sci论文写作重要结构3 (2)

1. Achieving supercapacitors with high energy density has been a long-standing issue because of the increasing market demands for high-energy electric devices. 2. To secure the high energy density of supercapacitors, there are two general approaches, viz. improvement of specific capacitance, or high working voltage based on the equation, E 1/2CV2, where C and V are capacitance and working voltage, respectively.（原句在 78 文献中） 3. Recently, Chmiola et al. reported an exponential increase（指数增加） in the specific capacitance when the pore size approached the ion size of the electrolyte using carbide-derived carbon as the electrode. , 4. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was carried out using a Q5000 thermoanalyzer instrument (TA Instruments Inc., USA) under air flow of 25 ml min1 and heated from 25 C to 700 C at a linear heating rate of 20 C min-1. 5. It reveals that the defect-free MoS2 nanosheets are effective in terms of enhancing the thermal stability of the PE composites. 6. Although many researches have been focused on this issue, it still remains unsolved plus some restrictions such as high loading amount and the poor adhesion between filler and matrix. 7. The as-prepared RGO possesses higher surface area and can connect with the epoxy adequately, which reduces the barriers of phonon transport to a large extent. 8. An optimal chain length was observed to impart maximum mechanical and impact properties. 9. Although many researches have been focused on this issue, it still remains unsolved plus some restrictions such as high loading amount and the poor adhesion between filler and matrix. 10.The as-prepared RGO possesses higher surface area and can connect with the epoxy adequately, which reduces the barriers of phonon transport to a large extent.(很大程度上) 11.Graphene, possessing excellent mechanical property, high conductivity, and good stability, has been widely applied in the field of energy storage. 12.Due to inherently low k, the polymeric materials have limitations in their application fields. 13.Samples were prepared by three roll mill in the range of 1 to 5 wt% of MWCNTs contents. 14.However, to the best of the authors knowledge, none of these studies investigates the effect of aspect ratio on thermal conductivity of HDPE/MWCNTs composite and therefore, this will be the aim of this study. 15.The explanation at microscopic scale for these observations is that higher aspect ratio of MWCNTs favors the creation of a percolated network enabling the passage of phonons over longer distance without transitions from particle to particle. 16.In addition, in a network made up by shorter filaments, the required number of contacts per unit distance increases exponentially. 17. The presence of G-CNT hybrids slightly increases the thermal stability at 5% weight loss and remarkably improves the amountof residues of PVA nanocomposites. For comparison, we also prepare a PVA composite with the addition of only t-CNTs and find that its mechanical properties show limited enhancement owing to the decreased length-to-diameter ratio and structural defects of CNTs by acid treatment. 18. In addition to its remarkable physical properties, graphene exhibits low density and high aspect ratio which predestines(注定) it as a fillers for both very specific applications and general uses in the realm（领域） of polymer composites. 19. As we narrow down the problem to the issue of fabricating water-soluble polymer nanocomposites, 20. The irreversible graphene agglomerates upon chemical reduction of GO have become a major and perplexing problem for achieving uniformly distributed graphene sheets within the polymer matrix. 21. Here we define the onset decomposition temperature as the temperature at 5% weight loss. 22. Although various researches have indicated that CNTs are good reinforcements for PI films, there are a lot of unresolved problems restricted its development such as distinct difficulty in dispersion and high production cost. 23. The thickness of the resultant films was about 0.0550.065 mm. 24. Youngs modulus shows little changes with increasing GO-APTS content from 0 to 1 wt%. 25. Sparked by the flourishing investigation on graphene-based nanomaterials, two-dimensional materials have attracted tremendous attention of researchers. As an emerging star with grapheme like two-dimensional structure, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) was introduced as a metal-free photocatalyst for highly efficient hydrogen evolution under visible light. 26. Some works have endeavoured on the trial by combining PU elastomers with different nanofillers. 27. In many cases, a method to avoid parts of these drawbacks is to assemble nanostructured MnO2 with conductive materials, such as carbon, carbon nanotubes and graphene (GNS) 28. Recent exponentially increasing research advancements in the development of electrode materials have been pursued on MnO2/graphene hybrids. 29. There is a strong tendency to irreversibly aggregate or restack for graphene flakes. 