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专题Ol阅读理解【限时集训】

冲刺2023年高考英语大题突破

(解析版)

阅读理解的设题类型主要分为基础和深层理解两类,其中主要包括细节理解题、推理判断题、词义猜测

题、主旨大意题、写作意图题以及观点态度题这6个题型。

(2022•江苏•一模)

Theturnoftheyearistraditionallythetimeforreviewingone,slife,andperhapsformakingsomeresolutions

astowhattoconcentrateoninthecomingyear;andformanyyearspastIhavetakenadvantageoftheholiday

periodtoreviewmyowngoalandambition.

OnethingIdodecidetodothisyear,withsomeunwillingness,istogiveupwritingtheGrumpyOld

Bookmancolumninthismagazine.IfsnotthatI,velostinterestinthebookworld,youunderstand.ButLeonard

Woolf,husbandofwriterVirginiaWool,usedtosaythatamanshouldchangehiscareereverysevenyears.Though

personallyIwouldsaythatchangingyourwholecareersooftenisgoingabitfar,Idofind,duringmyown

workinglife,thatitactsasagreatrefresherifyoucanoccasionallytryanewjobwithinthesameorganizationor

lineofbusiness.

Itisinfactwellover15yearssinceoureditorwrotetomeandaskedifIwouldbeinterestedinwritinga

regularpieceaboutwhatwas,eventhen,arapidlychangingpublishingscene.Heapproachedmebecausesince

2004ɪhadbeenwritingaregularblogcalled,amazinglyenough,GrumpyOldBookman.

Asmymonthlysurveyofdevelopmentsinbothtraditionalanddigitalpublishingcontinued,inthismagazine,

Ibegantorealizethatwritersinthiscentury,ofbothfictionandnon-fiction,arelivinginsomethingclosetoa

paradise.Once,youstruggledforyearstofindapublisher—oranagentifyouwantedone—butnowyoucan

publishyourownstuff,eitherdigitallyorinpaperback,withoutitcostingyouapennypiece.Amazing.

Afteraboutfiveyearsofproducingsuchcolumns,atjustunderathousandwordsatime,itoccurredtomethat,

ratherthanlettheseessaysdriftawayontheseasoftime,itmightbeofvaluetopotentialreaderstopublishmy

thoughtsandcommentsinbookform.Hence,in2014,1publishedthefirst69GOBcolumnsinpaperbackformat,

usingAmazon,sCreatespacefacilities.Title:WritersRejoice!Amonthlydiaryofthedawnofthedigitalage,which

wasmyfirsttrial.AndnowIsincerelywishanew2022.

1.Whydoestheauthorwanttogiveupwritingthecolumn?

A.HefollowsLeonardWoolf,ssuggestion.

B.Heisverykeenontryingsomethingnew.

C.Heisfedupwiththecareerlinkedtobooks.

D.He,susedtochanginghisjobeverysevenyears.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,whatcanbeinferredfromParagraph4?

A.Itisablessingtoliveinthepresenttimes.

B.Publishingindustryisaprofitablebusiness.

C.Itisratherhardtopublishbooksnowadays.

D.Nowitisamazingtofindapublishereasily.

3.Whatdoyouthinkoftheauthor?

A.Purposefulandgoodatself-reflecting.

B.Dedicatedbuteasytodoubthimself.

C.Emotionalandgoodatcontrollinghimself.

D.Ambitiousbutreluctanttochangehimself,

4.Whatdoestheauthormainlywanttotellus?

A.Givinguptimelyisanothervirtue.

B.Thebeginningofayearisanewstart.

C.Reflectioncandriveustopushforward.

D.Changingthejobmeansanewopportunity.

【答案】1.A2.A3.A4.C

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过讲述自己如何通过反思而产生了自己新的专栏,来说明反思可以推

