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买文档就送您 CAD 图纸和三维图纸全套，Q 号交流 197216396 或 11970985I工件步进输送机设计摘要工件步进输送机用于间歇地输送工件，到达预定位置。传统输送机通过电动机采用普通减速器多级变速实现，传动装置结构尺寸大。为了使装置结构紧凑，传动效率高，本文完成了采用行星减速器为传动系的步进输送机的设计与研究。本文对工件步进输送机的研究要点如下：（1） 介绍了现有工件输送机的类型、发展趋势和研究本课题的目的、意义，分析了输送机国内外的研究现状。（2） 在完成对工作机构的设计、确定电动机的类型的情况下，建立了两种传动系减速方案，通过方案对比，择优选择出采用行星齿轮减速器的步进输送机传动方案，并对此方案的可行性进行了分析。（3） 进行了工件步进输送机的总体结构设计，重点设计了行星齿轮减速器总体及部分零件的结构，并详细绘制了关键零件的工作图。（4） 同时运用计算机辅助软件对工作机构及传动系进行运动仿真分析，为进一步改进传动结构提供理论依据。关键词：工件步进输送机 电动机 行星齿轮减速器 设计 仿真买文档就送您 CAD 图纸和三维图纸全套，Q 号交流 197216396 或 11970985IIWorkpiece stepping conveyor designAbstractWorkpiece stepping conveyor used intermittently transportation workpiece, arrived at the scheduled position. Traditional conveyor by using common reducer multistage variable speed motors, transmission device structure size realization. In order to achieve high transmission efficiency, we completed a planetary reducer for transmission by the workpiece stepping conveyor design and research.This article on the stepping conveyor research points as follows:(1) Introduces existing workpiece, the types of belt conveyor development trend, and study of this subject, analyzes the purpose and significance of the research situation at home and abroad.(2) After finishing the design of working mechanism and determine the type of situation motor, set up two kinds of transmission deceleration scheme, through the scheme contrast, technical selected the planet gear reducer stepping conveyor transmission scheme, and the feasibility of this plan are analyzed.(3) Underwent workpiece stepping conveyor the overall structure design, focusing on the planet gear reducer design of the structure of overall and parts, and detailed the key parts mapped the working drawing.(4) At the same time using computer-aided software to work institutions and drivetrain motion simulation analysis, for further improved transmission structure provides theory basis.Keywords: workpiece stepping conveyor; motor ;planetary gear reducer ;design; simulation买文档就送您 CAD 图纸和三维图纸全套，Q 号交流 197216396 或 11970985III目录1. 绪论 .11.1 引言 .11.1.1 输送机的类型及特性介绍 .11.1.2 工件步进输送机的工作原理 .21.1.3 输送机的发展趋势 .31.2 研究的目的和意义 .31.3 国内外研究现状 .41.4 主要研究内容 .41.4.1 课题任务 .41.4.2 课题所要完成的主要工作 .52. 步进输送机方案设计 .62.1 工作机构的设计与分析 .62.1.1 工作机构型式的选择 .62.1.2 设计机构的具体尺寸 .62.1.3 机构的速度分析 .82.2 选择电动机 .92.2.1 选择电动机的类型 .92.2.2 选择电动机的容量 .92.3 传动方案的对比分析及优选 .102.3.1 选择传动形式 .102.3.2 两种传动方案对比分析及优选 .103. 行星齿轮减速器性能参数设计 .123.1 行星传动的齿数分配 .123.2 闭式圆柱齿轮传动的设计计算 .123.2.1 高速级计算 .123.2.2 几何尺寸计算 .133.2.3 验算齿根弯曲强度（a-c 轮） .143.2.4 齿轮的圆周速度 .14买文档就送您 CAD 图纸和三维图纸全套，Q 号交流 197216396 或 11970985IV3.3 轴的结构尺寸设计及校核 .143.3.1 高速轴设计 .143.3.2 行星轮轴结构设计 .173.3.3 低速轴结构设计 .183.4 滚动轴承的选择与校核 .183.4.1 确定轴承型号 .183.4.2 根据寿命校核 .183.5 减速器其他主要零部件结构设计 .183.5.1 内齿圈浮动 .183.5.2 行星架结构 .184. 工件步进输送机总体设计 .205. 