基于PLC控制的立体车库的停取车系统【说明书论文开题报告外文翻译】
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毕 业 设 计（论 文）任 务 书1本毕业设计（论文）课题应达到的目的：通过毕业设计，使学生受到电气工程师所必备的综合训练，在不同程度上提高各种设计及应用能力，具体包括以下几方面：1. 调查研究、中外文献检索与阅读的能力。2. 综合运用专业理论、知识分析解决实际问题的能力。3. 定性与定量相结合的独立研究与论证的能力。4. 实验方案的制定、仪器设备的选用、调试及实验数据的测试、采集与分析处理的能力。5. 设计、计算与绘图的能力，包括使用计算机的能力。6. 逻辑思维与形象思维相结合的文字及口头表达的能力。2本毕业设计（论文）课题任务的内容和要求（包括原始数据、技术要求、工作要求等）：1.本 课 题 要 求 利 用 所 学 的 专 业 知 识 ， 进 行 立 体 车 库 额 听 取 车 系 统 设 计 ， 系 统 要求 能 够 实 现 智 能 停 车 、 取 车 、 防 险 、 监 控 等 功 能 要 求 控 制 ；2.设计系统的硬件电路和软件程序，包括详细的硬件设备配置，系统连接，程序调试等详细步骤；3.最终完成一篇符合金陵科技学院毕业论文规范的系统技术文档，包括各类技术资料，电路图纸，程序等；4.系统要有实际的硬件展示，并能够通电运行；5.本子系统要与整个系统能够配合运行；6.能够完成各项任务，参加最后的毕业设计答辩。毕 业 设 计（论 文）任 务 书3对本毕业设计（论文）课题成果的要求包括图表、实物等硬件要求： 1.按期完成一篇符合金陵科技学院论文规范的毕业设计说明书（毕业论文） ，能详细说明设计步骤和思路；2.能有结构完整，合理可靠的技术方案；3.能有相应的电气部分硬件电路设计说明；4.有相应的图纸和技术参数说明。5.答辩时完成实际系统的运行和展示。4主要参考文献： 1 刘洪令,杜立祥,赵晓东,丁苏强. 巷道堆垛式立体停车库消防设计J. 给水排水. 2014(02) 2 张芬. 基于 PLC 控制的五车位升降横移式立体车库设计J. 电子世界. 2013(24) 3 郭林伟,张翔. 巷道堆垛式立体车库高效停取车方案的研讨J. 机电技术. 2013(05) 4 杜菲,马天兵. 基于 MCGS 组态软件的次品自动监控系统设计J. 制造业自动化. 2013(12) 5 李斌,张政. 新型巷道堆垛式立体车库的虚拟设计J. 河南工程学院学报(自然科学版). 2012(04) 6 施明绚,王小轶. 步进电机驱动器设计及技术改进J. 科技资讯. 2012(13) 7 Congratulations to Prof.Wanming Zhai,associate Editor-in-Chief of JMT,elected as an academician of Chinese Academy of SciencesJ. Journal of Modern Transportation. 2012(01) 8 姚松丽. 基于立体车库实验装置的智能化改造J. 实验室研究与探索. 2011(12) 9 姜艳华,张连勇. 基于 PLC 的立体车库自动控制系统J. 计算机系统应用. 2011(05) 10 刘晓娟,潘宏侠. 垂直升降式立体车库系统设计与研究J. 机械设计与制造. 2011(05) 11 樊新军,马爱芳,主编.电机技术及应用M. 华中科技大学出版社, 2012 12 杨娜,主编.传感器与测试技术M. 航空工业出版社, 2012 13 王平,鲁英,主编.PLC 应用教程M. 中国水利水电出版社, 2011 14 (日)坂本正文著.步进电机应用技术M. 科学出版社, 2010 15 赵玉刚,邱东主编.传感器基础M. 北京大学出版社, 2006 毕 业 设 计（论 文）任 务 书5本毕业设计（论文）课题工作进度计划：2015.11.04-2015.11.282015.11.29-2015.12.162015.12.17-2016.01.102016.02.25-2016.03.092016.03.09-2016.04.282016.04.29-2016.05.092016.05.09-2016.05.132016.05.14-2016.05.21在毕业设计管理系统里选题与指导教师共同确定毕业设计课题查阅指导教师下发的任务书，准备开题报告提交开题报告、外文参考资料及译文、论文大纲进行毕业设计（论文） ，填写中期检查表，提交论文草稿等按照要求完成论文或设计说明书等材料,提交论文定稿教师评阅学生毕业设计；学生准备毕业设计答辩参加毕业设计答辩，整理各项毕业设计材料并归档所在专业审查意见：通过 负责人： 2016 年 1 月 14 日 毕 业 设 计（论文） 开 题 报 告 1结合毕业设计（论文）课题情况，根据所查阅的文献资料，每人撰写不少于1000 字左右的文献综述： 近年来，随着中国人口的增长和人民经济水平的提高，一方面住房地十分紧缺，另一方面中国拥有的机动车数量急剧膨胀。传统的大型的露天停车场不仅浪费大量居民住房面积而且不利于管理。而每个小区的地下停车场停靠的车辆有限，往往不能满足居民的停车需求，导致停车出现“停车难”的现象，继而延伸出违规乱停车的乱象。车辆停放的问题是城市的社会、经济、交通发展到一定程度的结果，但是由于我国城市停车场建设滞后机动车辆增加的速度，造成了当下停车的乱象。因为，无法通过遏制机动车的增速来缓解停车难的问题，只能从停车的结构和方式层面进行调整，而一种高效的、节约空间的停取车系统必然是亟待解决的技术问题。立体停车车库设备的出现有效地解决了土地资源紧缺和泊车难的问题，迅速在大中小城市发展开来。立体停车车库设备的应用已有 30 年的历史，随着自动化信息技术的不断发展，立体车库使用越来越广泛。1920 年，美国建成第一座机械式升降立体车库。50 年代初，采用桥式堆垛起重机的立体车库出现在美国。50 年代后，西欧国家，其中尤以德国的技术最先进，生产出巷道堆垛式立体车库以及多层升降横移式立体车库。到了 60 年代初又出现了有司机操作的巷道式堆垛起重机立体车库。60 年代中期，日本开始从事研发占用土地资源更少的停车设备，先后出现多层垂直升降式、水平循环式、垂直循环式、简易升降式立体车库。从技术特点上看，竖式自动立体车库是日本立体车库发展的主流。1973 年机械部起重所负责研制计算机控制的自动化立体车库，该车库在 1980 年投入使用。我国台湾地区在 1981 年，在台兴建成第一座垂直循环式停车塔，1982 年生产出第一台双层式停车设备。1988 年我国第一个采用二层升降横移式机械停车设备的地下车库在北京建成。立体车库产业在二十世纪九十年代迅速兴起，步入了引进、开发、制造和使用的快车道，国内立体停车库市场正以直线上升的态势在飞速发展。立体车库根据自动化物流系统传输原理，采用多层高架式存放车辆的大型停车设备。立体车库系统的关键设备是巷道堆垛机，它包含的运行调速技术、激光测距技术、货叉调速技术、起升机构的认址技术，变截面立柱技术等 10 余项新技术均为我国的最新的研究成果。组合式结构的输送机设备、悬臂式升降台等多项新技术和托盘自动收集技术。运用双车避让技术使分配车达到了比设计要求更高的能力。货架结构采用有限元分析，表面处理采用表面喷塑新工艺，美观耐用。但是，调查显示立体车库在全国建成的停车位才 30000 多个，而且大部分集中在沿海等发达的大城市，内陆城市以及中小城市分布较少。从技术上看，中国的立体车库产业与日本、美国、德国等发达国家还有很大差距，尤其在立体车库的自动化水平和智能化管理方面。因此，中国的立体车库产业的发展和建设还有很大的发展的空间。如上所述，采用多层横移式的立体车库非常常见了，本课题出于创新的目的，联想到魔方旋转的功能，拟设计出 3 层的旋转立体车库。车库可以自身旋转，车库呈空心圆柱体，车库 3 层每层 6 个停车位，中间托盘上下升把车推进去，外围口子固定的，车库把要取的车转过来，从外围出口从当前层抽出来降下去。 毕 业 设 计（论文） 开 题 报 告 2本课题要研究或解决的问题和拟采用的研究手段（途径）： 1.研究设计内容 本课题的立体旋转车库为 3 层的每层可旋转式的车库，每一层地面使用步进电机作为驱动机构，可 360旋转，该车库呈空心圆柱体，中心为升降停车模块，中间为可旋转式的停车层，外围为每层都设置的固定取车口升降至取车的地方。