动我们前进。

1.细节理解题。根据第二段中“ButLeonardWoolf,husbandofwriterVirginiaWool,usedtosaythatamanshould

changehiscareereverysevenyears.ThoughpersonallyIwouldsaythatchangingyourwholecareersooftenis

goingabitfar,Idofind,duringmyownworkinglife,thatitactsasagreatrefresherifyoucanoccasionallytrya

newjobwithinthesameorganizationorlineOfbUSineSS.(但是伦纳德•伍尔夫,作家弗吉尼亚・伍尔的丈夫,曾经

说过•个男人应该每七年换一次职业。虽然我个人会说,如此频繁地改变整个职业生涯有点过分,但我确

实发现,在我自己的工作生涯中,如果你能偶尔在同一机构或同一业务领域尝试一份新工作,这是一种很

好的提神剂)”可知,作者放弃写专栏是因为他采纳了伦纳德・伍尔夫的建议。故选A项。

2.推理判断题。根据第四段中“Asmymonthlysurveyofdevelopmentsinbothtraditionalanddigitalpublishing

continued,inthismagazine,Ibegantorealizethatwritersinthiscentury,ofbothfictionandnon-fiction,areliving

insomethingclosetoaparadise.Once,youstruggledforyearstofindapublisher-oranagentifyouwanted

one——butnowyoucanpublishyourownstuff,eitherdigitallyorinpaperback,withoutitcostingyouapenny

PieCe.(随着我每月对传统出版和数字由版发展的调查继续进行,在这本杂志上,我开始意识到,这个世纪的

小说和非小说作家,都生活在一个接近天堂的地方。曾经,你要花好几年的时间才能找到出版商——如果

你想找的话也可以找个代理商——但现在你可以出版自己的作品了,无论是电子版的还是平装本的,每本

都不用花一分钱户可推知,作者认为现今对小说和非小说作家非常友好,活在当下是一种福气。故选A项。

3.推理判断题。根据第一段“Theturnoftheyearistraditionallythetimeforreviewingone,slife,andperhapsfor

makingsomeresolutionsastowhattoconcentrateoninthecomingyear;andfbrmanyyearspastIhavetaken

advantageoftheholidayperiodtoreviewmyowngoalandambition.(传统上,新年伊始是回顾人生的时候,或

许也是制定新年计划的时候;多年来,我一直利用假期回顾自己的目标和抱负)“可知,作者是个善于自我反

省的人,再根据二段中“ButLeonardWoolf,husbandofwriterVirginiaWool,usedtosaythatamanshould

changehiscareereverysevenyears.ThoughpersonallyIwouldsaythatchangingyourwholecareersooftenis

goingabitfar,Idofind,duringmyownworkinglife,thatitactsasagreatrefresherifyoucanoccasionallytrya

newjobwithinthesameorganizationorlineOfbUSineSS.(但是伦纳德•伍尔夫,作家弗吉尼亚・伍尔的丈夫,曾经

说过一个男人应该每七年换一次职业。虽然我个人会说,如此频繁地改变整个职业生涯有点过分,但我确

实发现,在我自己的工作生涯中,如果你能偶尔在同一机构或同一业务领域尝试一份新工作,这是一种很

好的提神剂)“可知,作者是个目的明确的人,所以综上可知,我认为作者是个目标明确,善于自我反省的人。

故选A项。

4.主旨大意题。根据第∙段”Theturnoftheyearistraditionallythetimeforreviewingone,slife,andperhapsfbr

makingsomeresolutionsastowhattoconcentrateoninthecomingyear;andformanyyearspastɪhavetaken

advantageoftheholidayperiodtoreviewmyowngoalandambition.(传统上,新年伊始是回顾人生的时候,或

许也是制定新年计划的时候;多年来,我一直利用假期回顾自己的目标和抱负)“可知,本文主要是讲作者如

何反思自己,再根据最后一段"Afteraboutfiveyearsofproducingsuchcolumns,atjustunderathousandwordsa

time,itoccurredtomethat,ratherthanlettheseessaysdriftawayontheseasoftime,itmightbeofvalueto

potentialreaderstopublishmythoughtsandcommentsinbookform.Hence,in2014,1publishedthefirst69GOB

columnsinpaperbackformat,usingAmazon,sCreatespacefacilities.Title:WritersRejoice!Amonthlydiaryofthe

dawnofthedigitalage,whichwasmyfirsttrial.Andnowɪsincerelywishanew2022.(在写了大约5年这样的专

