25_ their jobs. Stress reached a high point. Everyone felt _26_. We needed to do something to break the tension.While working one night, a red jacket _27_ my attention. I used my _28_ and turned it into a piece of Santas clothing. The next day my coworkers gathered around me and _29_ for the first time in weeks. Just then my boss passed by. He looked up, saw me, shook his head and left.I thought I _30_ trouble. Soon my boss phoned me，“Mike, come to my office！” When in his office, I felt very nervous.“Mike .” Tears _31_ in his eyes, as I sat silent and confused. When he regained _32_， he said，“Thanks, Mike! With the job cuts, its been hard to enjoy the Christmas. Thanks for the laugh, I _33_ it.”That evening, and every evening of the Christmas season, I stood _34_ in the window. People smiled at the strange Santa. My heart filled with joy, _35_ I made those people smile after a long day at work.16A.doorsBroomsCwindows Drestaurants17A.speeded up Blooked upCbroke down Dpulled through18A.waved BhidCleft Dshouted19A.important BslowCright Dbad20A.stress BpleasureCexperience Dchallenge21A.quickest BhardestClongest Dbest22A.encouraging BembarrassingCboring Dmoving23A.saw BreadCposted Dpainted24A.Christmas BLaborCThanksgiving DNational25A.seek BloseCfinish Dtake26A.anxious BconfidentCuseless Dpeaceful27A.relaxed BdrewCswitched Dinvolved28A.imagination BrelationCexperience Dpressure29A.spoke BactedClaughed Dreturned30A.took BcausedCforgot Dsuffered31A.fell BappearedCdried Dswallowed32A.confidence BangerCcontrol Dstrength33A.chose BknewCaccepted Dneeded34A.luckily BeagerlyCnaturally Dproudly35A.because BbutCalthough Dif17B根据上文中的“overlooking a busy street”及下文“made eye contact”可知，当“我”眺望繁忙的街道时，一个路人抬头看到了“我”。look up意为“抬头看”，符合语境。18A根据第二段第二句中的“waved at the passengers who looked up”可知，“我”很自然地挥手打招呼。wave意为“挥手”，符合语境。19B根据语境可知，当工作慢下来的时候，“我”站在窗户边向路人招手微笑。slow意为“慢的”，符合语境。20A根据语境可知，这种微笑使“我”没有了工作压力。stress意为“压力”，符合语境。21D根据本段后面作者做各种标志来改善打招呼的方式可知，傍晚是最好的时光。best意为“最好的”，符合语境。22C根据语境可知，当只挥手变得有些乏味时，“我”就做了一些标志。boring意为“乏味的，厌烦的”，符合语境。23C根据语境可知，“我”就把这些标志贴在了窗子上。post意为“张贴”，符合语境。24A根据第五段第二句中的“turned it into a piece of Santas clothing”和第六段中的“its been hard to enjoy the Christmas”以及最后一段第一句中的“every evening of the Christmas season”可知，圣诞节就要临近了。故答案选A。25B根据本段第二句“Job cuts were announced.”可知，因为要裁员，所以有几个同事要失去工作。lose意为“失去”，符合语境。26A根据上文可知，因为裁员，有人要失去工作，所以大家都很担心。anxious意为“担忧的”，符合语境。33D根据上文“its been hard to enjoy the Christmas. Thanks for the laugh”可知，老板需要这份欢笑。need意为“需要”，符合语境。34D根据下文“I made those people smile after a long day at work”可知，“我”很自豪地站在窗子那里。proudly意为“自豪地”，符合语境。35A句意：我的心里充满了快乐，因为我能够使那些工作了一天的路人露出微笑。根据语境可知，此处表示因果关系。because意为“因为”，符合语境。第二部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）【百强校】2017届山西重点中学协作体高三下模拟卷第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。Chaplin was an extraordinary performer who 1 (star) in and directed many outstanding comedies. Few people were bored 2 (watch) his moustache, his gestures or his entertaining reactions when chased by 3 (detective). Being drunk, sliding on a banana skin or whispering his own failures to nobody, he made us feel more content 4 our life without any verbal explanation. His particular sense of humor has astonished everybody throughout the world up to now.In a small budget film, he played a badly-off person 5 (wear) worn-out shoes and 6 (mess) clothes. On one occasion, he 7(trap) by a snowstorm in a vast mountainous area. He overcame many difficulties, 8 he was not fortunate enough. With all the porridge 9 (eat) up, he picked out a shoe and boiled it to eat. What he performed was a total failure. According to an actress, his acting was so 10 (convince) and amusing that everybody couldnt help bursting into laughter.【答案】1starred2watching3detectives4with5wearing6messy7was trapped8but9eaten10convincing【解析】6messy.考查形容词。此处修饰名词clothes，指脏乱的衣服，故填messy。7was trapped.考查时态和语态。与全文时态一致用过去时，句中主语he和动词trap是被动关系，故填过去时的被动形式was trapped。8but.考查连词。句意：他克服了许多困难，但他也不是足够幸运。前后句是转折关系，故填but。9eaten.考查过去分词。此处是with的复合结构，the porridge和动词eat是被动关系，用过去分词，指粥被吃，故填eaten。10convincing.考查形容词。此处是so.t