30. （XRD）No other peaks are observed, indicating high purity of the as- prepared samples and the introduction of GNS has no impact on crystal forms of MnO2. 31. PVC plastisol in liquid form (denoted here as PL) with a density of p = 1.37 g/cm3 was used as the polymer matrix of the composites investigated in this study. 32.Thermal grease as traditional TIM is unrecoverable and its thickness is difficult to control, which is easy to penetrate or pump out on account of its liquidity. 33.The data shows that the synergistic effect of MGFs and GF on thermal conductivity of polymer composites is indeed remarkable. 34.Taking T25% (temperature at 25% weight loss) for an example. 35. Since such composites retain the unique interconnected graphene sheets, a high electrical conductivity is achieved as compared to those fabricated by conventional methods. 36. The G-PDMS-1 exhibits an in-plane electrical conductivity of 3.2 S/m with a loading of 0.4 wt% while the G-PDMS-4 shows 1.4 102 S/m with a loading of 1.9 wt%. This more than two orders of magnitude gap is a significant difference considering the fact the loading of graphene of small size is four times higher than that of large size. 37. This confirms that the size of graphene sheet plays a central role in determining the electrical conductivity of the composite. 38. Effective dispersion is the key requirement for maximizing the enhancement potential of graphene. 39. These hybrid composites presented limited EMI shielding performance because they possessed only low electrical conductivities and lacked seamless（无缝的） conducting networks. 40. All in all,SET presented a rising trend with increasing electrical conductivity and porosity. 41. The strategy introduced in this paper can be used as a versatile way to fabrication of various metal-oxide-based composites. 42. Many strategies have been proposed and investigated to circumvent this problem. 43. The TGA curve indicates that the carbon content in the SnO2 SMCsC is about 29 wt%. 44. Additionally, no peaks belonging to carbon are detected, suggesting the amorphous nature of the carbon shell. 45. It can be noticed that compared with serious aggregation, obvious defects and poor interfacial bonding in BT/PVDF, BTSiO2/PVDF composite shows good dispersion, fewer defects and improved interfacial adhesion status. 46. As a result, strong interaction between BTSiO2 and PVDF is produced and thus results in improved interfacial adhesion. 47. The BT was uniformly covered by a layer of amorphous SiO2 with tunable shell thickness by means of changing mass ratio of BT to TEOS. 48. After that, the suspension of PS microspheres (6 g) was added dropwise into the above GO and ammonium molybdate dispersion under magnetic stirring. 49. Those MoOx species can not only serve as etchers reacting with carbon atoms on graphene sheets, but also as “spacers” dispersed between the individual graphene sheets to prevent the restacking of graphene. 50. The properties of composites are related closely to the wettability between CFs and matrix resin. 51. The sufficient contact between CFs and MPSR at a molecular level not only reduces defects, voids and cracks in the interface, but also helps to form much stronger Van der Waals interactions, mechanical interlocking and chemical bonding, which are beneficial to enhance interfacial adhesion and overall properties of the resulting composites. 52. In spite of great potential in high k and mechanical strength, the 3D CNT- intercalated graphite composite still suffer from several bottlenecks. 53. The XRD patterns of CNT/EGB pressed under different temperature. The dominant diffraction peak from graphite (002) was observed at 26.4 in all the patterns. 54. Apart from imparting flame retardant properties, these nanomaterials can also be used as reinforced fillers in polymer nanocomposites. 55. Graphene hybridized layered double hydroxides (G/LDHs) are a valuable addition to the field of nanomaterials. 56. Hybrids of graphene (G) and layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are promising nanomaterials due to their versatile properties and the large number of composition/preparation variables available for fine-tuning. 57. According to our knowledge, the stability of thermal conductivity and dimension of TIMs has not been studied, yet it is vital for TIMs in the practical application. 58. Two remarkable characters are noted for MGF/GF/PDMS composites as shown in Fig. 2(f)(h). First, some small pieces of MGFs entered into the interior of arms, which plays a role in reinforcing the local PDMS. Second, . 59. The red arrow in Fig. 8(b) shows the separation of GF from PDMS due to the weak interfacial bonding. 60. Liem and Choy reported that the thermal conductivity of graphene and boron nitride co-filled polymer nanocomposites was in the range of 6.29.5 W m1 K1 with different quality of single-layer graphene. 61. The variation trend of T20% and residual shown in coincides well with that of thermal conductivity shown in Fig. 2. 62. TGA and differential thermogravimetry (DTG) curves are plotted in Fig. 5. 