本车库使用 PLC 接受存取车请求，存车时将车开进车库内部的升降托盘上，托盘上升到指定位置存放；取车时，要取的车的当前层自动旋转将本层的取车口对到外层的托盘上，下降到地面完成一个取车动作。 2.设计途径 该立体车库设计的硬件包括，PLC 主接线电路、中心旋转升降模块电路设计、停车层旋转电路设计。 软件部分有，PLC 主程序、存取车程序、触摸屏监控画面设计。 毕 业 设 计（论文） 开 题 报 告 指导教师意见：1对“文献综述”的评语：综述内容较为丰富，参考文献合理，概括了课题所包含的研究内容的相关背景、基础知识、发展现状等，同时还对本课题所研究的任务进行了一定的阐述，对本课题的研究有一定的指导意义。2对本课题的深度、广度及工作量的意见和对设计（论文）结果的预测：本课题研究的任务是针对 PLC 控制的立体车库停取车系统进行设计，应该说技术相对成熟，深度中等，但是涉及到的知识面较广，如果学生能认真对待，通过实例调研，查阅专业资料，相信能够实现最终的设计任务和结果，并对自己的专业应用能力是一个非常大的提高。3.是否同意开题： 同意 不同意指导教师： 2016 年 03 月 07 日所在专业审查意见：同意 负责人： 2016 年 03 月 08 日 译文题目： The Controller Development of Multi-layer Parking Equipment Based on STM32 基于 STM32 的多层停车设备控制器的开发 The Controller Development of Multi-layer Parking Equipment Based on STM32AbstractTo meet the needs of the general parking equipment with high integration, fully functional control system, we design a controller based on STM32F103 series microprocessor used in Multi-layer parking equipment, with SD card, NRF and other module interface. To ensure the stability of the controller, all of the input interface, relay output interface and the power supply part are isolated, smoothed and other necessary processing; The controller can be performed RS485, CAN bus communication, also with voice alarm, LCD display. After the necessary tests, combined with practical work of the three layers and six places parking equipment, then verified the reliability and practicability of the controller.Keywords: Multi-layer Parking Equipment, STM32, Controller1. IntroductionAutomotive and real estate industry are developing rapidly, making the city parking problems become increasingly prominent. Multi-layer Parking Equipment for its safety, good stability and high economic advantages, has been widely used, and its controller mostly uses PLC1. However, PLC costs highly, more connected lines, relatively independent of each unit, then can not be a wide range of applications, at the same time can not conducive to management2. Therefore, we design a controller used in Multi-layer parking equipment based on STM32F103 series microprocessor, with power supply module, relay module. Support RS485, CAN bus communication, capable of voice prompts, with anti-jamming input interface and rich peripheral interfaces, be able to facilitate future software upgrades and equipment improvements. The controller not only can guarantee real-time control, stability and accuracy, but also can reduce input costs, to meet the economic needs of customers.2. Overall Design SchemeThe controller uses Context-M3 core STM32F103 series of 32-bit microprocessor, which is widely used in industrial control, automotive electronics, medical equipment and other industries. STM32 has a wealth of internal resources as well as external expansion capabilities, the clock frequency can reach 72MHZ, so it has a faster processing speed, can meet the requirements of high-speed communications3. According to the specific requirements of parking equipment, controller through real-time detect the sensor signal, after a preset algorithm, the control signal is transmitted to the relay, then relay control motors.In the master-slave control system, the subordinative controller can exchange data though RS485 or CAN bus with the host controller 4.The controller should have enough I/O ports to detect the sensor signals, STM32 has as many as 112 multifunctional bidirectional I/O port5, all the I/O port can be mapped to the 16 interrupts, and almost all of the I/O are able to tolerate 5V signal, thus greatly improve the