高考英语语法分词结构课件

TheParticiples分词分词的主要用法

分词：现在分词(doing)和过去分词(done)现在分词doing：主动、正在进行的动作过去分词done：已经完成且被动的动作（vt.），或仅表示完成的动作（vi.）KindsoftheParticiplesThePresentParticiples(doing)------主动和进行ThePastParticiples(done)vt.------被动并完成vi.------完成

boilingwater------ boiledwateradevelopingcountry----adevelopedcountryachangingsociety--------achangedsocietyamovingtrain------------awrittenreplyarisingsun----------------arisensunboring---------------boredpuzzling-----------------puzzledFunctionsoftheParticiples作表语作定语作宾语补足语作状语1.作表语Wearesurprisedatthesurprisingnews.Iamveryinterestedintheinterestingstory.Wearealltiredofsuchatiringquestion.现在分词----“令人…”，表示事物的性质特征过去分词----“（自己）感到…”，表示人的感受interest,excite,surprise,please,disappoint,satisfy,tire,encourage…

vt.使某人感到…现在分词与动名词作表语的区别Thefootballmatchwasveryexciting.Myfavoritesportisplayingbasketball.现在分词作表语：具有形容词的性质，描述主语的状态和特征动名词作表语：具有名词性质，表示主语的内容2.作定语前置定语（n.前）Herushedintotheburninghouse.Thereareseveralfallenleavesontheground.Thepolicearehuntingfortheescapedprisoner.后置定语（n.后）Thecomputerseverproducedareofgoodquality.Thisisoneofthebuildingsbuiltinthe1960s.Thebuildingbeingbuiltthereistheschoollibrary.现在分词------主动和进行过去分词vt.------被动并完成vi.------完成beingdone:正在进行的被动动作done:强调已经完成的动作或持续的被动状态Theproblembeingdiscussednowisveryimportant.

正在讨论的问题Theproblemdiscussedyesterdaywasveryimportant.

昨天讨论过的问题

现在分词的被动式beingdone

PK过去分词done分词作定语的位置单个分词:被修饰名词之前，前置定语spokenEnglish,excitingnews分词短语:被修饰名词之后，后置定语thelanguagespokeninthiscountrytheboystandingthere

Thestudentsplayingintheplaygroundaremyclassmates.Theseplasticbottlesusedalreadycanberecycled.Thereissomething

interestinginthenewspaper.与定语从句的转换TheboysittingbesidemeisJack.

=whositsbesidemeMostofthestudentssingingaregirls.

=whoaresingingThepenmadeinChinawriteswell.

=whichismadeinChinaThemoneyraisedalreadywillbedonatedtothepoor.

=whichhasbeenalreadyraised与定语从句的转换不能转换成分词的定语从句主从句动词有先后ThemanwhohasgonetoShanghaiwillbe

backagain.ThemanhavinggonetoShanghaiwillbe…being单独不能作定语Hehasabrotherwhoisaworker.Hehasabrotherbeingaworker.现在分词与所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系动名词作定语表示其修饰名词的性质或用途，两者在逻辑上无主谓关系asleepingchild----------asleepingbagtherunningwater--------therunningtracktheswimmingfish-------aswimmingpoolaflyingbird---------------aflyingcourse现在分词和动名词作定语的区别see,hear,feel,notice,find,watch+doing/doneHeheardthewindblowing.Heheardthedoorshut/closed.Ijustsawhimgooutoftheschool.Isawhimbeingbeatenbyhisfather.seesb./sth.doseesb./sth.doingseesb./sth.doneseesb./sth.beingdone3.作宾语补足语（感官动词）主动、正在发生被动、事件主动、事件被动、正在发生like,want,wish+(tobe)doneIdon’tlikemydaughtertakenoutafterdark.Iwanttheworkfinishedatonce.Thereaderswishedthestorycontinued.3.作宾语补足语make,keep,get,leave,catch,set,haveMakeyourselfheardandunderstood.IhadmyTVrepairedyesterday.Pleasekeepusinformedofthelatestnews.Canyougettheclockgoingagain?Icaughttheboycheatingintheexam.Myjokesetallthegirlsgiggling.3.作宾语补足语（使役动词）makesb./sth.domakesb/sth.donehavesb./sth.dohavesb./sth.doinghavesb./sth.doneleavesb./sth.doingleavesb./sth.donekeepsb./sth.doingkeepsb./sth.donegetsb./sth.todogetsb./sth.doinggetsb./sth.donecatchsb./sth.doingsetsb.doing不定式与分词作宾补的区别不定式与现在分词作宾补的区别Isawtheboysjumpingwithjoy.Isawtheboysjumpontothestage.Wesattwohoursandwatchedtheteachermaketheexperiment.Wepassedbytheclassroomandsawtheteachermakingtheexperiment.不定式与分词作宾补的区别不定式被动语态和过去分词作宾补的区别Wouldyoulikethewindowtobeclosed?不定式被动语态：强调动作Wouldyoulikethewindowsclosed?过去分词：强调状态和结果4.作状语时间状语原因状语条件状语让步状语伴随状态表示方式分词独立主格