栏,每次不到IoOO字之后,我突然想到,与其让这些文章在时间的海洋中漂流,不如把我的想法和评论以

书的形式发表出来,对潜在的读者可能会有价值。因此,在2014年,我用亚马逊的Create空间设施出版了

第一批69个平装本的GOB专栏。标题:作家们欢呼吧!一本记录数字时代黎明的月报,这是我的第一次尝试。

现在,我真诚地祝愿一个新的2022)”可知,作者通过反思于是有了自己的又一新的专栏。所以作者主要想

告诉我们反思可以推动我们前进。故选C项。

1.细节理解题

细节理解题主要考查原文中的具体信息,用WhO,when,where,what,which,Why,howπIany和howmuch

等进行发问,考查考生对阅读材料中的某一特定细节的理解能力。

解题原则:

忠实于原文原句及全篇逻辑关系,不能主观臆断。

解题方法:

Stepl:题干中选定关键词(定位词)

Step2:通过略读、查读锁定文中定位区域

Step3:结合信息区域上下文理解、比对

Step4:排除干扰项,筛选得出答案

技巧1:

若针对举例子、人物言论出题,需要查找例子以及人物所说的句子前后的内容,然后与各选项逐一核对。

技巧2:

在出现一些关键词,如however,but,moreover,therefore,thus时,要特别注意句子前后意义的转折、

递进、因果等关系。

技巧3:

细节理解题的答案一般是同义替换项或者同义转换。

技巧4:

选项中有绝对语气词的一般不是答案。如:must,never,themost,all,merely,only,haveto,any,no,

completely,none,等。但不是绝对,也有例外。

技巧5:

注意选项中的副词、形容词和介词短语等与原文是否一致。如:must,may,often,should,usually,might,

most,moreorless,likely,all,never,few等存在程度不同,经常被偷换,往往被忽视。

技巧6:

注意干扰项特点:与原文内容相反;与原文内容一半相符,一半不同;叙述过于绝对化;原文没有提及。

2.推理判断题

高考英语推理判断题的考查方向主要包括:推断隐含意义;推断文章出处或读者对象;推断人物性格;对

文章内容进行预测;推断写作手法或篇章结构。

技巧7:推断隐含意义

题干中常出现knowabout,learnfrom,infer(推断),indicate(暗示),imply(暗示),suggest(表明,

暗示),conclude(得出结论),assume(假定,认为)等短语或词。

技巧8:正确选项的特点

不是原文直接叙述的信息。一般没有表示绝对概念的字眼,通常含有USUally,may,mostlikely,

some,might,can,possibly等词或短语。

技巧9:根据文章内容判断出处

介绍某产品性能的文章可能来自广告;介绍某人生平事迹的文章可能来自传记;介绍浅显的科学知识的文

章可能选自学生用的教材或杂志;介绍新型交通工具的文章可能来自报纸上的科技版面;介绍某处名胜或

景点的文章可能出自旅游杂志、休闲杂志等。

技巧10:根据文中关键信息判断文章出处

含有网址或click等字眼的文章可能出自网站;含有experiment,research等词的文章可能来自科学报告

或研究论文;含有admission,routes等词的文章可能来自旅行指南;含有food,health等词的文章可能来

自健康杂志或报纸的健康版块。

技巧11:对文章内容进行预测

做这类题目时.,要把握作者的写作思路(如文章可能按事件发展的顺序来写,也可能按因果关系、对比关系

等来叙述)。作者往往先提出几个要解决或说明的问题,或提出几种观点,然后再一一解释说明。因此,考生

可以先找出作者已经阐明的问题或观点,接下来文章将会如何发展便一目了然。

技巧12:推断写作手法或篇章结构

解答此类题时,考生要能够把握文章的脉络,理清段落层次之间的关系,弄清作者的写作方法。作者可能采用

不同的写作手法来组织文章,如通过举例、类比等手法来阐明主题。

3.词义猜测题

技巧13:

利用构词法、语法关系、逻辑关系、上下文语境、生活常识、文化背景等来猜出单词、短语或句子的意思。

4.主旨大意题

技巧14:

通过略读捕捉文中的关键词和主题句,把握篇章结构,然后根据文章的框架分析作者行文过程中的详略安

排和上下文的逻辑关系,梳理出文章的主体脉络,从而弄清楚作者的思路和意图,最终归纳出主旨大意。

5.写作意图题

这类题要求考生不仅能理解文章的内容,还要具备对作者所阐述的问题及使用的写作手法进行分析和归纳

总结的能力。

技巧15:主旨推断法

写作目的通常是阐述作者为何要表达某个中心主题,因此可根据文章或段落的主旨推断作者的写作目的。

技巧16:文体推断法

根据文体的特点来推断。不同体裁的文章有不同的写作目的,比如广告类应用文的写作目的是推销产品或

服务,议论文的写作目的是阐述论点,科普类说明文的写作目的是介绍科学知识,使大家紧跟时代步伐。

6.观点态度题

技巧17:

