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灭火器端盖塑料注射模设计【27张CAD图纸和说明书】

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关键词：: 灭火器塑料注射设计 27 cad 图纸以及说明书仿单

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摘要

塑料模具是塑料加工工业中和塑料成型机配套，赋予塑料制品以完整构型和精确尺寸的工具。本课题主要是针对灭火器端盖的注塑模具设计,灭火器端盖具有重量轻、易清洁、耐腐蚀老化、强度高、使用寿命长，制作方便、价格低廉等特点。本次设计主要是根据塑件的外形及塑料的工艺性，确定模具的分型面，浇注系统、选择了注射机、计算了模具成型零件的尺寸，并设计了托板等其他零部件。本设计中采用点浇口注射，利用斜导柱抽芯机构和和斜滑块抽芯机构进行侧向抽芯，推管完成脱模。通过整个设计过程表明该模具能够达到此塑件所要求的加工工艺，运动可靠，结构合理。

关键词：灭火器塑料注射模设计；注射模；点浇口；斜导柱

Fire extinguisher in plastic injection mold design

Abstract

Plastic mold is the plastics industry and plastic molding machine form a complete set, give plastic products to complete configuration and accurate size of tools. The main topic is covered in mold design for the fire extinguisher, the fire extinguisher covered with a light weight, easy to clean, corrosion-resistant aging, high strength, long service life, making easy, low prices and so on. The design is based mainly on plastic parts and plastic form of the process to determine the mold surface, gating system, select the injection machines, molding parts to calculate the size of mold, and the design of the Supporting Plate and other components. This design with some runner injection, using the oblique guide column core-pulling mechanism and and oblique slippery pieces of core-pulling mechanism for lateral core-pulling, push the finish stripping. Through the entire design process that can be achieved in the mold plastic parts required in this process,movement is reliable, the structure is reasonable.

Key words:Fire extinguisher plastic injection mould design;Injection mould;Point gate;Inclined guide pillar