减速器传动零件的三维设计及运动仿真 .215.1 减速器传动零件实体造型 .215.1.1 高速轴实体设计（图 5.1.1） .215.1.2 行星轮实体设计（图 5.1.2） .215.1.3 行星架实体设计（图 5.1.3） .215.1.4 内齿轮 b 实体设计（图 5.1.4） .215.1.5 内齿轮 e 实体设计（图 5.1.5） .225.1.6 齿轮联轴器实体设计(图 5.1.6) .225.1.7 低速轴实体设计（图 5.1.7） .225.2 传动零件、四杆机构装配 .225.3 运动仿真及分析 .235.3.1 设置运动环境 .235.3.2 进行运动仿真 .255.3.3 获取分析结果 .255.3.4 分析运动仿真结果，验证输入/输出值与计算值是否吻合 .27结语 .29参考文献 .30致谢 .31买文档就送您 CAD 图纸和三维图纸全套，Q 号交流 197216396 或 119709851买文档就送您 CAD 图纸和三维图纸全套，Q 号交流 197216396 或 119709852买文档就送您 CAD 图纸和三维图纸全套，Q 号交流 197216396 或 1197098531.绪论1.1 引言随着科学技术的进步，我国传送装置制造行业有了长足的进步。传送装置的成套性，自动化程度，定位精度和整体质量都明显提高，其应用范围正逐步扩大。输送机是在一定线路上连续输送物料的物料搬运机械，又称连续输送机。它可进行水平、倾斜和垂直输送，也可组成空间输送线路，输送线路一般是固定的。输送机输送能力达，运距长，还可在输送过程中同时完成若干工艺操作，所以应用十分广泛。工件步进输送机用于间歇地输送工件，到达预定位置。工件步进输送机一般来说应具有电动机、联轴器、减速器、工作机构、滑架、推爪、辊道和机架等部分，其中减速器是工件步进输送机最关键的传动装置之一。它在传送工件的过程中不仅担负着减速及增加转矩的功能，同时也降低了负载的惯量，是步进式输送机的核心部件之一。1.1.1 输送机的类型及特性介绍一 输送机一般按有无牵引件来进行分类：（1）具有牵引件的输送机一般包括牵引件、承载构件、驱动装置、张紧装置、改向装置和支承件等。牵引件用以传递牵引力，可采用输送带、牵引链或钢丝绳； 承载构件用以承放物料，有料斗、托架或吊具等；驱动装置给输送机以动力，一般由电动机、减速器和制动器(停止器)等组成；张紧装置一般有螺杆式和重锤式两种，可使牵引件保持一定的张力和垂度，以保证输送机正常运转；支承件用以承托牵引件或承载构件，可采用托辊、滚轮等。具有牵引件的输送机的结构特点是：被运送物料装在与牵引件连结在一起的承载构件内，或直接装在牵引件(如输送带)上，牵引件绕过各滚筒或链轮首尾相连，形成包括运送物料的有载分支和不运送物料的无载分支的闭合环路，利用牵引件的连续运动输送物料。这类的输送机种类繁多，主要有带式输送机、板式输送机、小车式输送机、 自动扶梯、自动人行道、刮板输送机、埋刮板输送机、斗式输送机、悬挂输送机和架空索道等。 （2）没有牵引件的输送机的结构组成各不相同， 用来输送物料的工作构件亦不相同。它们的结构特点是：利用工作构件的旋转运动或往复运动，或利用介质在管 买文档就送您 CAD 图纸和三维图纸全套，Q 号交流 197216396 或 119709854道中的流动使物料向前输送。例如，辊子输送机的工作构件为一系列辊子，辊子 作旋转运动以输送物料；螺旋输送机的工作构件为螺旋，螺旋在料槽中作旋转运 动以沿料槽推送物料；振动输送机的工作构件为料槽，料槽作往复运动以输送置 于其中的物料等。二输送机械按使用的用途分可以分为:（1）带式输送机由驱动装置拉紧装置输送带中部构架和托辊组成输送带作为牵引和承载构件，借以连续输送散碎物料或成件品。带式输送机是一种摩擦驱动以连续方式运输物料的机械。应用它，可以将物料在一定的输送线上，从最初的供料点到最终的卸料点间形成一种物料的输送流程。它既可以进行碎散物料的输送，也可以进行成件物品的输送。除进行纯粹的物料输送外，还可以与各工业企业生产流程中的工艺过程的要求相配合，形成有 节奏的流水作业运输线。所以带式输送机广泛应用于现代化的各种工业企业中。 在矿山的井下巷道、矿井地面运输系统、露天采矿场及选矿厂中，广泛应用带式输送机。它用于水平运输或倾斜运输。 （2）螺旋输送机俗称绞龙，适用于颗粒或粉状物料的水平输送，倾斜输送，垂直输送等形式。输送距离根据畸形不同而不同，一般从 2 米到 70 米 1。 输送原理：旋转的螺旋叶片将物料推移而进行螺旋输送机输送。使物料不与 螺旋输送机叶片一起旋转的力是物料自身重量和螺旋输送机机壳对物料的摩擦阻力。结构特点：螺旋输送机旋转轴上焊有螺旋叶片，叶片的面型根据输送物料的不同有实体面型、带式面型、叶片面型等型式。螺旋输送机的螺旋轴在物料运动 方向的终端有止推轴承以随物料给螺旋的轴向反力，在机长较长时，应加中间吊挂轴承。双螺旋输送机就是有两根分别焊有旋转叶片的旋转轴的螺旋输送机。说白了，就是把两个螺旋输送机有机的结合在一起，组成一台螺旋输送机。 螺旋输送机旋转轴的旋向，决定了物料的输送方向，但一般螺旋输送机在设计时都是按照单项输送来设计旋转叶片的。当反向输送时，会大大降低输送机的 使用寿命。 （3）斗式提升机 利用均匀固接于无端牵引构件上的一系列料斗，竖向提升物料的连续输送机械。斗式提升机具有输送量大，提升高度高，运行平稳可靠，寿命长显著优点，本提升机适于输送粉状，粒状及小块状的无磨琢性及磨琢性小的物料，如：煤、 水泥、石块、砂、粘土、矿石等，由于提升机的牵引机构是环行链条，因此允许输送温度较高的材料(物料温度不超过 250)。一般输送高度最高可达 40 米。1.1.2 工件步进输送机的工作原理步进式工件输送机用于间歇的传送工件，如图 1.1 所示，电动机通过传动装置、买文档就送您 CAD 图纸和三维图纸全套，Q 号交流 197216396 或 119709855工作机构驱动滑架往复移动。工作行程时，滑架上的推爪推动工件前移一个步长，当滑架返回时，由于推爪与轴间装有扭簧，因此推爪从工件底面滑过，工件保持不动。当滑架再次向前推进是，推爪已复位，并推动新的工件前移，前方推爪也推动前一工位的工件前移。图 1.1 工件步进输送机传统输送机通过电动机采用普通减速器多级变速实现，传动装置结构尺寸大。由此可设想设计一套采用行星减速器为传动系的工件步进输送机。1.1.3 输送机的发展趋势（1） 继续向大型化发展。大型化包括大输送能力、大单机长度和大输送倾角等几个方面。水力输送装置的长度已达 440 公里以上。带式输送机的单机长度已近 15公里，并已出现由若干台组成联系甲乙两地的“带式输送道“ 。不少国家正在探索长距离、大运量连续输送物料的更完善的输送机结构。