英语：完型填空.ppt

完型填空专题 (第一讲),2.容易受错误思维的影响，对文意分析不透，忽视特定语境中知识的运用。,学生存在的问题,1.不善于抓文章的主旨大意，不能以此为中心展开对整篇文章的推理、判断，导致理解上出现偏差，甚至和文章的中心相悖。,3.对完形填空题怀有厌倦、畏惧心理，以至做题时处于应付状态，做题能力得不到提高。,存在的问题,高中英语课程标准和考试说明 对高考完形填空的规定,完形填空是高考试题中的一个重要组成部分。“完形填空共20题，考试时间为15分钟，分值为20分。在一篇题材熟悉、难度适中的短文(约250词)内留有20个空格，每个空格为一题，每题有四个选择项，要求考生在全面理解内容的基础上选择一个最佳答案，使短文的意思和结构恢复完整。完形填空的目的是测试学生综合运用语言的能力。,高考完形填空的规定,完型填空考查综合运用语言的能力,7、生活常识综合运用能力,6、作者意图剖析能力,5、文化背景透析能力,4、逻辑推理能力,3、语篇理解能力,2、语法结构分析能力,1、词语辨析能力,选材要求,1、体裁以记叙文和夹叙夹议的文章居多，同时也会考查到议论文和说明文，体裁更趋多样化，对考生的阅读面和理解、分析能力提出更高的要求。,2、从题材上看，多选用贴近学生实际，贴近生活的事例或道理，使学生能够更好的理解。,选材要求,3、短文逻辑性强，结构严谨，层次分明，文章具有知识性的同时又含有较深的寓意、哲理，会使那些习惯于从字面意义理解文章的考生在做题时产生失误。,选材要求,06-09年江苏完形填空体裁与题材统计,了解不同体裁和题材特点，便于加深对文章的理解。,命题趋势,1、对理解能力的考查将体现在正确的英语思维能力、合理的推理判断能力、高度的概括全文大意能。还要求学生在准确的把握中心思想的基础上解决词义辨析题。,2、纯粹对语法，句式关系及固定句型的考查题将会继续减少，对语法的考查将体现在考生对长难句和一些语言现象的理解上。,命题趋势,命题趋势,4、文章字数有可能减少，但这样挖空密度会缩小，而文章短、字数少对考生在信息缺失情况下把握文章的能力提出了更高的要求。,3、生词量有增无减，对词汇的考查将体现在要求考生能够克服文章中或选项中的生词障碍上。同时文章中和选项中都会体现一些常用词义的延伸和拓展的考查，还会加大结合上下文情景及背景知识进行词义辨析的题目。,做完形填空时要注意文章开头提示句的点题作用、短文中完整句的启示作用。首先要快速浏览全文，弄清各段落之间，各层次之间的内在联系，把握文章的完整性，然后再去做题。,注意：,完形填空题型,1、根据上下文语境来确定最佳选项,近年来的完形填空试题在选项的设置上越来越淡化语法结构，对语法的考查重在文意的考察，即把具体的语言知识溶进具体的语言情景中去，考查考生通过上下文的提示或暗示，对整体文意进行把握的能力。,完形填空题型,这种考查方式所占的比例较大，且难度也大，若单纯从句子或个别段落来分析，或许所给的四个答案在语法和结构上都是正确的，若放在全局，则不一定正确。,因此，快速浏览全文，领悟文章主旨，通过上下文的语境来选择答案是解决这类题的关键。,例1： I climbed the stairs slowly, carrying a big suitcase, my father following with two more. By the time I got to the third floor, I was 1 tired and the same time feeling lonely. Worse still, Dad 2 missed a step and fell , sending my new suitcase 3 rolling down the stairs. 1. A. helpless B. lazy C. anxious D. tired 2. A. took B. minded C. missed D. picked 3. A. rolling B. passing C. dropping D. turning,例2: But Ella Fant, who was filed with 1 happiness , shouted at the top of her voice, “Look at 2 them Theyre all out of 3 step except my John Isnt he the best 1. A. sadness B. happiness C. surprise D. regret 2. A. them B. those C. that D. him 3. A. sight B. order C. mind D. step,例3：(08四川）Clearly I had made a mistake . I had started the evening wanting to have a happy time with my daughter but had allowed my desire to win to become more important than my relationship with my daughter So I had to change. A. a mistake B. a decision C. an attempt D. an effort,2、根据生活常识及文化背景知识进行逻辑推理,历年的完形填空都交织渗透着各类相关的文化背景知识和生活常识，考查考生灵活运用该方面知识的能力。