主要符号表

α 角

△ 塑料制件尺寸公差

δ 模具成型零件制造公差

μ 塑料对金属的摩擦系数

摘要 I

Abstract II

主要符号表 III

1 绪论 1

1.1概述 1

1.2塑料模具发展状况 2

1.3本次设计的目的及意义 3

2 塑件材料分析与方案论证 5

2.1塑件的工艺分析 5

2.1.1塑件的材料 5

2.1.2聚丙烯的基本特性 5

2.1.3聚丙烯的成型特点 5

2.1.4 聚丙烯的注射成型工艺参数 5

2.2方案论证 6

2.2.1研究对象 6

2.2.1研究方案 7

3 注射成型机的选择 9

3.1估算塑料体积 9

3.2注塑机的注射容量 9

3.4注塑机选择及其相关参数 9

3.4.1注塑机选择 9

3.4.2 XS-ZY-1000型注塑机的主要参数 9

3.5注塑机的校核 10

3.5.1最大注射量校核 10

3.5.2锁模力校核 10

3.5.3模具厚度校核 10

3.5.4开模行程校核 11

4 浇注系统设计 12

4.1浇注系统的功能 12

4.1.1浇注系统的组成 12

4.1.2浇注系统设计原则 12

4.1.3浇注系统布置 13

4.2流道系统设计 14

4.2.1主流道设计 14

4.2.2冷料井设计 15

4.2.3分流道设计 15

4.2.4浇口设计 16

5 侧向分型与抽芯机构设计 18

5.1侧向分型与抽芯机构的分类 18

5.2斜滑块侧向分型与抽芯机构 18

5.2.1斜滑块侧向分型与抽芯机构设计要点 18

5.2.2斜滑块侧向分型与抽芯机构的工作原理 19

5.2.3斜滑块推出高度的计算 19

5.3斜导柱侧向分型与抽芯机构 19

5.3.1斜导柱侧向分型与抽芯机构设计要点 19

5.3.2斜导柱侧向分型与抽芯机构工作原理 20

5.3.3斜导柱侧向分型与抽芯机构相关参数计算 20

5.3.4斜导柱侧向分型与抽芯机构的结构设计 21

6 顶出机构的设计 23

6.1顶出机构的驱动方式 23

6.2 顶出机构的设计原则 23

6.3简单脱模机构 24

6.3.1顶管脱模机构的设计要点 24

6.3.2推管的形状 24

6.3.3复位装置 25

7 成型零件设计 26

7.1分型面的设计 26

7.2成型零件应具备的性能 27

7.3影响塑料制件尺寸精度的因素 27

7.4成型零件工作尺寸的计算 28

7.4.1型腔径向尺寸 28

7.4.2型腔深度尺寸 28

7.4.3型芯径向尺寸 29

7.4.4型芯高度尺寸 29

8 注塑模具的保养 30

9结论 31

参考文献 32

致谢 34

毕业设计（论文）知识产权声明 35

毕业设计（论文）独创性声明 36

1 绪论

1.1概述

模具，是工业生产的基础工艺装备，在电子、汽车、电机、电器、仪表、家电和通讯等产品中，60%-80%的零部件都依靠模具成形，模具质量的高低决定着产品质量的高低，因此，模具被称之为“百业之母”。模具又是“效益放大器”，用模具生产的最终产品的价值，往往是模具自身价值的几十倍甚至上百倍。模具生产的工艺水平及科技含量的高低，已成为衡量一个国家科技与产品制造水平的重要标志，它在很大程度上决定着产品的质量、效益、新产品的开发能力，决定着一个国家制造业的国际竞争力[1]。

塑料工业是现代新兴工业之一，它包括塑料原料（树脂和助剂）生产和塑料制品成型加工两大部分。由于塑料制品具有比重小、化学稳定性好、电绝缘性能高、比强度大等优异性能，所以在机械、仪表、无线电、电信、日用品、国防、和尖端科学技术等方面应用甚广。