（2） 扩大输送机的使用范围。 发展能在高温、低温条件下、有腐蚀性、放射性、易燃性物质的环境中工作的，以及能输送炽热、易爆、易结团、粘性的物料的输送机。（3） 使输送机的构造满足物料搬运系统自动化控制对单机提出的要求。 如邮局 所用的自动分拣包裹的小车式输送机应能满足分拣动作的要求等。（4） 降低能量消耗以节约能源，已成为输送技术领域内科研工作的一个重要方面。已将 1 吨物料输送 1 公里所消耗的能量作为输送机选型的重要指标之一。（5） 减少各种输送机在作业时所产生的粉尘、噪声和排放的废气。买文档就送您 CAD 图纸和三维图纸全套，Q 号交流 197216396 或 1197098561.2 研究的目的和意义通过对研究本课题，不仅可以使我对工件输送机总体结构有宏观把握，而且对行星传动减速器有了深入的了解，掌握其工作原理，提高自己对机械设计的了解，在设计的过程中我肯定会遇到大量的问题。如减速器的结构问题，中间的大量的数据计算，不过我会通过查阅资料或询问老师来解决，提高自己解决困难的能力。而且了解其优点，在自己的设计工作中充分地发挥其优点，把其缺点降低到最低的限度，从而设计出性能优良的行星齿轮传动装置。这次毕业设计一定会对我今后的学习工作起到巨大的作用。1.3 国内外研究现状步进式输送机其核心部分之一就是减速器，传统输送机通过电动机采用普通减速器多级变速实现，传动装置结构尺寸大，若采用行星齿轮减速器，则可使输送机结构紧凑，传动效率高。因此对行星减速器的研究是设计步进输送机的关键。行星齿轮传动在我国已有了许多年的发展史，很早就有了应用。然而，自 20 世纪 60 年代以来，我国才开始对行星齿轮传动进行了较深入、系统的研究和试制工作。无论是在设计理论方面，还是在试制和应用实践方面，均取得了较大的成就，并获得了许多的研究成果。近 20 多年来，尤其是我国改革开放以来，随着我国科学技术水平的进步和发展，我国已从世界上许多工业发达国家引进了大量先进的机械设备和技术，经过我国机械科技人员不断积极的吸收和消化，与时俱进，开拓创新地努力奋进，使我国的行星传动技术有了迅速的发展。世界上一些工业发达国家，如日本、德国、英国、美国和俄罗斯等，对行星齿轮传动的应用，生产和研究都十分重视，在结构优化、传动性能，传动功率、转矩和速度等方面均处于领先地位，并出现一些新型的行星传动技术，如封闭行星齿轮传动、行星齿轮变速传动和微型行星齿轮传动等早已在现代化的机械传动设备中获得了成功的应用。1.4 主要研究内容1.4.1 课题任务工件步进输送机用于间歇地输送工件，到达预定位置。传统输送机通过电动机采用普通减速器多级变速实现，传动装置结构尺寸大。 主要任务：设计一套采用行星减速器为传动系的工件步进输送机。 主要参数：工件输送时滑架受到的工作阻力 Fr=2800N，滑架宽度为 250mm，高翻译部分英文原文1.1 The take type transports the characteristics and the application of the machineThe take type transports machine since 1795 was disheveled hair and clear,through the development of more than twocenturies,already drive electric power、 metallurgy、coal、 chemical engineering、mineral mountain、portetc.every trade adopts extensively.Especially the Industrial Revolution brings material,lately technical adoption for the third time lately and makes the take type transport the development of the machine to follow a new era.In now days ,whether appraise from carry、length、economy-effectiveness and so on.It can be the same train,automobile transport to match the situation as it stands,and become the first to the development of industries.The take type transports the characteristics of the machine:The structure is simple.Followed by belt conveyor drive pully to one drum,or idler roller components、drives、conveyors several large components.Only a dozen or more components,production can be standardized and may require portfolio assembly,the structure is very simple;Transport the material scope extensively.Conveyor belt with wear,corrosion resistance ,oil resistance,such as fire-retardant properties,and high-resistance,low temperature,may be required to produce,which will transport all kinds of stuff,block materials,chemicals,the Health clinker and concrete;Transport to have great capacity.Volume per hour from a few kilograms to several thousands of tons,but is uninterrupted deliveryThis is the train,the automobile conveyance is too far behind to catch up;The luck is apart from to grow.Single length of up