可以转换成状语从句或并列句(1)时间状语Walkingthroughthesquare,Icaughtsightofaband.Takenroundthecity,wewereimpressedbythecity’snewlook.While/Whentalkingwithherteacher,shefeltnervous.While/Whenfired,itwillgiveoffpoisonousgas.

Onhearingthegoodnews,shejumpedupwithjoy.

=WhileIwaswalking…=Whenweweretaken…=Whenshewastalking…=Whenitisfired=Assoonas/Whensheheard…分词作时间状语的时态同时、正在发生Seeingtheteacher,hestoppedtalking.Being

followed,hefeltverynervous.过去、完成Builtinthe17thcentury,thetowerattractedthem.havingdone/havingbeendone更强调动作先后Having

finishedmywork,Iwenthome.Having

been

finishedontime,theworkmadethebosshappy.(2)原因状语Thinkinghemightbeinhisoffice,Itelephonedhim.Notknowinghowtodo,Iaskedhimtohelpme.Tiredout,theystoppedtohavearest.Lostinhisbook,hedidn’tnoticehercoming.Writteninhaste,thecompositionwasfullofmistakes.(3)条件状语Stayinghereforsometime,you’llfindthepeopleherearefriendly.Studyinghard,youareabletopasstheexam.Heated,waterchangesintovapor.(If)Givenmoretime,Iwouldhavedonethejobfarbetter.Oncelearned,itwillneverbeforgotten=Ifyoustay…=Ifyoustudy…=Ifitisheated=IfIhadbeengiven…=Onceitislearned(4)让步状语Beingold,hestudieshard.=Althoughheisold,Evenifinvited,Iwon’tgoforthedinner.=EvenifIaminvited,Thoughwarnedofdanger,hestillwentskatingonthethinice.=Thoughhewaswarnedofdanger,(5)伴随状态Shewenthome,laughingandjumping.Hesatatthewindowreadinganewspaper.Hehungupthephone,satisfied,withasmileonhisface.Thechildrenwatchedtheantscarryingtheleaves,amazed.Theyreturnedhome,worn

out.(6)表示方式Hesatleaningagainstthewall.Heoftenwentshoppingwhilehewasthere.Suddenlyafamouspoetcameridingby.分词独立主格结构Weatherpermitting,we’llgoforthespringtrip.

=Ifweatherpermits,…Itbeingcold,sheputonherovercoat.

=Asitwascold,…Ourhousepaintedblue,welikeitbetter.

=Ourhousehasbeenpaintedblue,so…Ourworkdone,wewenthome.

=Ourworkwasdone,and…Ourworkhavingbeendone,wewenthome.

=Ourworkhadbeendone,and…分词独立主格结构Theycontinued,withthewindblowing.Withalltheproblemssettled,wefeltrelieved.Theysatintheroomwithallthewindowsfirmly

closed.Hecamein,bookinhand.=Hecamein,withabookinhishands.分词独立主格结构---固定结构Judgingfrom/bythereport,thedamagewasnotserious.Generallyspeaking,thelivingexpensesareusuallyhighincities.Speakingoftheseabottom,itisirre