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灭火器装配图.jpg

零件图[26张].jpg

字数统计.jpg

内容简介：: I nt e grate d s i mu l ati on of t he i nj e c t i on mold i ng pr oce s swi t h s t e r e oli t hography moldsAb s t r act F u nct i onal par t s a r e nee ded f or des i gn v e r i fi c a t i on t e s t i ng, fi e l d t r i a l s ,c ust om e r e val uat i on, a nd product i o n pla n ning. B y e l i m i na t i ng m ult i ple s t e ps , t hec r e a t i on o f t he i nje c t i on m old dir e c t l y by a r a pid prototyping ( R P ) proce s s holds t hebes t prom i s e of r e duci ng t he t i m e a nd c ost n e e ded t o m old l ow- v olum e qua nt i t i e s ofpar t s . T he pote nti a l of t his i nte gr a t i o n of i nje c t i on m olding w i t h R P h a s bee ndem onst r a t e d m a ny t i m e s . What i s m i s s i ng i s t he f undam e nt a l under s t a nding of h owt he m odi fi c a t i o ns t o t he m old m a t e r i a l a nd R P m a nufa c t uri ng proce s s i m pac t both t hem old des i gn a n d t he i nje c t i on m old i ng proce s s . I n a ddit i on, n um e r i c a l s i m ula t i o nt e c hniq ues h a ve nowbec om e hel pful t ools of m old des i gner s a nd proce s s e ngi ne e r sf or t r a dit i o nal i nje c t i on m olding. B ut a l l c u r r e nt s i m ula t i on pac kag e s f or c onventi o nali nje c t i on m olding a r e no l onger a p p l i c a ble t o t his new t ype o f i nje c t i on m olds ,m a i nly bec a use t he proper t y o f t he m old m a t e r i a l c h a nges gre a t l y. I n t his paper , a ni nte gr a t e d a pproac h t o a c c om pli s h a n um e r i c a l s i m ula t i on of i n j e c t i on m olding i ntor a pid- protot yped m olds i s e s t a bli s hed a nd a c orr e s ponding s i m ula t i on s yst e m i sdevel oped. C om par i s ons w i t h e x per i m e nta l r e s ult s a r e e m ployed f or v e r i fi c a t i o n,w hic h s h ow t hat t he pre s e nt s c hem e i s w e l l s u i t e d t o handle R P f a bri c a t e ds t e r e oli t hogra phy ( S L ) m olds .K e yword sK K K I n j e c t i on m olding N u m e r i c a l s i m ula t i on R a pid protot yping1 I n t r odu c t i onI n i nje c t i on m old i ng, t he polym e r m e l t a t high t e m pe r a t ur e i s i nje c t e d i nto t hem old u nder high pre s s ur e 1. T hus, t he m old m a t e r i a l n e e ds t o have t h e r m a l a ndm e c hanic a l proper t i e s c a pa b l e o f w i t hst a nding t he t e m pe r a t ur e s a nd pre s s ur e s oft he m old i ng c y c l e . T he f ocus of m a ny s t udie s has bee n t o c r e a t e t hei nje c t i on m old dir e c t l y by a r a pid protot yping ( R P ) proce s s . B y e l i m i na t i ngm ult i ple s t e ps, t h i s m e t hod of t ooli ng h old s t he bes t prom i s e of r e duci ng t he t i m e a ndc ost nee ded t o c r e a t e l ow- v olum e quanti t i e s of par t s i n a product i o n m a t e r i a l . T hepote nti a l of i nte gr a t i ng i nje c t i on m olding w i t h R P t e c hnologie s ha s bee ndem onst r a t e d m a ny t i m e s . T he proper t i e s of R P m olds a r e v e r y dif f e r e nt f r om t hoseof t r a dit i o nal m e t a l m olds . T he key dif f e r e nce s a r e t he proper t i e s of t her m a lc onduct i vit y a n d e l a s t i c m od ulus ( r i gid i t y). F or e xam ple , t he polym e r s u s e d i nR P - f a bri c a t e d s t e r e oli t hogra phy ( S L ) m olds h a ve a t her m a l c onduct i vit y t hat i s l e s st han one t housa ndth t hat of a n a l um i num t ool. I n usi ng R P t e c hnolo gie s t o c r e a t em olds , t he e nti r e m old des i gn a n d i nje c t i on-m