to 10 kilometers an abroad,is very popular,in the middle reproduced without any points.Cross-countrily the take type transports machine to often use to rub to drive a way in the center,making to transport the restriction that the length is free from the belt conveyer strength.It is strong to the circuit adaptability.Modern belt conveyor in laying cross-country,from the trough to tube-shaped,it can be horizontal and vertical plane tumed breaking the mold conveyor or not bend the restrictions,which will rely on mountain water,and walk along the terrain,can save a lot of a tunnel,bridge infrastructure investment;Pack to unload very convenient.Under the belt conveyor process needs,may at any point on the equipment and dump;Pipe conveyor as well.Can also pack,unload to anticipate on the return journey segment ,carry on anti-to conveyance;The credibility is high .As simple structure,moving parts light weight ,as long as the belt is not torn,with a life span of 10 years,metal components,as long as antirust good,for the past several decades is not a bad idea;The operation fee is cheap.Wear parts belt conveyor idlers and only roller,conveyor longevity,a high degree of automation,use of the staff is small,per km on average less than one,the consumption of oil and electricity rarely;Can consume low,the efficiency is high.Since moving parts as light weight,low void shipped in all non-continuous and continuous transport,Belt conveyor energy minimum,maximum efficiency;Maintain a fee little .Belt conveyor is the only moving parts and idler pulley,belt wear is very.Compare under,the train,automobile wears away a parts to want many,and replace to wear away a piece also more multifarious;On the other say,the take type transports the superiority of the machine already very obviously,it is the key equipments of the indispensability in the national economy .Moreover,Internet the realization has been greatly shortened the belt conveyor design,development,manufacture,sales cycles,make it more competitive.1.2 The take type transports the present condition and the development of the machineTake types transporting machine is the coal mine is the most ideal to transport an equipments efficiently and continuously,compared with other conveyance equipmentses have distance of transport long,the carrying capacity is big and continue to transport etc.advantage,and circulate credibility,be easy to the realization automation and concentrate to turn a control,particularly to high produce efficiently the mineral well,the take type transports the key equipments that the machine has become coal to mine the machine electricity integral whole to turn a technique and equips.Along with the our country is high to produe of mineral well efficiently now,the take type that is originally possesseds transporting