判断题目考查的是作者的观点或态度还是文中人物的观点或态度。

技巧18:

切勿用自己的观点代替作者的观点或文中人物的观点。

技巧19:

注意文中描写环境以及表达感情色彩、观点或态度的词语或句子,利用它们来推断作者的观点或态度。

技巧20:

文中人物的观点或态度经常会出现在该人物的话语中。

【阅读理解】1

(A)

(2023•江苏南京•校联考一模)

BrandingeventsofChinaDaily

Sinceitslaunchin1981,ChinaDailyhasgrowntobecomethenation,sleadingEnglish-languagenewspaper.

Withacombinedprint,onlineandmobilereadershipofmorethan350million,itservesavitalroleintellingthe

worldaboutChina,providingvaluableinsightintotheworld,ssecond-largesteconomy.AseriesOfbrandingevents

areconductedbyChinaDailytoimprovepublicdiplomacy(外交)andinternationalcommunication.

VisionChinaLectures

AseriesoftalksareorganizedbyChinaDailyinwhichleadingpoliticalandbusinessfiguresareinvitedto

speakandinteractlivewithdomesticandforeignaudiences.TheVisionChinalecturesfocusonmajorissuesfacing

Chinaandtheworld,explorewhatChina,sstoιymeansfortheworld,andhowChinesewisdomcanhelptheworld.

ChinaWatchThinkTankForum

Elites,includingopinionleaders,politiciansandbusinesspersonswithexpertise(专业知识)onChina,discuss

topicsondevelopmentsandthefutureofChinaandtheworldinChinaWatchThinkTankForum.

AsiaLeadershipRoundtable

TheChinaDailyAsiaLeadershipRoundtableprovidesaplatformforhigh-leveldialogueandcommunication

amongleadersandsocialelitesinthefieldsofpolitics,businessandacademiainAsia.

“21StCenturyCup”NationalEnglishSpeakingCompetition

ThecompetitionisthemostfamousEnglish-speakingcompetitioninChina.Itisthequaliiyingroundfor

studentswhowishtorepresentChinaintheInternationalPublicSpeakingCompetitioninLondon.

TESOLChinaAssembly

OrganizedbyChinaDailyinpartnershipwithTESOLInternationalAssociation(TeachersofEnglishto

SpeakersofOtherLanguages),theTESOLChinaAssemblyisahigh-levelinternationalEnglishLanguage

Teaching(ELT)eventinChina.Itaimstopromotescholarshipandcross-culturalunderstandingamongEnglish

educatorsinChina,andtoenhancedialoguebetweenChina,sELTprofessionalswiththeirpeersworldwide.

Formoredetails,clickhere.

1.What,sthemainpurposeofChinaDaily?

A.Toholdvariousbrandingevents.

B.Topromoteinterpersonalcommunication.

C.Tocombineprint,onlineandmobilereadership.

D.TohelppeoplearoundtheglobeknowChinabetter.

2.WhatdoVisionChinaLecturesandAsiaLeadershipRoundtablehaveincommon?

A.Theyinvolvepoliticiansandbusinesspersons.

B.TheyfocusonmajorissuesfacingChinaandtheworld.

C.Theyprovideaplatformforpublicdialogueandcommunication.

D.TheydiscusstopicsondevelopmentsandthefutureofChinaandtheworld.

3.Whereisthetextprobablyfrom?

A.Anewspaper.B.Atextbook.

C.Awebsite.D.Amagazine.

【答案】1.D2.A3.C

【导语】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了ChinaDaiIy举办了一系列品牌活动,以改善公共外交以及国际交流。

1.细节理解题。文章第•段讲到“Withacombinedprint,onlineandmobilereadershipofmorethan350million,

itservesavitalroleintellingtheworldaboutChina,providingvaluableinsightintotheworld,ssecond-largest

economy」它拥有超过3.5亿的印刷、在线和移动读者,在向世界介绍中国方面发挥着至关重要的作用,为

世界第二大经济体提供了宝贵的见解。)“可知ChinaDaily的主要目的是帮助全球人民更好地了解中国。故

选D。

2.细节理解题。文章ViSiOnChinaLectures部分讲到“AseriesoftalksareorganizedbyChinaDailyinwhich

leadingpoliticalandbusinessfiguresareinvitedtospeakandinteractlivewithdomesticandforeignaudiences.

