大学英语六级翻译(四)

文房四宝 文房四宝(Four Treasures of the Study)是中国书法传统书写工具的统称，包括笔、 墨、纸、砚(ink stone)。 “文房 ”指的是学者的书房。除了这四宝，书房里的工具还有笔筒、 笔架、墨盒、腕托、笔洗、墨块(ink pad)，这些都是书房必备品。唐宋是书法的繁荣时期， 当时著名的生厂商制造的经典文房四宝被后世学者高度赞扬。中国传统文化及艺术的发明 和发展与文房四宝密切相关。在某种程度上，文房四宝代表了中国传统文化的重要元素。 The Four Treasures of the Study,is a general name of the traditional writing tools of Chinese calligraphy, including writing brush, ink, paper and ink stone. The name of Wen fang refers to a scholars study. Besides these four treasures, tools used in the study also include brush pots, brush rack,ink box, wrist-rest, brush washer and ink pad, all of which are necessities of the study. Classical products of the Four Treasures of the Study made by famous producers during the Tang and Song Dynasties, when styles of writing were very prosperous, were highly praised by later scholars.The invention and development of Chinas traditional culture and art are closely related to the Four Treasures of the Study.And to some extent,the Four Treasures of the Study represents an important element of traditional Chinese culture. 1.“文房 ”指的是:其中“指的是”译为 refer to。 “文房”用汉语拼音 Wen fang 表示 即可。 2.除了 还有:此处可用 besides 或 in addition to 表达，而不用 except，因为 except 表示“ 除去不计,不包括 在内” 。 3.经典 :可译为 classical。classical products 意为“经典产品” 。 4.和 密切相关:可译为 be closely related to 5.在某种程度上:可译为短语 to some extent 或 in some degree。 兵马俑 兵马俑(the Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses)是秦始皇陵墓(mausoleum)的一部分， 也是 20 世纪世界考古(archaeological) 史上最伟大的发现之一。兵马俑是秦始皇为了死后 能继续统治王国而建造的，在 1974 年被西安当地的农民发现。真人一样大小的兵俑按战 斗队形排列，依据不同的等级，他们的身高、制服和发型都不相同。他们生动、逼真的形 象，显示了工匠们极高的雕刻水平。兵马俑是世界上最大的地下军事博物馆，于 1987 年 被列入世界文化遗产，并被誉为“世界第八大奇迹” 。 The Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses, a part of QinShi Huangs mausoleum, is one of the significant findings in the world archaeological history of the twentieth century. It was constructed for Qin ShiHuang to rule the empire in his afterlife and discovered in 1974 by local farmers in Xian. Varying in height, uniform and hairstyle in accordance with rank, the life-sized terra-cotta warriors are arranged in battle formation. The vivid and life-like images reflect the high engraving level of craftsmen. The Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses, the largest underground military museum, was listed as the World Cultural Heritages and honored as “The Eighth Wonder of the World“ in 1987. 1.第一个句子中主语是“兵马俑” ，后面出现两个并列分句“是”和“也是” 翻译 时可将“秦始皇陵墓的一部分”译作 apart of Qin Shi Huangs mausoleum，放在主 语之后，作为主语 The Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses 的同位语，使句子更紧凑。 2.第二句由两个分句构成，主语都是兵马俑。第一个分句中兵马俑是“建造”的对象， 所以要用被动语态;而第二个分句的“被发现”同样提示需用被动语态。因此，用连词 and 连接两个并列的谓语即可。 3.第三句中的“他们的身高、服装和发型都不相同”可使用现在分词短语 varying in height作状语，置于句首，使译文简洁有层次。 4.最后一句较长，主语是“兵马俑” ，后面跟着三个并列分句， “是” 、 “被列入” 和 “并被誉为”翻译时可以将 “世界上最大的地下军事博物馆”放在主语之后，作为主语 的同位语，后面两个分句用 and 连接，使句子更紧凑。 