试卷章节评任务型阅读书面表达.ppt

试卷讲评 任务型阅读、书面表达,南京市文枢中学 吴宁,Are immigrants (移民) good or bad for the economy? The American public strongly thinks theyre bad. Yet the opinion among most economists is that immigration provides a small net（净利）increase to the economy. Immigrants provide cheap labor, lower the prices of everything, and leave consumers with a little more money in their pockets. So why is there such a difference between the awareness of immigrants impact on the economy and the reality? There are a number of familiar theories. Some argue that people are anxious and feel threatened by an inflow of new workers. Others highlight the pressure that illegal immigrants place on public services, like schools, hospitals, and jails. Still others emphasize the role of race, arguing that foreigners add to the nations fears and insecurities. Theres some truth to all these explanations, but they arent quite sufficient. To get a better understanding of the issue, consider the way immigrations impact is felt. Though its overall effect may be positive, its costs and benefits are distributed unevenly. David Card, an economist, notes that the ones who profit most directly from immigrants low-cost labor are businesses and employers meatpacking plants in Nebraska, for instance, or agricultural businesses in California. Indeed, these producers savings probably translate into lower prices at the grocery store, but how many consumers make that mental connection at the checkout counter? As for the drawbacks of illegal immigration, these, too, are concentrated. Native low-skilled workers suffer most from the competition of foreign labor. According to a study by George Borjas, a Harvard economist, immigration reduced the wages of American high-school dropouts by 9% between 1980-2000. Among high-skilled, better-educated employees, however, opposition(敌对) is strongest in states with both high numbers of immigrants and relatively generous social services. What worries them most is the financial burden of immigration. Researchers have found strong evidence that their opposition appeared to soften when that financial burden decreased, as occurred with welfare reform in the 1990s, which limited immigrants access to certain benefits. Overheated as the debate is, the net effect of immigration is minimal. Even for the low-skilled workers, or California residents, the impact isnt all that dramatic. “The unpleasant voices have tended to control our assumptions,“ says Daniel Tichenor, a political science professor. “But when all those factors are put together and the economists calculate the numbers, it ends up being a net positive, but a small one.“ Too bad most people dont realize it.,Impact of immigration on economy,locate (定位) to paragraph(s),The American public strongly thinks theyre bad. Yet the opinion among most economists is that immigration provides a small net（净利）increase to the economy.,The general public thinks (71) _ from most economists.,locate (定位) to sentence(s),compare & contrast (比对) to write out the word,Task-based reading ：3 steps,?,Are immigrants (移民) good or bad for the economy? The American public strongly thinks theyre bad. Yet the opinion among most economists is that immigration provides a small net（净利）increase to the economy. Immigrants provide cheap labor, lower the prices of everything, and leave consumers with a little more money in their pockets. So why is there such a difference between the awareness of immigrants impact on the economy and the reality? There are a number of familiar theories. Some argue that people are anxious and feel threatened by an inflow of new workers. Others highlight the pressure that illegal immigrants place on public services, like schools, hospitals, and jails. Still others emphasize the role of race, arguing that foreigners add to the nations fears and insecurities. Theres some truth to all these explanations, but they arent quite sufficient. To get a better understanding of the issue, consider the way immigrations impact is felt. Though its overall effect may be positive, its costs and benefits are distributed unevenly. David Card, an economist, notes that the ones who profit most directly from immigrants low-cost labor are businesses and employers meatpacking plants in Nebraska, for instance, or agricultural businesses in California. Indeed, these producers savings probably translate into lower prices at the grocery store, but how many consumers make that mental connection at the checkout counter? As for the drawbacks of illegal immigration, these, too, are concentrated. Native low-skilled workers suffer most from the competition of foreign labor. According to a study by George Borjas, a Harvard economist, immigration reduced the wages of American high-school dropouts by 9% between 1980-2000. Among high-skilled, better-educated employees, however, opposition(敌对) is strongest in states with both high numbers of immigrants and relatively generous social services. What worries them most is the financial burden of immigration. Researchers have found strong evidence that their opposition appeared to soften when that financial burden decreased, as occurred with welfare reform in the 1990s, which limited immigrants access to certain benefits. Overheated as the debate is, the net effect of immigration is minimal. Even for the low-skilled workers, or California residents, the impact isnt all that dramatic. “The unpleasant voices have tended to control our assumptions,“ says Daniel Tichenor, a political science professor. “But when all those factors are put together and the economists calculate the numbers, it ends up being a net positive, but a small one.