machine is a regardless main parameter to still circulate functions and all have already cant satisfy a request,have to the long pull,high take soon,big carrying capacity,big power of large turn the direction development,and want improve and raise to circulate function, insure safe credibility.The take type that the our country production make transports the species,type of the machine more.In the”Enghth Five-Year Plan”period,the national one-stop “Nissan 10,000 tons fully mechanized equipment”projects,conveyor technology has-greatly improved,and mine with high power .The key to long-distance belt conveyor technology research and development of new products ,LU has made considerable progress.Such as the big cape long pull take type transport machine to become a set an equipments,high produce to work efficiently noodles fluently slot the flexible take type transport machine ,etc.all filled up local bland ,and transport machine to turn down the key technique to the take type and it main dollar the parts carried on the theories research and the product development,develop successfully variety soft start and make to move equip and take PLC as core of the programmable electricity control device,driving the system adoption to adjust soon type the liquid dint matches the machine and the planet wheel gear to decelerate a machine accidentally.The coal mine take type transports technical development trend of machine .The equipments is large to turn,the exaltation transport an ability:For adapt high produce efficiently intensive turn the demand of the production,the take type transports machine to transport an ability to want enlargement.Long-distance,high belt speed,large-capacity,high-power future is the inecitable trend of development,as well as transport for the high-technology development direction.Transport quantity and raise to the 3000-4000 ts/h in the 10 as of aftertime also raise to the 4-6 ms/s soon,transport length to transport to the flexible take type confidential attain a 3000ms.For strength steel belt conveyor take longer to 5,000 m above single-driven power demand reached 1,0001,500 kw,conveyor tensile strength reached 6,000 N/mm (steel cord)and 2500 N/mm (steel cord).By the coal mine well to descend agreeable slot particularly flexible transport a technical development,along with high produce efficiently continuously develop of the emergence and the coal science and technology of work the noodles,the original flexible take type transports machine,is a regardless main parameter,still circulate functions all hard adapt high produce efficiently a request of work the noodles,the coal mine needs main parameter urgently on the scene greater ,the technique is more advanced,function more dependable long pull ,big carrying capacity 、big power fluently slot the flexible take