(ChinaDaily组织了一系列讲座,邀请主要政治和商业人物与国内外观众进行现场演讲和互动)”以及文章

AsiaLeadershipRoundtable部分讲到“TheChinaDailyAsiaLeadershipRoundtableprovidesaplatformfor

high-leveldialogueandcommunicationamongleadersandsocialelitesinthefieldsofpolitics,businessand

academiainAsia.(ChinaDaily亚洲领导人圆桌会议为亚洲政治、商业和学术领域的领导人和社会精英提供了

一个高层对话和交流的平台。)“可知视觉中国讲座和亚洲领导力圆桌会议的共同点是他们包括政治家和商人,

故选Ao

3.推理判断题。文章最后一句讲到“Formoredetails,CliCkhere(有关详细信息,请单击此处)''可知文章可能

来自一个网站,故选C。

(B)

(2023•江苏•统考一模)

Bymymid-20s,Γdfinishedmymasterinpsychology,andIwasworkinginDublinasahealthresearcher.It

wasmostlydataandstatisticsworkstaringatascreen.Iwasearningmorethanmostofmyfriends,livingthecity

life,goingoutatweekends.Ihadagoodpension(养老金)andannualleavebutitcausedalotofanxietyand

worιy.Iwasreallyunhappy.

IwantedtogetbacktofeelingpassionateaboutsomethingsoIstartedthinkingaboutthethingsIusedtolove.

Asachild,I,dalwaysbeeninvolvedintheoutdoors,andIusedtolovehikingbutallthathadstoppedafter

secondaryschool.Idecidedtovolunteerwithalocalyouthgroupandwithinamonth,I,dgonecampingwiththem.

Iabsolutelylovedit.ItWaSIikeSWitChingOnaIightbUlb.ThiswaswhatI,dbeenmissing.

Istartedtakingcoursesinmountainskillsandwildernessfirstaid,andbyAugustIwasworkingmyusualjob

intheweek,andIwasaclimbingclubleaderatweekends.Ilovedconnectingwithnature,connectingwithother

people.

Throughallthis,Ilearntaboutthewholefieldofnature-basedtherapies(疗法).Itwastheperfectfitto

combinemypsychologybackgroundwithmypassionfortheoutdoors.Ibegantakingcoursesinwildtherapy,

forestbathingandecopsychology.1leftmygovernmentjobandinJuly2020IlaunchedmybusinessNature

TherapyIreland,whichisboomingnow.

ΓdthoughtΓdalwaysliveinacitybutlastyear,ImovedtoTipperarytoliveatthefootofamountain,

surroundedbynature,ɪfI,mfeelingstressed,Icanstepoutsideinmybarefeetandstandonthegrasstoground

myself.InDublin,thefrontdoorfeltlikeabarrier-Ihadtohavemykeys,myphone,myjacketbeforeIcould

evengooutandfindagreenspace.Mylifenowisleadingnatureconnectionhikesandforestbathingwalks.My

salaryhashalvedforthemomentbutΓveadjusted.Γveneverlookedback.

4.WhatdidthewriterthinkofherjobinDublin?

A.Stressful.B.Valueless.

C.Insecure.D.Demanding.

5.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentencemeaninparagraph2?

A.Sheenjoyedhervoluntarywork.

B.Sherealizedwhatshereallyloved.

C.Recallingthepastmadeherhappy.

D.Abrightfuturewasinstoreforher.

6.WhatdrovethewritertolaunchherbusinessNatureTherapyIreland?

A.Heradventurousexperience.

B∙Herleadershipandbackground.

C.Herconnectionwithotherpeople.

D.Hermajorandpassionfornature.

7.WhydidthewritercompareherlifeinDublinwiththatinTipperary?

A.Tohighlighthowboringcitylifewas.

B.Tocallonpeopletogetbacktonature.

C.Toshowhersatisfactionwithherchange.

D.Toindicatehowsuccessfulherbusinesswas.