“ Too bad most people dont realize it.,Impact of immigration on economy,Answers: 71. 72. Explanations/Reasons/Theories 73. anxiety 74. pressure/strain 75. 76. profit(s)/ benefit(s) 77. 78. 79. positive 80.,Scoring rate 71. 0% 72. 53% 73. 79% 74. 89% 75. 11% 76. 82% 77. 7% 78. 14% 79. 53% 80. 7%,原词,原词,词形变化,原词,词形变化,单词设空类型：原词；词形变化；慨括/同义转换 6,2,2(11) 4,4,2(12),概括,同义转换,词形变化,同义转换,同义转换,Are immigrants (移民) good or bad for the economy? The American public strongly thinks theyre bad. Yet the opinion among most economists is that immigration provides a small net（净利）increase to the economy. Immigrants provide cheap labor, lower the prices of everything, and leave consumers with a little more money in their pockets. So why is there such a difference between the awareness of immigrants impact on the economy and the reality?,The American public strongly thinks theyre bad. Yet the opinion among most economists is that immigration provides a small net（净利）increase to the economy.,differently,different? differ?,71.,概括,Still others emphasize the role of race, arguing that foreigners add to the nations fears and insecurities.,secure safe,security? securities? insecurities? insecure?,75.,词性变化+反义,To get a better understanding of the issue, consider the way immigrations impact is felt. Though its overall effect may be positive, its costs and benefits are distributed unevenly. David Card, an economist, notes that the ones who profit most directly from immigrants low-cost labor are businesses and employers meatpacking plants in Nebraska, for instance, or agricultural businesses in California. Indeed, these producers savings probably translate into lower prices at the grocery store, but how many consumers make that mental connection at the checkout counter? ,Businesses and employers get the most (76) profits, which may lead to lower prices of some goods, but customers dont (77) _ that way .,think,Indeed, these producers savings probably translate into lower prices at the grocery store, but how many consumers make that mental connection at the checkout counter ? ,77.,同义转换,Among high-skilled, better-educated employees, however, opposition(敌对) is strongest in states with both high numbers of immigrants and relatively generous social services. What worries them most is the financial burden of immigration. Researchers have found strong evidence that their opposition appeared to soften when that financial burden decreased, as occurred with welfare reform in the 1990s, which limited immigrants access to certain benefits.,What the high-skilled, better educated employees concern most is the financial burden, which is strongly (78) _ by research findings.,Researchers have found strong evidence that their opposition appeared to soften when that financial burden decreased, as occurred with welfare reform in the 1990s, which limited immigrants access to certain benefits., which is strongly (78) _ by research findings.,proved,78.,同义转换,80.,Too bad most people dont realize it.,. Unfortunately, most people (80) _ to realize it.,fail,hardly? not? hard? unable? difficult? never? havent? cant? intend?,同义转换,定位要准确 比对要仔细 单词=意思+词性,There are a number of familiar theories. Some argue that people are anxious and feel threatened by an inflow of new workers. Others highlight the pressure that illegal immigrants place on public services, like schools, hospitals, and jails. Still others emphasize the role of race, arguing that foreigners add to the nations fears and insecurities. Theres some truth to all these explanations, but they arent quite sufficient.,There are a number of familiar theories. Theres some truth to all these explanations, but they arent quite sufficient.,Theories Explanations Reasons,72.,原词,Some argue that people are anxious and feel threatened by an inflow of new workers.,anxiety,73.,词形变化,Others highlight the pressure that illegal immigrants place on public services, like schools, hospitals, and jails.,pressure,74., illegal immigrants place the pressure on public services, ,原词,To get a better understanding of the issue, consider the way immigrations impact is felt. Though its overall effect may be positive, its costs and benefits are distributed unevenly. David Card, an economist, notes that the ones who profit most directly from immigrants low-cost labor are businesses and employers meatpacking plants in Nebraska, for instance, or agricultural businesses in California. Indeed, these producers savings probably translate into lower prices at the grocery store, but how many consumers make that mental connection at the checkout counter? ,Businesses and employers get the most (76) _, which may lead to lower prices of some goods, but customers dont (77) _ that way.,David Card, an economist, notes that the ones who profit most directly from immigrants low-cost labor are businesses and employers meatpacking plants in Nebraska, for instance, or agricultural businesses in California. Indeed, these producers savings probably translate into lower prices at the grocery store, but how many consumers make that mental connection at the checkout counter? ,businesses and employers profit most directly from immigrants low-cost labor,profit(s) benefit(s),76.,词形变化,Overheated as the debate is, the net effect of immigration is minimal. Even for the low-skilled workers, or California residents, the impact isnt all that dramatic. “The unpleasant voices have tended to control our assumptions,“ says Daniel Tichenor, a political science professor. “But when all those factors are put together and the economists calculate the numbers, it ends up being a net positive, but a small one.