type transport machine ,transporting technical design level of machine by the exaltation our country take type,filling up local bland,near to and catch up the technique level of the international advanced industrial country.It contains seven of the key technologies:(1) belt conveyor dynamic analysis and control technology;(2)soft start with the power balance technology;(3)Intermediate Driver;(4)automatic tensioning technology .(5)new lifetime high technology high-speed roller;(6)rapid shift from the tail;(7)with efficient storage technology.Raise 1 dollar parts function and credibicity :The equipments switch on rate of high and low mainly be decided by the function and the credibility of 1 dollar parts.In addition to further improving and enhancing the existing yuan parts of the performance and reliability,we will continue to research and development of new technologies and metadata components,such as high-performance technical controllable soft start,Dynamic Analysis and Monitoring Technology,and efficient storage devices with rapid shift from the tail,high-speed roller,belt conveyor so that the performance can be further raised.Extend function ,a machine uses to turn much:Expan a luck a person,carry to anticipate or double to conveyance etc.function,attain a machine to use much,make it the exertive and biddest economic performance.Develop a special type a take type to transport machine,if the flection take type transports the machine,big cape or perpend cularity to promote to transport machine etc.The big cape take type transports the extreme limit that the machine broke the last luck cape 25s,expand,mine for the coal mine and the main and inclined well transported an equipments to choose a type to develop a new path,also transporting the equipments that the system changed an extension to provide economy efficiently for the current inclined well,to raise a yield and decline low cost have important meaning.The level take type transports machine to have amplitude in the our country mineral mountain the production of applied foregroune,especially in the coal mine.My more inclind seam,1625 tilt seam exist in large numbers.The take type transports the function success to used for the bottom of the well,since can reduce tunnel to expand the quantity and equipments.中文译文1.1 带式输送机的的特点与应用带式输送机自 1795 年被发明以来，经过两个多世纪的发展，已被电力、冶金、煤炭、化工、矿山、港口等各行各业广泛采用，特别是第三次工业革命带来了新材料、新技术的采用使带式输送机的发展步入了一个新纪元。当今，无论从输送量、运距、经济效益等方面来衡量，它已经可以同火车、汽车运输相抗衡，成为三足鼎立局面，并成为各国争先发展的行业。1.1.1 带式输送机的特点（1）结构简单。带式输送机的接由传动滚筒、改向滚筒、托辊或无托辊部件、驱动装置、输送带等几大件组成，仅有十多种部件，能进行标准化生产，并可按需要进行组合装配，结构十分简单；（2）输送物料范围广泛。带式输送机的输送带具有耐磨、耐酸碱、耐油、阻燃等各种性能，并耐高、低温，可按需要进行能够制造，因而能输送各种散料、块料、化学品生熟料和混凝土；（3）输送量大。运量可从每小时几公斤到几千吨，而且是连续不间距输送，这是火车、汽车运输望尘莫及的；（4）运距长。单机长度可达到十几公里一条，在国外已经十分普及，中间无需任何转载点。越野的带式输送机常使用中间摩擦驱动方式，使输送机长度不受输送带强度的限制。（5）对线路适应性强。现代的带式输送机在越野铺设