【答案】4.A5.B6.D7.C

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者介绍了辞去政府工作,选择做自己喜欢做的事情,并且作者将自己的心

理学专业与对户外的热情创办了NatureTherapyIreland,虽然薪水减半,但是感觉很放松。

4.推理判断题。根据第一段中的"IhadagoodPenSiOn(养老金)andannualleavebutitcausedalotofanxietyand

worry.IwasreallyUnhaPPy.(我有一个很好的养老金和年假,但它引起了很多焦虑和担忧。我真的很不开心)”

可知,作者虽然工作待遇不错,但是感到焦虑和担心,觉得不开心。由此推知,作者觉得DUblin的工作压

力很大。故选A项。

5.词句猜测题。根据第二段划线句子前的“Idecidedtovolunteerwithalocalyouthgroupandwithinamonth,Γd

gonecampingwiththem.Iabsolutelylovedit.(我决定在当地的一个青年团体做志愿者,不到一个月,我就和

他们一起去露营了。我非常喜欢它)”可知,作者很喜欢与年轻人户外活动,划线句子的下文“Thiswaswhatrd

beenmissing.(这就是我一直错过的)”可知,这是作者错过的,也就是指的匕文中作者喜欢的户外活动,this

指代的内容是划线句子。由此可知,划线句子的意思为“他意识到自己真正喜欢的是什么故选B项。

6.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Itwastheperfectfittocombinemypsychologybackgroundwithmy

passionfortheoutdoors.Ibegantakingcoursesinwildtherapy,forestbathingandecopSyChology.(将我的心理学

背景与我对户外活动的热情相结合是完美的选择。我开始参加野外疗法、森林浴和生态心理学课程广可知,

作者将他的心理学专业和自己对户外运动的热爱结合起来,并创办了NatUreTheraPylreland。故选D项。

7.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的"InDublin,thefrontdoorfeltlikeabarrier—Ihadtohavemykeys,my

phone,myjacketbeforeIcouldevengooutandfindagreenspace.Mylifenowisleadingnatureconnectionhikes

andforestbathingwalks.MysalaryhashalvedforthemomentbutI,veadjusted.Γveneverlookedback.(在都柏

林,前门感觉就像一道屏障——我必须拿到钥匙、手机和夹克,然后才能出去找绿地。我现在的生活是领

导自然联系远足和森林浴散步。我的薪水暂时减半,但我已经调整了。我从未回头)”可知,作者觉得在Dublin

自己的前门就是挡住自己与大自然接触的障碍,而在TiPPe「ary,作者完全与大自然融合,而且永远不会回

头,结合作者自己对大自然的热爱。由此推知,作者对现在生活很满意。故选C项。

(C)

(2023江苏♦高三统考开学考试)

WhilethebenefitsofZoomandothervideoconferencingtoolsmadethemabsolutelyessentialinthepandemic

(疫情),theresearchsuggeststhatheavyrelianceonthetechnologycomesatacosttocreativethinking.

BrucksatColumbiaUniversityandherteamstartedtheirinvestigationwhenmanagersreportedhavingtrouble

innovatingwithremoteworkers.Brucksdoubtedwhethervideoconferencingwasafactor,suspectingthat

difficultiescoordinating(协调)large,globalteamsonlinemightbetoblameinstead.

Tofindout,theresearchersanalysedideasfornewproductsgeneratedby1,490engineersforamultinational

company.Theengineers,whowereinFinland,Hungary,India,IsraelandPortugal,wererandomlypairedupand

givenanhourorsotobrainstormproductseitherinpersonorovervideoconferencing.Theythenselectedtheirbest

idea.

WritinginNature,theresearchersreportthattheengineersproducedmoreideas,andmoreinnovativeideas,

whenworkingfacetoface.ttTheyarenotonlygeneratingalargernumberofcreativeideas,buttheirbestideais

better,“Bruckssaid.Virtualteamswerejustasgoodatselectingthebestideasfromabunchasthosethatmetin

person.

ttVisualfocusisahugecomponentofcognitive(认知)focus.Whenyou,refocusedonthescreenandignoring

therestoftheenvironment,thataffectshowyouapproachthetask,“saidBrucks.ςςIt,suniquelybadforcreativity

becauseit,sinhibitingbroaderexploration.^^

ςς,,

Bruckssaidtheimpactontherealworldcouldbehuge9leadingtoadivisionoflabourbetweenface-to-face

andvirtualmeetingsthatcould"permanentlyreshapetheofficeandworkschedules,∖Butsheurgedbusinessesto

becautious,becauseifvirtualmeetingsarecheaperthanin-personones,theymaystillbemorecost-effective.

