江苏2018年高考英语复习增分篇专题巧突破专题五书面表达任务型阅读与书面表达组合练三.docx

任务型阅读与书面表达组合练(三)(限时40分钟).任务型阅读(2017南京、盐城高三二模)“HELL is a city much like London，” said Percy Bysshe Shelley in 1819. Modern academics agree. Last year Dutch researchers showed that city dwellers (居民) have a 21% higher risk of suffering from anxiety disorders than do their calmer rural countrymen, and a 39% higher risk of suffering from mood disorders. But exactly how the inner workings of the urban and rural minds cause this difference has remained unclear until now. A study just published in Nature by Andreas MeyerLindenberg of the University of Heidelberg and his colleagues has used a scanning technique called functional magneticresonance imaging (机能性磁共振成像，简称fMRI) to examine the brains of city dwellers and countrymen when they are under stress.In Dr MeyerLindenbergs first experiment, participants lying with their heads in a scanner took maths tests that they were bound to fail (the researchers had designed success rates to be just 2540% ). To make the experience still more embarrassing, the team provided negative feedback through headphones, all the while checking participants for indications of stress, such as high blood pressure.The city peoples general mental health did not differ from that of the rural countrymen. However, their brains dealt with the stress caused by the experimenters in different ways. These differences were noticeable in two regions: the amygdalas (杏仁核) and the perigenual anterior cingulate cortex (前扣带皮层，简称pACC)People living in the countryside had the lowest levels of activity in their amygdalas. Those living in towns had higher levels. City dwellers had the highest. In the case of the pACC, however, what mattered was not where someone was living now, but where he or she was brought up. The more urban a persons childhood, the more active his pACC, regardless of where he was dwelling at the time of the experiment.The amygdalas thus seem to respond to the hereandnow while the pACC is programmed early on, and does not react in the same, flexible way as the amygdalas. Secondtosecond changes in its activity might, though, be expected to be connected with changes in the amygdalas, because of its role in regulating them. fMRI allows such connections to be measured.In the cases of those brought up in the countryside, regardless of where they now live, the connections were as expected. For those brought up in cities, however, these connections broke down. The regulatory mechanism of the native urbanite, in other words, seems to be out of order.Dr MeyerLindenberg and his team conducted several more experiments to check their findings. They asked participants to complete more maths tests and also tests in which they had mentally ups and downs while investigators scolded them about their performance. The results matched those of the first test. They also studied another group of volunteers, who were given stressfree tasks to complete. These experiments showed no activity in either the amygdalas or the pACC, suggesting that the earlier results were indeed the result of social stress rather than mental effort.As is usually the case in studies of this sort, the sample size was small and the result showed an association, rather than a definite, causal relationship. That association is, nevertheless, interesting. Living in cities brings many benefits, but Dr MeyerLindenbergs work suggests that Shelley and his fellow Romantics had at least half a point.Do urban brains behave differently from rural ones？Purpose of the researchThe research was conducted to explain why city dwellers are more likely to (1) _ serious disorders than countrymen.Process of the researchDesign of the researchThe researchers made the participants take difficult maths tests and provided negative feedback, which served as the source of (2) _ for the participants.Meanwhile the researchers scanned their brains and got indications by a scanning technique called fMRI.Findings of the researchThe activity level in the amygdalas is highest in city dwellers, (3) _by those living in towns and the countryside. Besides, the amygdalas respond (4)_The activity level of a persons pACC, regulating the amygdalas, is (5) _ by the place where he was raised, and the pACC works when a person is at a (6) _ age. The association between the amygdalas and the pACC depends on a persons living (7) _. (8)_ on the findingsSeveral more experiments were carried out with (9) _ results.Conclusion of the researchIt is the social stress rather than mental effort that leads to mental disorders, so living in cities also brings some (10) _.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一项研究。该研究发现，城市居民的大脑活动不同于农村居民的大脑活动。这或许解释了城市居民患焦虑症和情感障碍症的概率较高的原因。1develop/catch/have/suffer信息转换题。根据第一段中的第三句可知答案。2stress/embarrassment直接信息题。根据第二段中的“To make the experience still more embarrassing”和“indications of stress”可知答案。3followed信息概括题。通过对第四段中的前三句内容进行概括可知答案。followed by“紧随其后的是”。4flexibly/differently信息转换题。根据第五段中的“. and does not react in the same, flexible way as the amygdalas”可知答案。5decided/determined信息概括题。根据对第四段中的“what mattered was not where someone was living now, but where he or she was brought up”进行概括可知答案。decide/determine“决定”。6young信息转换题。根据第四段中的“The more urban a persons childhood .”可知答案。at a young age“小时候”。7environment/surroundings信息概括题。根据第四段至第六段的内容可以概括出amygdalas和pACC的关系取决于一个人的生活环境。8Checks/Checking信息转换题。根据第七段中的“Dr MeyerLindenberg and his team conducted several more experiments to check their findings.”可知答案。9similar/consistent信息概括题。通过对第七段的内容的概括可知，所进行的几个实验所得出的结果是类似的(或一致的)。10disadvantages/drawbacks/shortcomings信息概括题。根据全文内容，尤其是最后一段中的“Living in cities brings many benefits, but .”可知生活在城市也有弊端。.书面表达(2017苏、锡、常、镇高三二模)请阅读下面短文，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。Taking babies on their flights can be incredibly discouraging for parents. Theyre often faced with the passengers who may get annoyed. Stares, sighs, complaints and shakes of the head are just a few things that keep parents from looking their fellow passengers in the eye. Therefore, some parents try to make it easier for their fellow passengers by handing out goodie bags as a beforehand apology usually filled with some candy and a set of ear plugs.Going with the bag is a note like this：Hi stranger!My name is Andaqi. I will be 4 months on January 15th and this is my first flight.Ill try to be on my best behavior, but Id like to apologize in advance if I lose my cool, get scared or my ears hurt. Im also at the beginning stages of teething so I dont always feel good. I know Im just a baby but I want you to enjoy this flight as well.My mom, Niqelle, packed you this goodie bag with a few treats.There are also ear plugs in case my first public serenade isnt as enjoyable to you as it is to my mom.Have a great flight and thanks for understanding!Andaqi & NiqelleThis immediately went viral online. Some think its a nice gesture and theyre just trying to be nice a good instinct in these tense times. However, others think differently as babies should not need to apologize for being babies.写作内容1用约30个单词概括上述短文的主要内容；2用约120个单词就上述话题发表你的看法，内容包括以下要点： (1)你是否赞成这种行为； (2)用23个理由或论据支撑你的看法。写作要求1写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；2作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；3不必写标题。评分标准内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。参考范文：(Approval)To apologize for their babies possible annoying noises, some mothers hand out goodie bags and notes in the name of babies to passengers around. This soon becomes a buzz topic.Such an initiative and behavior, from my perspective, should be encouraged. To begin with, its polite to make an apology to those suffering from noise babies make even though sometimes we cant avoid it. In addition, this nice gesture may ease tensions crying babies create and get understanding from people around. Most importantly, its an absolute adorable way to remind people to be patient with babies in a very sweet way. After all, in public places, everyone is responsible for the maintenance of a peaceful environment so as to leave people around in a better state of mind.All in all, such a thoughtful and simple act of kindness ca