家中度假 家中度假(staycation)是指一个人或一家人待在家里休息，或者在离家不远的景点游览 的一段时光。人们在家中度假的原因很多，如家庭预算紧张、出游成本不断攀升，或者孩 子太小。对于大多数中国人来说。节假日期间景区人山人海，高速公路、城市道路拥堵 (congestion)，是促使他们家中度假的两大主要原因。常见的家中度假活动包括在家里招 待朋友、游览当地的公园和博物馆，或参与当地一些节日活动等。家中度假也可以丰富多 彩，它将成为一种新的度假趋势。 A staycation refers to a period in which an individual or a family stays at home for relaxing or takes trips to nearby tourist attractions.There are various reasons for people to take a staycation,like tight family budgets,rising travel costs or having very young kids.For the majority of Chinese people,overcrowded tourist sites,congestion on expressways and city roads during holidays are the two major factors contributing to their staycations.Common activities of a staycation include entertaining friends at home,visiting local parks and museums,and attending local festival celebrations. A staycation can be rich and colorful,and it will become a now trend for vacation. 1.第一句话中的主干结构为“家中度假是指 一段时光” ，因为定语过长，可将定语处 理成 which 引导的定语从句。 2. “如家庭预算紧张、出游成本不断攀升，或者孩子太小”具体列举人们在家中度假 的原因，翻译“紧张” 、 “攀升”和“太小”时可采用“形容词+名词”的结构，即 like tight family budgets, rising travel costs or having very young kids，比较符合英文表 达习惯。 3.在 “节假日期间景区人山人海，高速公路、城市道路拥堵，是促使他们家中度假的 两大主要原因”一句中， “景区人山人海”和“高速公路、城市道路拥堵”都是主谓短语， 可理解成“人山人海的景区”和“拥堵的高速公路、 城市道路”分别译作 overcrowded tourist sites 和 congestion on expressways and city roads，符合英文中多用名词表达 的语言特点。 4.最后一句由两个分句组成，可译为两个并列句，用连接间 and 连接。 中国的民族 中国以其人口密集、疆域辽阔而著称。作为一个多民族国家，中国共有 56 个民族， 总人口约 14 亿人。汉族是中华民族的主体民族，约占全国人口的 92%，主要分布在东部 和中部。而其他少数民族居住相对分散，主要分布在中国的西南、西北和东北部地区。每 个少数民族都有与众不同的特点、悠久的传统文化和独特的风俗习惯。中国政府长久以来 一直提倡和发展平等、团结的民族关系，强调各民族共同发展、共同繁荣。 China is noted for its dense population and vast territory. As a multinational country, China is home to 56 ethnic groups with a total population of about1.4 billion.The Han Nationality is the majority, accounting for 92% of the total population, which distributes mainly in the east and middle of China; while the ethnic minorities dwell extensively all over China,distributing mainly in the southwest, the northwest and the northeast.Each of the minority ethnic groups has a distinctive character, long traditional culture and unique conventions.Chinese government has long been advocating and developing an equal and united ethnic relationship, highlighting the common development and prosperity of all ethnic groups. 1.第二句的主干结构是“中国共有 56 个民族” ，可理解成“中国是 56 个民族的家” ， 因此“有”译为 is home to，充分表达了中国是一个大家庭的意思。 “总人口约 14 亿人” 用介词短语 with a total population of about 1.4 billion 表达，句子更加简洁精炼。 2.第三句“汉族是东部和中部 ”可把“汉族是中华民族的主体民族”作为主句： “约占全国人口的 92%”使用现在分词短语作状语，即 accounting for 92% of the total population： “主要分布在东部和中部”则使 which 引导的非限制性定语从句来表达。 3.第四句“而其他少数民族居住 ，同样讲民族的分布，可用连词 while 与上一句连 接，中间用分号隔开，从而使汉族与少数民族的分布形成对比。这里的”主要分布 在“可使用现在分词短语作状语，译为 distributing mainly in。 4.翻译最后一句时可把“中国政府长久以来一直提倡和发展平等、团结的民族关系” 作为句子主干，谓语动词“一直提倡和发展”可使用现在完成进行时态，说明政策的延续 性。 “强调各民族共同发展、共同繁荣”则使用现在分词短语作状语 highlighting，对主 句作进一步补充说明。 北京大学 北京大学于 1898 年成立，原名为京师大学堂(the Imperial University of Peking)。 该大学的成立标志着中国近代史上高等教育的开始。在中国近代史上，它是进步思想的中 心，对中国新文化运动、五四运动及其他重要事件的发生颇有影响。今天，国内不少高校 排行榜将北京大学放入国内顶尖大学之列。该校重视教学和科学研究。为提高本科生教育 和研究生教育质量、保持其领先研究机构的地位，学校已做出很大努力。此外，学校尤以 其校园环境及优美的中国传统建筑而闻名。 Originally known as the Imperial University of Peking, Peking University was established in1898. The establishment of the University marked the beginning of higher education in Chinas modern history.In modern history of China, it was a center for progressive thought and was influential in the birth of Chinas New Culture Movement, the May Fourth Movement and many other significant events.Today, Peking University was placed by many domestic university rankings amongst the top universities in China. The university lays emphasis on both teaching,and scientific research.It has made great efforts to improve the undergraduate and graduate education,and maintain its role as a leading research institution. In addition,the University is especially renowned for its campus environment and the beauty of its traditional Chinese architecture. 1.表示某事物的成立，需用被动语态：“原名京师大学堂”即最初的名字，可译为 and its original name was;也可与前面句子共用主语 Peking University，译为 was originally known as，但这两种处理方法都不如将其处理为过去分词短语 originally known as来得简洁地道。 2.注意第二句中“中国近代史”的译法， “近代史”通常译为 modern history.“现代 史”则译为 contemporary history.“标志着的开始”可以套用 mark the beginning of句型表达。注意，不要一看到“标志”就翻译为 symbolize，该词一般指“某事物的 象征意义” ，用于此不合适。 3.第三句中的“对的发生颇有影响 ”的中心词是“有影响”(was influential)， “对 的发生”表明产生影响的方面，用介词 in.“发生”在此处强调的是状态，而不是动作，因 此用 in the birth of 表达。 舞狮 舞狮(lion dance)是一种由一人或两人身披狮型服装(lioncostume)进行表演的民间表 演艺术。据记载，舞狮有两千多年的悠久历史，在唐朝时被引入皇室，成为皇室的娱乐项 目。舞狮最注重的是技巧，舞狮者要以夸张的方式模仿狮子的各种表情和动作。经过几千 年的发展，舞狮已经在各地形成了不同的表演特色。在中国的传统风俗中，狮子是一种可 以去除灾难、带来幸运的吉祥物(mascot)。因此，每逢节日或隆重的庆典，人们都以舞狮 来营造欢乐和热闹的气氛。 Lion dance is a folk performing art performed by one or two persons in lion costumes. According to records, the dance, with a long history of more than 2,000 years, was introduced to the royal family as a form of entertainment during Tang Dynasty. Skill is given top priority in performing the lion dance and performers are required to imitate various expressions and movements of lions in an exaggerated way. After thousands years of development, diverse performing characteristics in different regions have been formed. In the traditional Chinese custom the lion is regarded as a mascot that wards off misfortunes and brings good luck. Therefore, during festivals and grand ceremonies, people would perform lion dance to create a happy and exciting atmosphere. 1.第一句较长，可先提炼其“舞狮是一种民间表演艺术” ，译为 Lion dance is a folk performing art：“由一人或两人身披狮型服装进行表演的 ”可译为过去分词短语作定语。 2.第二句可将“舞狮在唐朝时被引入皇室，成为皇室的娱乐项目”处理为主句。 “有两 千多年的悠久历史”可译为 with a long history of，作为插入语，放在主语之后。 3.