Askedfortips,Bruckssaidpeoplecouldsavemorecreativetasksforin-personmeetings,orturnofftheir

camerawhencoiningupwithideas,ςithinkitunlocksmorecreativethinking,,,shesaid.

8.WhydidBrucksconducttheresearch?

A.Toproveherassumption.B.Toclarifyanewconcept.C.Tomakeacomparison.D.To

explainarule.

9.Whatisthefindingoftheresearch?

A.Face-to-facegatheringspromotecross-cultureties.B.Workersthinklesscreativelyinvirtualmeetings.

C.Individualworkgeneratesmoreinnovativeideas.D.Videoconferencinghasanirreplaceablerole.

10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"inhibiting“inparagraph5mean?

A.Encouraging.B.Requiring.C.Beginning.D.Preventing.

11.WhatdoesBruckssayaboutvirtualmeetings?

A.Theyshouldbeusedaccordingly.B.They,llmakeofficeworkersdivided.

C.They,11givewaytoin-personmeetings.D.Theyhelpbusinessesrunmoreefficiently.

【答案】8.A9.B10.D11.A

【导语】本文是篇议论文。文章通过研究者的调查研究,阐述了虽然在疫情期间视频会议起到了至关重要

的作用,但是过度依赖会削弱创造性思维的观点。

8.推理判断题。根据第二段“Brucksdoubtedwhethervideoconferencingwasafactor,suspectingthatdifficulties

coordinating(协调)large,globalteamsonlinemightbetoblameinstead.,,(Brucks怀疑视频会议是否是一个因素,

他怀疑在线协调大型全球团队的困难反而应负主要责任。)和第三段的“Tofindout,theresearchersanalysed

ideasfornewproductsgeneratedby1,490engineersforamultinationalCOmPany."(为『找到答案,研究人员分

析了一家跨国公司1490名工程师提出的新产品创意。)可知,BrUCkS进行研究是为「证明自己的怀疑和假

设。故选A。

9.细节理解题。根据第四段“WritinginNature,theresearchersreportthattheengineersproducedmoreideas,and

moreinnovativeideas,whenworkingfacetoface.’'(研究人员在《自然》杂志上撰文称,当工程师面对面工作

时∙,他们会产生更多的想法,更有创新性的想法。)可知,工程师面对面工作时比虚拟会议中有更多的创

新思维。故选B。

10.词句猜测题。根据第五段“Whenyou,refocusedonthescreenandignoringtherestoftheenvironment,that

affectshowyou叩ProaChthetask,"(当你专注于屏幕而忽略环境的其他部分时,这会影响你完成任务的方式,)

可知,人们在虚拟会议中,注意力都集中在屏幕上,就会对创新思维产生影响,阻止人们进行更广泛的探

索和思考;结合划线词所在句“It'suniquelybadforcreativitybecauseit,sinhibilingbroaderexploration.,,(这对

创造力特别不利,因为它抑制了更广泛的探索。),划线词应该指“阻止、抑制:故选D。

11.细节理解题。根据第六段“Bruckssaidtheimpactontherealworlducouldbehuge,ζleadingtoadivisionof

labourbetweenface-to-faceandvirtualmeetingsthatcould"'permanentlyreshapetheofficeandworkschedules".”

(BrUCkS表示,这对现实世界的影响“可能是巨大的”,导致面对面会议和虚拟会议之间的分工,可能“永久

性地重塑办公室和工作时间表)和"Butsheurgedbusinessestobecautious,becauseifvirtualmeetingsare

cheaperthanin-personones,theymaystillbemoreCOSt-effective."(但她敦促企业保持i革慎,因为如果虚拟会

议比面对面会议便宜,它们可能仍然更具成本效益。)可知,BrUCkS提到了面对面会议和虚拟会议会因为

各自的优缺点而造成相应的分工,人们应该根据各自的需求而使用虚拟会议。故选A。

(D)

(2022江苏无锡•高三统考试卷)

Avoidthesupermarketshelvespiledwithcheese,cupcakesandpies.Thatisthemessageofananalysisthat

foundtheseitemsaretheworstwhenlookingatbothnutritionalandenvironmentalimpactsofthousandsoffood

anddrinkproductssoldintheUKandIreland.Sofar,moststudieshavefocusedontheenvironmentalimpactof

goodssuchasbeeforbeans,ratherthantofuandotherproductsthatshoppersoftenbuy.Whereresearchhas

focusedonsuchproducts,ithasusuallybeenforasmallnumberofthem.

