最新高三8单元语法虚拟语气用法1.ppt

A foreign language is a weapon in the struggle of life,外语是人生斗争的武器。, Marx,匈压利女翻译家卡卡扎,通晓十多种语言.通过多年的摸索和学习 她把自己学外语的丰富经验概括为简明易懂的八条,这对每一个外语 学习者都有普遍意义。,1.学习不中断，哪怕挤出10分钟也好，早晨是学外语的大好时机。 2.学厌了可变换一下学习方式或形式。 3.不要脱离上下文孤立地死记硬背。 4.随时记下并背熟那些常见的句型。 5.只有经过老师修改的东西才值得牢记,也就是说,要记住那些肯定 正确无误的东西。 6.外语好比碉堡,必须同时从四面八方围攻:读外文报,听外语广播,看 外语电影,听外语讲座,读外语课本等。 7.要敢于说外语,不要怕出错,要请别人纠正,不要难为情,更不要泄气。 8.要坚信自己一定能达到的,坚信自己有坚强的毅力和学好外语的才能.,Review the Subjunctive Mood(I),一、虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法,虚拟语气: 表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说 话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等,If I were you, I should tell him the truth.,If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it.,If it were Sunday tomorrow, I should go to see my grandmother.,在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语 都要用虚拟语气。,动词的过去式（be的过去式一般用were）,would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形,had + 过去分词,would/ should/ could/ might + have + 过去分词,动词过去式 should + 动词原形 were to + 动词原形,would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形,tips:主句中的should只用于I、we，但在美国英语 中，should常被would代替；从句中的should 可用于各种人称。,有时条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间 不一致（表示错综时间的虚拟语气），这时动词的 形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整。 If you had listened to the doctor, you would be all right now. 如果你当初听了医生的话，身体现在就好了。 (从句动作指过去，主句动作指现在),If you had practised speaking English more,you would be able to speak it fluently.,混合虚拟条件句,虚拟条件句中if的省略,如果虚拟条件从句中有were，had 或 should，可以把if省略， 把这几个词放到主语之前，构成倒装。,Were I you, I would not do it. Should he come, tell him to ring me up. Had it not rained yesterday,they would have gone camping.,含蓄虚拟语气 可以用介词短语without(没有),but for(要不是)或副词otherwise /or(否则)等来表示某种假设的情况，相当于条件句，这时该句 也常用虚拟语气。 Without air, there would be no living things. =If there were no air, there would be no living things. But for your help, I couldnt have done it. =If it hadnt been for your help, I couldnt have done it.,二.宾语从句中虚拟语气的用法 1.在动词suggest,advise,insist,order,require,request,demand, propose,desire,recommend等的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气 请求命令建议要求，其谓语动词形式为“should+动词原形”,should可省,We suggested that the machine be cleaned again. I demand that he (should) answer me immediately.,Tips: suggest意为“暗示,表明”，insist意为”坚持认为，坚持说”时， 宾语从句须用陈述语气。 Her expression suggested that she was angry. Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything.,2.wish后的宾语从句的谓语动词有三种形式: 与现在相反时,用过去 时,be用were; 与过去相反时,用“had+过去分词”; 与将来相反 时,用“would/could+动词原形”,I wish it would stop raining. She wishes she had been there yesterday.,3.有时would/had rather,would prefer等后接从句表示愿望，也要用 虚拟语气。表示与现在事实相反,用一般过去式;表示与过去事实 相反,则用过去完成式。,Id rather you came today than tomorrow. Hed rather he had been there yesterday.,三.表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气用法,1.在说明suggestion,order,idea,demand,request,proposal,advice desire等的具体内容的表语从句和同位语从句中, 用虚拟语气,结构 为“should+动词原形”,should可省略。 His suggestion is that the question should be discussed at the next meeting. He gave me advice that I (should) go to the countryside after graduation.,2.由as if/though引导的表语从句根据实际情况既可使用虚拟语气,又 可使用陈述语气,如与现在事实相反用一般过去式;与过去事实相反 用过去完成式。但如果表达的内容接近事实的可能性大, 也可用陈 述语气。 It looks as if it were going to rain. It looks as if it is going to rain.,四.主语从句中虚拟语气的用法,在主语从句中虚拟语气表示惊奇,惋惜等意。谓语动词形式为“should +动词原形”,should可省,常用句型有: 1.It is necessary(impossible,important,natural,strange)that (should) do 2.Its a pity(a shame, a surprise) that(should) do 3.It is suggested(requested,desired)that(should) do,It is strange that he shuold act like this. It was a great pity that you should have made so mang mistakes in your maths exam. It was suggested that the aports meet be put off till next Saturday,五.定语从句中虚拟语气的用法,在It is (high/about) time (that)句型中,定语从句的谓语动词用过去 式或”should+动词原形(should不能省,be用were)”来表示,意为“该到 做某事的时候了”,It is time that we had/should have dinner. Its (high) time we did our homework.,1.If the rescue had not come so quickly,the truck driver _ (就不会得救). (would, save) 3.But for their common efforts,they _ (不会取得) such great success in their research.(achieve),4.Tom (不可能找到他的汽车), for he came to work by bus this moring.(could),5.Altough someone didnt believe in him, I insisted that _ (他会信守诺言) this time. (word),2.What would happen if the earth _(停止转动). (stop),would not have been saved,should stop turning,wouldnt have achieved,couldnt have found his car,he would keep his word,8.It is necessary that he (派他去) there at once. (send),9.We have been waiting for you at the school gate.You _ _(本来应该告知我们) that you would not arrive on time. (inform),10.Janes pale face suggested that she was ill, and her parents suggested that she _(进行一次体检). (examination),7.She wishes she (没有花那么多的钱). (spe