计算机基础英文版.ppt

1、Chapter 1 Introduction and Overview,Zhang Shuang Information Science and technology college,Computing Essentials,Instructor,Master of Science, University of Bradford, Software Engineering Teaching Assistant, Heilongjiang University, College of Information Science and technology Office 1-208,About th

2、is Course,Lecture: 120 minutes per lecture Every lecture week from 1 to 14 2-100 Lab: Lab 3E , No. 1 block Every lecture week from 1 to 14,What we will cover,Fundamentals of Computer Knowledge Components of computer Operating system Internet Office Automation (Office 2003) Word 2003 Excel 2003 Power

3、Point 2003,Grading,Workaday Assignments 70% Basic Knowledge of Computer 25% Microsoft Office 45% Final Exam 30% All deadlines are hard! No exceptions!,Welcome to Computer Anatomy Lab,Course Goals: What is computer and what does it do? What are components of a computer?,Computer Anatomy,Computer Anat

4、omy,Key words Operate Process Storage Port Instruction,Definition of Computer,A computer is an electronic machine, operating under the control of instructions stores in its own memory, which can accept data (input), manipulate the data according to specified rules (processing), produce results (outp

5、ut), and store the results for future use (storage).,The Components of a Computer,The Components of a Computer,Input Output Processing Storage,Input Devices: Translate words, sounds, images, and actions that people understand into symbols that the system unit can process.,Input devices,? How many ki

6、nds of input devices have you used?,信息科学与技术学院 张爽,Input devices,Keyboard : one of the most common ways to input data is by keyboard.,Escape Key: Typically cancel a selection or a procedure.,FUNCTION KEYS,NUMERIC KEYBOARD,Windows Key,Spacebar,Navigation KEYS,Input devices,Mouse: The mouse move the cur

7、sor on the screen.,Left Button Single-click an item to select it; double-click to perform an action,Right Button Single-clicking on an object typically displays a shortcut menu of options.,Input devices,Floppy disk,A floppy disk is used to transfer small amount of data. They are called “floppy” beca

8、use they are used to be large and floppy. Today floppy disk are small and enclosed in an plastic cases. They are about three and half inches and often called 3” floppies, they hold 1.44 MB (mega byte) of data.,Input devices,Removable Disk:,信息科学与技术学院 张爽,Input Devices,信息科学与技术学院 张爽,Some Other Input Dev

9、ices,Touch screen Optical Scanners Bar code reader Digital cameras Microphone,信息科学与技术学院 张爽,The Components of a Computer,Input Output Processing Storage,Output Devices: Translate symbols processed by the system unit into words, sounds images, and actions that people understand,Output Devices,? How ma

10、ny kinds of output devices have you used?,Output Devices,Monitors : The most frequently used output device is the monitor. The window which allowed you to see what is being processed by the computer.,Output Devices,Printer :,Speaker: speaker are optional, but are a great addition to any computer.,Ou

11、tput Devices,Some Other Output Devices,As with input devices, there are many ways to get data out of your computer, here are some other examples: modems, PDA, tape drives, other computers on a network, video tape, and more.,Some Other Output Devices,Some Other Output Devices,Questions:,1, Headphone

12、is the most widely used _ devices. A) audio-input B) audio-output C) personal D) multifunctional,Questions:,2, What are combination input and output devices? Describe four such devices.,The Components of a Computer,Input Output Processing Storage,PROCESSING (SYSTEM UNIT) Contains most of the compute

13、rs electronic components,System Unit,Processing data such as printing a document, or playing a video requires the participation of input , output and storage hardware, plus the components of the system unit . Lets take a look at the system unit and its components.,信息科学与技术学院 张爽,System Unit,Electronic

14、 Data System board Memory Central Processing Unit Ports Bus Lines,Electronic Data,It is because computers cannot recognize information the same way you and me can. The most fundamental statement you can make about electricity is it can be either on or off.,Electronic Data,The binary system, however,

15、 consists of only two digits- 0 and 1. each 0 or 1 is called a bit -short for binary digit. bits are combined into groups of eight bits called bytes. Each byte typically represents one character.,System Board (mother board),System Board (mother board),The system board also known as the motherboard c

16、onnects all the system component and allows input devices and output devices to communicate with the system unit.,Central Processing Unit (CPU),The CPU coordinates all the components The PCI cards, the hard drives and the bus cables are all coordinated by the CPU, the central Processing Unit.,Memory

17、,RAMRandom-access memory (RAM) chips hold the program and data that the CPU is presently processing. ROMRead-only memory (ROM) chips have programs built into them at the factory. CMOS,Ports,A Ports is connecting sockets on the outside of the system. Serial ports : mouse, keyboard, modem Parallel por

18、ts : printer Universal serial bus ports High performance serial bus (FireWire ports) video cameras,Bus Lines,Address bus Control bus Data bus,Bus Lines,The Components of a Computer,Input Output Processing Storage,Storage Devices: Storage holds data, instruction, and information for future use.,Stora

19、ge devices,In this lab, the word “storage” carried the same meaning it does when referring to the way in which a movie is “stored” on a video tape cassette.,Long-term storage devices,Long-term storage devices,The hard drive is usually the primary permanent storage device. Usually, a hard disk stores

20、 much more data than a removable disk, and as well notes, has faster access to the data as well.,No matter how much faster a disk is than a cassette tape, it is still not fast enough for most computer tasks. Consider the difference between a book you reading, and the same story if you memorized it.

21、Your brain can work with the memorized version much faster than you can read the words from the book. If the data stores on a hard disk is represented by the book, then memorizing the story is represented by the RAM (Random Access Memory) in a computer. In fact. it actually called “memory”.,Short-te

22、rm storage devices,Short -term storage devices,Computer memory chips is used for short-term storage devices. A computer operates by reading the data from the disk into its RAM and performing the work entirely “in memory”.,Questions,What makes RAM different from ROM? What are bits and bytes?,Computer,Hardware,Softwar