old i ng proce s s par a m e t e r s nee d t o bem odi fi e d a nd opti m i z e d f r om t r a dit i o nal m e t hodolo gie s due t o t he c om ple t e l ydif f e r e nt t ool m a t e r i a l . H owe ver , t her e i s s t i l l no t a f undam e n t a l under s t a nding ofhowt he m odi fi c a t i ons t o t he m old t ooli ng m e t hod a nd m a t e r i a l i m pac t both t he m olddes i gn a nd t he i nje c t i on m olding proce s s par a m e t e r s . O n e c a nnotobta i n r e a s onabler e s ult s b y s i m ply c hanging a f e w m a t e r i a l proper t i e s i n c urr e nt m odel s . A l s o, u s i ngt r a dit i o nal a pproac hes w hen m a king a c t ual par t s m a y be g e ner a t i ng s ub-opti m a lr e s ult s . S o t her e i s a dir e n e e d t o s t udy t he i nte r a c t i o n bet w e e n t he r a pid t ooli ng ( R T )pro c e s s a nd m a t e r i a l a n d i nje c t i on m olding, s o a s t o e s t a bli s h t he m old des i gnc r i t e r i a a nd t e c hniq ues f or a n R T - ori e nte d i nje c t i on m olding proce s s .I n a ddit i on, c om pute r s i m ula t i on i s a n e f f e c t i ve a pproac h f or pre dic t i ng t hequal i t y of m olded par t s . C om m e r c i a l l y a vai l a ble s i m ula t i on pac kages of t het r a dit i o nal i nje c t i on m olding proce s s have n ow bec om e r outi ne t ools o f t he m olddes i gner a nd pro c e s s e n gine e r 2. U nfor t unat e l y , c urr e nt s i m ula t i o n progra m s f orc onventi o nal i nje c t i on m olding a r e no l onger a ppli c a ble t o R P m olds , bec a use of t hedra m a t i c a l l y dis s i m i l a r t ool m a t e r i a l . F or i nst a nce , i n usi ng t h e e xis t i ng s i m ula t i ons oft w a r e w i t h a l u m i num a n d S L m olds a n d c om par i ng w i t h e xper i m e nta l r e s ult s ,t hought he s i m ula t i on val ues of par t dis t ort i o n a r e r e a s onable f or t he a l um i num m old,r e s ult s a r e u nac c e pta ble , w i t h t he e r r or e xce e ding 50%. T he dis t ort i o n dur i ngi nje c t i on m old i ng i s due t o s hri nk a ge a nd w a r page of t he pla s t i c par t , a s w e l l a s t hem old. F or ordinar i l y m olds , t he m a i n f a c t or i s t he s h r i nkage a n d w a r pa ge of t hepla s t i c par t , w hic h i s m odel e d a c c ura t e l y i n c ur r e nt s i m ula t i ons. B ut f or R P m old s ,t he dis t or t i o n of t he m old h a s pote nti a l l y m ore i n fl uence , w hic h have bee n negle c t e di n c urr e nt m odel s . F or i nst a nce , 3 use d a s i m p l e t hre e - s t e p s i m ula t i on proce s s t oc onsi der t he m old dis t or t i on, w hic h had t oo m uch devia t i on.I n t his paper , bas e d on t h e a bove a nal ysi s , a new s i m ula t i o n s yst e m f or R Pm olds i s dev e l oped. T he propose d s y s t e m f ocus e s on pre dic t i ng par t dis t ort i o n, w hic hi s domi nat i ng def e c t i n R P - m olded par t s . T he dev e l oped s i m ula t i on c a n be a ppli e d a sa n e v a l ua t i o n t ool f or R P m old des i gn a n d proce s s opti m i z a t i on. O u r s i m ula t i o ns yst e m i s ver i fi e d b y a n e xper i m e nta l e x a m p l e .A l t hough m a ny m a t e r i a l s a r e a vai l a ble f or use i n R P t e c h no l ogie s , w ec once ntr a t e o n u s i ng s t e r e oli t ho gra phy ( S L ) , t he ori gina l R P t e c hnology, t o c r e a t epolym e r m olds. T he S L pro c e s s use s photopolym e r a n d l a s e r e ner gy t o buil d a par tl a yer b y l a yer . U s i ng S L t a kes a dvanta ge of both t he c om m e r c i a l domi na nce o f S Li n t he