,解决这类题目，考生不仅要有广博的知识、丰富的生活经历；还要能够驾驭全文，不仅理解文章的表层意义，而且要弄清文章的深层意义。,注：当对语言的把握不很准确时，可充分利用社会文化知识和生活常识来帮助判断。,例1： It was an early morning in summer. In the streets, sleepy-eyed people were moving quickly, heading towards their 1 jobs . This was the beginning of another 2 ordinary day in New York City.3 But this day was to be different. 1. A. jobs B. homes C. buses D. offices 2. A. working B. hot C. same D. ordinary 3. A. And B. So C. But D. Thus,例2：Every morning she would give him breakfast 1 in bed and bring him the papers to 2 read . 1.A. to B. at C. in D. by 2.A. check B. read C. keep D. sign,例3：（08湖南卷）I made my sandwich that afternoon while waiting for Cassie，39spreading the butter-cream gave me an idea. A. spreading B. boiling C. baking D. holding,3、根据词语的习惯用法和固定搭配来选择答案,词的固定搭配，特别是动词、名词的搭配在完形填空题中出现的比例也是比较大的，多数题目涉及到动词、名词的用法和各种搭配关系，这是由这两种词性在句子中的重要性决定的。,解决这类题目要求考生多读、多记，对所学的习语或固定搭配牢固掌握，并能根据具体的语境灵活运用。,06-09年江苏卷完形填空考点分布,例1: Mrs. Clark was 1 making tea at the time. 38. A. cooking B. making C. burning D. serving,“沏茶”用make tea “上茶”用serve the tea,例2: The other day I was sitting in a small restaurant 1 having a quiet drink and a talk with a few friends when it suddenly 2 struck me that almost everyone in the restaurant was smoking. It wasnt long 3 before the whole room was filled with smoke. 1. A. have B. had C. having D. have had 2. A. seemed B. struck C. sank D. showed 3. A. ago B. after C. before D. now,4、根据词汇的意义及词义辨析来确定答案,完形填空题的考查虽然越来越淡化语法，但对语言点的考查依然存在，不过主要体现在词汇搭配和语义辨析两个方面。要做好这种题目，不能单纯的从语法的角度考虑，还必须尽量将词语辨析与情节推理和逻辑推理结合起来，从词汇意义入手，抓住情节线索解决问题。,例1：Dad taught me a lot about life, especially its hard times. I remembered one of his 1 lessons , one night when I was ready to quit (退出) a political campaign（运动）I was losing, and wrote about it in my diary. Tired, feeling the months of 2 struggle , I went up to my study to make some notes. 1. A. classes B. advice C. lessons D. talks 2. A. struggle B. working C. battle D. defense,斗争,工作，劳动,战斗,防卫辩护,词义的辨析离不开对短文情节发展的把握,例2：She noticed how nervous he was and suggested he should stand near the stage where he could watch and follow the play. It was a good 1 way of getting rid of his nervousness, she said. She was right, it seemed to 2 work . 1. A. idea B. way C. path D. plan 2.A. do B. win C. work D. act,路线方法,做，尽力,获胜夺得,工作,起作用,行动,表演,考虑上下文的前提下，再从词汇意义入手,例3（07江苏卷）5 (No) othe