63. It means that the contribution of CB to thermal conductivity is not remarkable at low loading. 64. Due to the small size of graphene, its reinforcement effect on mechanical properties of polymer composites is very limited.Fortunately, carbon fibres can remedy （补救）this shortfall because of their rigid and straight nature. 65. The elongation at break of the materials studied initially increases then decreases with the increasing content of CF as shown in Fig. 3(d). This signifies that an appropriate content of CF can still increase the deformation ability of CF/GF/PDMS composites. While,higher content of CF compromises and reduces this ability. 66. Creep is a mechanical behavior of materials that deformation accumulates as time evolves under constant loading. 67. It is an important physical property that should be taken into consideration for the development of composite materials which undergo long-term loading, especially at high temperature and humidity . 68. The good dispersion is ascribed to the fast removal of solvent by theflocculation technique, which suppresses the aggregation of fillers. 69. The elastic modulus significantly increases as the content of Gr-CNT hybrid reaches 1.0 vol.%, and it further increases with further increases in the content of the hybrid. 70. However, the chemical-functionalization that works well for improving the homogeneous dispersion and the interfacial interaction may not necessarily result in reducing the thermal boundary resistance between the CNTs and the polymer matrix. 71. The core-shell nanoparticles achieved a reasonably good dispersion in the matrix with minor aggregations. 72. It was confirmed that crazing, microcracks formation and debonding of nanoparticles from the matrix were the main causes leading to the improvement of fracture toughness. 73. This rubbery shell was compatible with the epoxy system and the nanoparticles were well dispersed in epoxy matrix with minor aggregations. 74. After being dried the epoxy resin based TIMs with Ag-GNSs as thermal conductive fillers are obtained. 75. Therefore, with size increase of Ag nanoparticles it is not easy for graphene sheets to form stacked graphitic structures. 76. The thermal conductivity of the epoxy resin based TIM is also measured with changing temperatures because temperature dependence of k is important for the point of view of both physics and applications. 77. The weak temperature dependence of k is beneficial for TIM applications. 78. The silver-decorated CNTs-PDA (CNTs-PDA/Ag) nanocomposites were rinsed thoroughly with deionized water, centrifuged, and dried in a vacuum oven at 40 C to a constant weight. 79. The immobilization of silver nanoparticles onto the CNTs-PDA surfaces by the weak reduction performance of the PDA layer on the CNTs and the high energy of the UV light. 80. The results show that the N/C ratio on the surface of CNT-PDA nanoparticles increases with polymerization time, indicating an increase in PDA thickness. 81. Recently, Lee et al. reported a surface chemistry for functional coatings inspired by the adhesive proteins secreted by mussels. 82. This versatile surface modification method has significant advantages such as simple ingredients, mild reaction conditions, and applicability to various materials regardless of types, sizes, and shapes. 83. The target of our research was to make some progress on the challenging topic. 84. The combination of bioinspired(智慧 ) dopamine oxidative self-polymerization and epoxy functionalized silane grafting will lead to the feasible application of the high-performance fibers. 85. All chemicals were of analytical reagent grade and used without further purification. 86. MPIA fibers obtained were filtered and rinsed thoroughly with distilled water and dried to constant weight under reduced pressure. The obtained MPIA fibers were denoted as MPIAPDA in this article. 87. Each reported interfacial shear strength (IFSS) value is the average of 10 successful measurements. 88. The success of surface modification of MPIA fibers was ascertained by comparing the XPS spectra of fiber surface. 89. The O/C ratio increases with respect to temperature increase and the maximum value occurs at 60 C in both methods. This is mainly due to the fact that the higher the grafting temperature, the higher reaction activity between dopamine and KH560. 90. After the oxidative self- polymerization and grafting treatment, these peaks either diminish or disappear. 91. It can be seen in Figure 5eh that, the higher the reaction temperature, the denser and thicker the grafted layer. 92. Studies have been performed to investigate the thermal and mechanical properties of composites containing co-carbon fillers with different shapes, sizes, and functionalities from those of graphite. Using co-carbon fillers such as EG with carbon black or graphene nanoplatelets with carbon nanotubes may reduce the total filler content as a result of the formation of a supporting network between the two fillers. This synergistic effect leads to substantial improvements in the mechanical and thermal properties of the comp