R P i ndust r y a nd t he s ubse quent e xper t i s e bas e t hat has bee n dev e l oped f orc r e a t i ng a c c ura t e , high-qua l i t y par t s . U n t i l r e c e nt l y, S L w a s pri m a r i l y u s e d t o c r e a t ephysi c a l m odel s f or vis ual i nspec t i on a nd f or m - fi t s t udie s w i t h ver y l i m i t e df unc t i o nal a ppli c a t i o ns. H owe ver , t he new e r gener a t i on s t e r e oli t ho gr a phicphotopolym e r s h a ve i m pr oved dim e ns i onal , m e c hanic a l a nd t her m a l proper t i e sm a king i t poss i ble t o u s e t hem f or a c t ual f unct i o nal m olds.2 I n t e grate d s i mu l ati on of t he mold i n g p r oce s s2 . 1 Me t h o d o l o g yI n order t o s i m ula t e t he use of a n S L m old i n t he i nje c t i on m olding proce s s , a ni t e r a t i ve m e t hod i s propose d. D i f f e r e nt s oft w a r e m odule s h a ve bee n dev e l oped a nduse d t o a c c om pli s h t his t a s k. T he m a i n a s s um pt i on i s t hat t e m pe r a t ur e a n d l oadbound a r y c ondit i o ns c a u s e s i gnifi c a nt dis t ort i o ns i n t he S L m old . T he s i m ula t i o ns t e ps a r e a s f oll o w s :1 T he par t g e om e t r y i s m odel e d a s a s oli d m odel , w hic h i s t r a ns l a t e d t o a fi l er e a dable by t he fl ow a nal ysi s pac kag e .2 S i m ula t e t he m old- fi l l i n g proce s s of t he m e l t i nto a pho t opolym e r m old,w hic h w i l l out put t he r e s ult i ng t e m pe r a t ur e a n d pre s s ur e pro fi l e s .3 S t r uct ura l a nal ysi s i s t hen per f orm e d on t he photopolym e r m old m odelusi ng t he t her m a l a nd l oad boundar y c ondit i o ns obta i ned f r om t he pre v i o us s t e p,w hic h c a l c ula t e s t he dis t or t i o n t hat t he m old under go dur i ng t he i nje c t i on proce s s .4 I f t h e dis t ort i o n of t he m old c onver ges , m ove t o t he next s t e p. O t h e r w i s e ,t he dis t or t e d m old c a vit y i s t hen m odel e d ( c hanges i n t he dim e ns i ons of t he c a vit ya f t e r dis t ort i o n), a nd r e t ur ns t o t he s e c ond s t e p t o s i m ula t e t he m e l t i nje c t i on i nto t hedis t ort e d m old.5 T he s hri nk a ge a n d w a r pa ge s i m ula t i on of t he i nje c t i on m olded par t i s t hena ppli e d, w hic h c a l c ula t e s t he fi na l dis t or t i o ns of t he m olded par t .I n a boves i m ula t i on fl ow, t h e r e a r e t hre e bas i c s i m ula t i o n m od ule s .2 . 2 F i l l i n g s i m u l a t i o n o f t h e m e l t2 . 2 . 1 Ma t h e m a t i c a l m o d e l i n gI n order t o s i m ula t e t he use of a n S L m old i n t he i nje c t i on m olding proce s s , a ni t e r a t i ve m e t hod i s propose d. D i f f e r e nt s oft w a r e m odule s h a ve bee n devel oped a nduse d t o a c c om pli s h t his t a s k. T he m a i n a s s um pt i on i s t hat t e m pe r a t ur e a n d l oadboundar y c ondit i ons c a use s i gnif i c a nt dis t or t i o ns i n t he S L m old. T he s i m ula t i o n s t e psa r e a s f oll o w s :1. T he par t geom e t r y i s m odel e d a s a s oli d m odel , w hic h i s t r a ns l a t e d t o a f i l er e a dable by t he f l o w a nal ysi s pac kag e .2. S i m ula t e t he m old- f i l l i ng proce s s of t he m e l t i nto a photopolym e r m old, w hic hw i l l out put t he r e s ult i ng t e m pe r a t ur e a n d pre s s ur e profi l e s .3. S t r uct ura l a n a l ysi s i s t hen per f orm e d o n t he phot opolym e r m old m odel u s i ngt he t her m a l a n d l oad boundar y c ondit i ons obta i ne d f r om t he pre vious s t e p, w hic