“ Too bad most people dont realize it.,The overall impact of immigration turns out to be a net (79) _. Unfortunately, most people (80) _ to realize it.,positive,79.,原词,近期，几起校园事件引起了广泛的关注。请阅读下面背景资料，并根据问题，用英文写一篇短文向学校英文报投稿。 A student Huang, at Fudan University, died on April 16 after drinking the poisoned water in his dorm. His classmate committed the crime for having quarreled with Huang over “trivial matters(琐事).” Both were said to be excellent students. Another death happened on the same day in Nanhang Jincheng College. A student Yuan, absorbed in computer games, didnt open the door for his roommate Jiang. Later, they had a fierce argument, in which Jiang was stabbed(刺) to death. Both had a good academic record. How did you feel when you learnt the news? What might be the causes of the school violence? In your opinion, what should be done to prevent similar incidents from the perspectives(角度) of schools, parents and the students themselves? 注意：词数150左右。开头已写好，不计入总次数。 参考词汇:awareness of the law 法律意识 psychological心理的 campus校园的 Recently, two campus deaths have aroused wide public concern. _,Examine the requirements,P1.Your feeling P2. Causes of the campus violence P3. Measures: schools parents students,Writing,Problems: Writing something not required. Not writing about the point sufficiently.,A student Huang was poisoned to death by his classmates at Fudan University because of “trivial matters”, both of whom were said to be excellent students. Another student Yuan was stabbed to death by his roommate Jiang in Nahang College, both of whom had a good academic record. I felt shocked when I heard the news.,P1. Your feeling,How to write more? Why did you feel shocked? How did you feel about the victims parents or the criminals? Why? Didnt you feel frightened and worried?,Ask yourself WH questions from various angles!,Problem: No obvious key sentence.,P2. Causes of the campus violence, This is the first main reason. The second reason is ,Several factors contribute to the deaths. The first main reason is that Secondly, In addition, ,How do you get the main idea when fast reading a text? Where do you want it to appear?,Write a key sentence at the beginning of a paragraph.,Do use transition words.,Problem: Mentioning only one aspect (students).,Faced with these problems, we should take some measures to solve them. To begin with, we should choose those as our friends who have good character and kind heart. We should treat our friends politely and help them as much as possible. Second, we can have a talk with your classmate who have misunderstood you. Whats more, I believe that you can give your friends some advice, and it will be a success.,P3. Measures to prevent similar incidents from the perspectives of schools, parents and the students,Writing Format,1. Your feeling,2. Causes of the campus violence,3. Measures to prevent similar incidents,When I heard the news, I felt ,Several factors might contribute to the campus violence. First of all, Second, . In addition, .,In my opinion, it is time that measures should be taken. One the one hand, . On the other hand, Moreover, .,Learn and improve,use clauses,Students should take control of their moods, which is the key to avoiding such conflicts. (Wang Manqing) Students who are cared too much by their parents often have bad temper. (Miao Lianxiang) If we have a healthy psychological state, we can handle problems better. (Pan Min),Hearing this, I cant help wondering what might be the causes of the school violence. (Wang Qian ) Schools should also contribute to students relationship, teaching them measures to handle conflicts. (Ying Qian) Faced with these problems, we should take measures to solve them. (Tao Ran),use participle phrases,Join the following sentences. 1. Many parents have only one child. They love their children too much. It may make their children selfish. 2. Some university students lack awareness of law. They dont realize the consequences of their behaviors.,Many parents _ love their children too much, _ them selfish.,Some university students lack awareness of law, not _ the consequences of their behaviors.,Practice,Some university students lack awareness of law, _ they dont realize the consequences of their behaviors.,who have only one child,which makes making,so,realizing,Not only was I sad for the victims parents, but I also felt ashamed for the students who committed the crime. (Wang Manqing) Only in this way can we have a peaceful school life. (Ying Qian) I felt shocked when I learnt the excellent students had been killed because of trivial matters. What a pity! (Zhang Lili) Schools are supposed to focus on improving students awareness of law while parents need to know their children better. As students, we should take control of our moods. (Wang Yujia),variety in sentence patterns and expressions,Practice,Fill in