Inabidtobridgethegap,MichealClarkattheUniversityofOxfordandhiscolleaguesanalyzedmorethan

57,000foodanddrinkproductssoldintheUKandIreland.Theteamtooktheingredients(成份)datafromeight

retailers(零售商),includingmajorsupermarketsTescoandSainsbuι*y,s.However,precisefiguresonhowmuchof

eachingredientisineachproductwereonlyavailableforaroundatenthofthem.Toestimatetherest,Clarkandhis

colleaguestrainedanalgorithm(算法)ontheknownproductsandusedittopredictthecompositionofthe

unknownones.Finally,theteamlinkedalltheingredientstoanexistingdatabaseofenvironmentalimpacts,

includingemissions(排放),landuseandwaterstress.

Theresultsmaycomeasnosurprise:meat,fishandcheeseproductshadhighestenvironmentalimpactwhile

fruit,vegetables,breadandsugarydrinkproductshadthelowestburden.Clarkadmitsthatnoneofthisisexciting,

givenwhatWealreadyknewfrompastresearch.ςςWhatisimportantisthatyoucanstartgettingtheseimpact

estimatesforproductsthatpeoplearepurchasing,whichthenhasalotofeffects,,,hesays.

Oneofthoseiseco-lables,whichcanhelpconsumerstomakegreenerchoices.However,retailershave

struggledinthepastwiththechallengeofthelargenumberoffood.Clarkisthinkingabouthowtoeventuallyturn

thedataintoanappthatcouldbeusedeitherbyshoppersorbyretailerswantingtoreducetheirenvironmental

impact.itWe,vemadethatinformationavailableinawaythatmeanspeoplecanstartmakinginformeddecisions,,,

hesays.

12.WhatisthepurposeofClark,sstudy?

A.Tosolvetheenvironmentalproblemswithsomeproducts.

B.Topointoutthemistakesofthepreviousresearch.

C.Tofocusontheimportantingredientsdatafromretailers.

D.Toestimatetheenvironmentalimpactoffrequently-boughtproducts.

13.WhatdoesParagraph2mainlytalkabout?

A.TheprocessofClark,sstudy.B.TheresultofClark,sstudy.

C.ThesignificanceofClark,sstudy.D.ThelimitationofClark,sstudy.

14.WhatcanbeinferredaboutClark,sstudyfromParagraph3?

A.Surprising.B.Worrying.C.Meaningful.D.Doubtful.

15.WhichofthefollowingproductsshouldpeoplebuyaccordingtoClark,sstudy?

A.Nutritiousfoodlikebeefandeggs.B.Greenfoodlikecarrotsandbananas.

C.Healthyfoodlikefishandtofu.D.Freshfoodlikemilkandchicken

【答案】12.D13.A14.C15.B

【导语】本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍的是针对食物对环境的影响的研究。

12.推理判断题。根据第一段的“Sofar,moststudieshavefocusedontheenvironmentalimpactofgoodssuchas

beeforbeans,ratherthantofuandotherproductsthatshoppersoftenbuy.(至∣J目前为止,大多数研究都集中在牛肉

或豆类等商品对环境的影响上.,而不是豆腐和其他消费者经常购买的产品。户和第二段的“Inabidtobridge

thegap,MichealClarkattheUniversityofOxfordandhiscolleaguesanalyzedmorethan57,000foodanddrink

productssoldintheUKandIreIand.(为『弥补这一差距,牛津大学的MichealClark和他的同事分析了在英国

和爱尔兰销售的57000多种食品和饮料。厂可知,克拉克研究的H的是评估经常购买的产品对环境的影响。

故选Do

13.主旨大意题。根据第二段的“Theteamtooktheingredients(成份)datafromeightretailers(零售商),including

majorsupermarketsTescoandSainsbury's.However,precisefiguresonhowmuchofeachingredientisineach

productwereonlyavailableforaroundatenthofthem.Toestimatethe

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