hc a l c ula t e s t he dis t or t i on t hat t he m old under go dur i ng t h e i nje c t i on proce s s .4. I f t he dis t ort i o n of t he m old c onve r ges , m ove t o t he n e xt s t e p. O t her w i s e , t hedis t ort e d m old c a vit y i s t h e n m odel e d ( c hanges i n t he dim e ns i ons of t he c a v i t y a f t e rdis t ort i o n), a nd r e t ur ns t o t he s e c ond s t e p t o s i m ula t e t he m e l t i nje c t i on i nto t hedis t ort e d m old.5. T he s hri nk a ge a nd w a r page s i m ula t i on o f t he i nje c t i on m olded par t i s t hena ppli e d, w hic h c a l c ula t e s t he f i nal dis t ort i o ns o f t he m old e d par t .I n a boves i m ula t i on f l ow, t her e a r e t hre e bas i c s i m ula t i o n m odule s .2 . 2 F i l l i n g s i m u l a t i o n o f t h e m e l t2 . 2 . 1 Ma t h e m a t i c a l m o d e l i n gC om pute r s i m ula t i on t e c hniques h a ve had s ucc e s s i n pre dic t i ng f i l l i n g behaviori n e x t r e m e l y c om pli c a t e d g e om e t r i e s . H owe ver , m ost of t he c urr e nt n um e r i c a li m ple m e nt a t i o n i s bas e d o n a hybri d f i nit e - e l e m e nt/ f i nit e - dif f e r e nc e s olut i on w i t h t hem i ddle pla ne m odel . T he a ppli c a t i o n proce s s o f s i m ula t i on pac kages bas e d o n t hism odel i s i l l us t r a t e d i n F i g. 2-1 . H owe ver , u nli k e t he s urf a c e / s oli d m odel i nm old- des i gn C A D s yst e m s , t he s o- c a l l e d m i ddle - pla ne ( a s s h own i n F i g. 2- 1 b) i s a ni m a gina r y a r bit r a r y pla nar geom e t r y a t t he m i ddle of t he c a vit y i n t he g a p- w i s edir e c t i on, w hic h s hould bri ng a boutgre a t i nconvenie nce i n a ppli c a t i ons. F or e xam ple ,s urf a c e m odel s a r e c om m only u s e d i n c urr e nt R P s yst e m s ( gener a l l y S T L f i l e f orm a t ) ,s o s e c ondar y m odel i ng i s u navoid a ble w hen u s i ng s i m ula t i on pac kages bec a use t hem odel s i n t he R P a nd s i m ula t i on s yst e m s a r e dif f e r e nt . C ons i d e r i ng t hes e def e c t s , t hes urf a c e m odel of t he c a v i t y i s i ntr oduce d a s dat um pla nes i n t he s i m ula t i o n, i nst e a d oft he m i d dle - pla ne.A c c or ding t o t he pre vious i nves t i gat i ons 4 6, f i l l i nggover ning e qua t i ons f or t hef l ow a nd t e m pe r a t ur e f i e l d c a n be w r i t t e n a s :w her e x , y a r e t he pla nar c oordinat e s i n t he m i ddle - pla ne, a n d z i s t he g a p- w i s ec oordinat e ; u , v ,w a r e t he v e l o c i t y c om ponent s i n t he x , y , z dir e c t i ons; u , v a r e t hea ver a ge w hole - gap t hic knes s e s ; a n d , , CP ( T ) , K( T ) r e pre s e nt vis c os i t y, densi t y,s pec i f i c h e a t a nd t her m a l c onduct i vit y of polym e r m e l t , r e s pec t i vel y.Fi g.2-1 a d. S c hem a t i c pr oce dure of t he s i m ul a t i on w i t h m i ddle - pl a ne m odel . a T he 3- D s urf a c em odel b T he m i ddle - pl a ne m odel c T he m e s hed m i ddle - pl a ne m odel d T he dis pl a y of t hes i m ul a t i on r e s ultI n a ddit i o n, boundar y c ondit i o ns i n t he g a p- w i s e dir e c t i on c a n be def i ned a s :w her e T W i s t he c onst a nt w a l l t e m pe r a t ur e ( s hown i n F i g. 2a) .C om bining E qs . 