practicability and anti-interference of the controller6. Figure 1 is the three layers and six places parking equipment, it has six parking spaces, motors M1,M2, M3 provide electrical power output, the upright can be moved back and forth on the rail, and the mounter can move up and down along the uprights, also can rotate 90 around the uprights, through sensors to restrict their movements. During operation, the controller can carry real-time voice prompts, if an accident occurs, Such as overloading of vehicles, equipment failure, and the vehicle exceed limited height, the corresponding sensor can sent the abnormal condition to the controller promptly, the controller stop the motors right now, and at the same time play voice prompts, to draw attention to safety.Figure 1. Three Layers and Six Places Parking Equipment3. Hardware Design Figure 2. Hardware Structure of the ControllerThe hardware of the controller uses the modular design, which can not only guarantee the independence of each module, and also can realize the connection of various parts of the mutual 7. Make full use of the STM32 on-chip rich peripherals, according to the required control functional of the multi-layer parking equipment, to design of communication module, power module, relay module and voice module, the hardware structure of the controller is shown in Figure 2.3.1. Power ModuleThe design of power module is directly determine the stability of the controller, during the power module design should pay full consideration to the isolation, noise reduction, protection and other aspects. According to the need of parking equipment, power module must be able to provide the standard 3.3V, 5V, 12V voltage. So we use the LM2576-12 to reduce the external switching power supply voltage of 24V down to 12V for relays. To ensure the power supply stability and anti-jamming, we select DC-DC isolated power modules B1205S-2W to reduce 12V to VDD(+5V) for the use of sensors and optocouplers, in addition the voltage stabilizer of LM2576-5 can output standard +5V power for the use of ADuM1201,CH340G and other chips which need +5V power. Then through the linear regulator LM1117-3.3 buck to 3.3V supply to the STM32F103 and other chips which need +3.3V power like SP3485. At the same time the two trace +5V power use different GND, so this can avoid the electromagnetic interference which the optocouplers and Holzer sensors bring to the control system, the power module schematic diagram shown in Figure 3.Figure 3. Power Module Schematic DiagramF1 in Figure 3 is a fuse, it can avoid short circuit and overload damage to the controller; Inductance L1, L2 are used to stop the AC interference signals through, to suppress the electromagnetic interference, but also can filter the power; Capacitors used to bypass, decoupling and filtering, D13 and D14 are TVS play the role of regulator.3.2. CAN Bus Communication InterfaceAs STM32 integrated CAN2.0A / B controller, so just add a TJA1050 driver chips can be realize communication, in CAN bus interface circuit8, the application of high speed optocoupler ADUM1201 to isolate the TJA1050 and STM32 chip, because if the bus speed is higher than 62.5kpbs is considered to the high speed mode. As shown in Figure 4, there is a 22PF parallel connection capacitance between CANH and GND, as well as CANL, used to filter out high frequency interference signals on the bus. In addition, between the two CAN bus access terminal and earth respectively, reverse connect a protection diode, when the CAN bus has a high negative