1 4 w i t h E qs. 5 6, i t f oll o w s t hat t h e dis t r i buti ons of t h e u , v , T ,P a t z c oordinat e s s hould be s ym m e t r i c a l , w i t h t he m i r r or a xis bei ng z = 0, a ndc onse quentl y t he u , v a ver a ged i n hal f - gap t hic knes s i s e qual t o t hat a v e r a ged i nw hole gap t hic knes s . B a s e d o n t his c har a c t e r i s t i c , w e c a n divide t he w hole c a v i t y i ntot w o e qual par t s i n t he g a p- w i s e dir e c t i on, a s des c r i b e d by P art I a n d P art I I i n F i g. 2b.A t t he s a m e t i m e , t r i a ngula r f i nit e e l e m e nt s a r e gener a t e d i n t he s urf a c e ( s ) of t hec a vit y ( a t z = 0 i n F i g. 2b), i nst e a d o f t he m i ddle - pla ne ( a t z = 0 i n F i g. 2a) .A c c or dingly, f i nit e - dif f e r e nce i ncr e m e nts i n t he gapwi s e dir e c t i on a r e e m ployed onlyi n t he i nsi de of t he s urf a c e ( s ) ( w a l l t o m i ddle / c e nte r - l i ne ) , w hic h, i n F i g. 2b, m e a nsf r om z = 0 t o z = b . T his i s s i ngle - s i ded i ns t e a d of t w o- s i ded w i t h r e s pec t t o t hem i ddle - pla ne ( i .e . f r om t he m i ddle - l i ne t o t w o w a l l s ) . I n a ddit i o n, t he c oordinat es yst e m i s c h a nged f r om F i g. 2a t o F i g . 2b t o a l t e r t he f i nit e - e l e m e nt/ f i nit e - dif f e r e nces c hem e , a s s hown i n F i g. 2b. Wi t h t he a bovea djust m e nt , gover ning e qua t i ons a r e s t i l lE qs . 1 4. H owe ver , t he ori gina l boundar y c ondit i o ns i n t he gapwi s e dir e c t i on a r er e w r i t t e n a s :Me a nwhil e , a ddit i o nal boundar y c ondit i o ns m ust be e m ployed a t z = b i n ordert o kee p t he f l ows a t t he j unct ur e of t h e t w o par t s a t t he s a m e s e c t i o n c oordinat e 7:w her e s u bsc r i pt s I , I I r e pre s e nt t he par a m e t e r s o f P art I a nd P art I I , r e s pec t i ve l y,a nd C m - I a n d C m - I I i ndic a t e t h e m oving f r e e m e l t - f r onts of t he s u r f a c e s of t hedivided t w o par t s i n t h e f i l l i ng s t a ge.I t s h ould be note d t hat , u nli k e c ondit i o ns E qs . 7 a nd 8, e nsuri ng c ondit i o ns E qs .9 a nd 10 a r e uphel d i n nume r i c a l i m p l e m e nta t i ons bec om e s m ore dif f i c ult due t o t hef oll o w i ng r e a s ons:1. T he s urf a c e s a t t he s a m e s e c t i o n h a ve bee n m e s hed r e s pec t i vel y, w hic h l e a dst o a dis t i nct i ve pat t e r n of f i nit e e l e m e nts a t t he s a m e s e c t i o n. T hus, a n i nte r pola t i onoper a t i o n s hould be e m ployed f or u , v , T , P duri ng t he c om par i s on bet w e e n t he t w opar t s a t t he j unct ur e .2. B e c a us e t he t w o par t s h a ve r e s pec t i ve f l o w f i e l d s w i t h r e s pec t t o t he n odes a tpoint A a nd point C ( a s s hown i n F i g. 2b) a t t he s a m e s e c t i o n, i t i s poss i ble t o havee i t he r both f i l l e d or one f i l l e d ( a nd one e m pty) . T hes e t w o c a s e s s hould be h a ndle ds e par a t e l y, a ver a ging t he oper a t i o n f or t he f or m e r , w her e a s a s s i gning oper a t i o n f or t hel a t t e r .3. I t f oll o w s t hat a s m a l l dif f e r e nce bet w e e n t he m e l t - f r onts i s per m i s s i ble . T hata l l owa nce c a n be i m ple m e nt e d b y t i m e a l l owa nce c ontr ol or pre f e r a ble l oca t i ona l l owa nce c ont r ol of t he m e l t - f r ont n odes .4. T he boundar i e s of t he f l ow f i e l d e xpand b y e a c h m e l t - f r ont a dvance m e nt , s o i ti s n e c e s s a r y t o c hec k t he c ondit i o n E q. 10 a f t e r e a c h c hange i n t he m e l t - f r ont.5. I n v i e w of a bove- m e nti oned a n a l ys i s , t he physi c a l par a m e t e r s a t t he n odes oft he s a m e s e c t

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