voltage, by the diode circuit can play certain role of overvoltage protection. Figure 4. CAN Bus Communication Interface Circuit3.3. Switch Value Input and Relay Output Interface CircuitThe sensors used in multi-layer parking equipment return signal most are the switching value, so it can directly use the STM32 general purpose I/O interface circuit connected to the sensor to get the test data. As shown in Figure 5, using TLP181 optocoupler to isolate. Pullup resistor prevent interference and the diode prevent current flow backward, the point of INT0 is used to detect whether there are data inputs in input port of INPUT0.Figure 5. Switch Value Input CircuitThe multi-layer parking equipment output signals are generally relay output, as shown in Figure 6, we use a high voltage output with open collector Hex Buffer/Driver SN74LS07. ASN74LS07 has six outputs, each channel can provide maximum output voltage of 30V, fully meet the relay coil control requirements. In addition, the relay coil with a parallel connection transient reverse diode to release reverse discharge current, protection relays and pre-driver chip, the point of INT0 is used to detect whether the relay is closed.Figure 6. Relay Output CircuitFigure 7. The Controller Circuit BoardFigure 7 is the controller circuit board. In order to facilitate the connection, the controller is divided into two layers, in which the upper layer are STM32F103 minimum system and peripheral circuit, oscillator circuit, reset circuit, USB serial port, The upper plate can also be used as a simple controller; The lower is the peripheral interfaces, such as CAN bus communication interface, input interface, relay output interface.4. Software Architecture Design and Application VerificationMany parking equipments are over reliance on hardware and neglect the software design,the software structure design based on good hardware resources can reflects the systems userfriendly9. Based on the control need of the three layers and six place parking equipment,design the software control flow. Control mode is divided into automatic and manual operation, and manual operation is apply to manual adjustment when the system can not run automatically due to equipment malfunctions or other problems. The automatic mode is the normal way of the multi-layer parking equipment, and can automatically park and withdraw the vehicle according to the customer demand, Figure 8 shows the main program flow chart of the parking system with three layers and six parking equipment. The controller makes a judgment of parking or taking the car according to user input, then enter the corresponding subroutine.Figure 8. Main Program Flow ChartThe parking process is basically the same as pick up. Here only introduce the parking process, the control system based on the information of user input to determine the parking, then find free place, according to predetermined algorithm processes to finish the parking process, the parking process diagram as shown in Figure 9. Figure 9. Parking Process Diagram5. ConclusionMulti-layer parking equipment can make full use of the space resource, and the controller is the most important. The controller we design based on STM32 can increase integration, at the same time can reduce the control volume, decrease costs and easy maintenance. During the hardware design, we considered the isolation, filtering and other factors. After the schematic and PCB drawing, we proceed some necessary simulation, at the
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