第三句“舞狮最注重的是” 包含两短句，使用 and 连接的并列结构 ;翻译时可采用 被动语态，即 skill is given top priority inand performers are required to。 4.倒数第二句中“狮子是一种” ，隐含狮子在人们心中的形象，译为 is regarded as比译成 is，表达更加地道。 北京胡同 人们说，真正的北京文化是胡同(hutong) 和四合院(quadrangle courtyard)文化。它 们比髙楼大吸引的海内外游客更多。现在，胡同已经成为北京文化的代表，因此对于想了 解当地的历史文化的人来说，胡同是首选。胡同是蒙古词，意思是“水井” 。在元朝，蒙古 人髙度重视水，所以几乎每一个城市社区都围绕一口井设计。直到今天，人们仍然可以在 胡同中找到枯井。每条小巷中都有故亊。在古代，它们的名宇是口口相传的，胡同里没有 路标(signpost) 。直到明、清两代，胡同的名字才逐渐被书写下来。 People say that the real culture of Beijing is the culture of hutong and quadrangle courtyards. They attract more tourists from home and abroad than the high-rise buildings and large mansions.Now hutongs have become representatives of Beijings culture; thus it is the first choice for people who would like to learn about the local history and culture. Hutong is a Mongolian word meaning “well”.In the Yuan Dynasty, Mongolians attached great importance to water, so almost every community in the city was designed around a well.Until now, one can still find dry wells in hutongs. Where there is such a lane, there is a story. In ancient times,the names of them were passed from mouth to mouth among people;there were no signposts in hutongs.It was not until the Ming and Qing Dynasties that the names of hutongs were written down gradually. 1.四合院：可译为 quadrangle courtyard，也可以用 courtyard house 或者 courtyard 表达。 2.高楼大厦：此处可译为 the high-rise buildings and large mansions，即“高层建 筑和大厦” 。 3.成为 的代表：可译为 become representatives of. 4.首选：可译为 first choice，而 best choice 则意为“最佳选择” 。 5.高度重视：可译为 attach great importance to.其中 importance 也可以用 much 修饰。 6.每条小巷中都有故亊：可译为 Where there is such a lane，there is a story.地道， 又与众不同。 深圳 深圳是中国改革开放以来的第一个经济特区，是中国改革开放的窗口，已发展为具有 一定影响力的国际化城市。它也是南方重要的髙新技术研发和制造基地。深圳有辽阔的海 域连接南海和太平洋。深圳毗邻香港，而且是中国最繁忙的集装箱港口 (container port) 之一。世界之窗是深圳的一个大型旅游景区。这里有世界上许多著名景观的复制品，如埃 及的金塔、意大利的比萨斜塔(Leaning Tower of Pisa)、北美的尼亚加拉潘布(Niagara Falls)等。 Shenzhen is Chinas first Special Economic Zone since reform and opening up. It is the window of Chinas reform and opening up and has developed into an international city with certain influence. It is also the important high-tech research and development and manufacturing base in South China. Shenzhen has a vast sea area which connects the South China Sea and the Pacific Ocean. Shenzhen is adjacent to Hong Kong and it is one of the busiest container ports in China. Window of the World is one of the major tourist attractions in Shenzhen. There are many famous miniature landscapes of the world; such as the pyramids of Egypt,the Leaning Tower of Pisa in Italy, Niagara Falls in North America and so on. 1.改革开放以来：“以来”译为 since，即 since reform and opening up. 2.高新技术研发和制造基地：可译为 high-tech research and development and manufacturing base. 3.南方：翻译时要采用增译法，译为 South China，便于读者理解。 4.深圳有辽阔的海域连接南海和太平洋：可用定语从句形式来翻译，译为 Shenzhen has a vast sea area which connects the South China Sea and the Pacific Ocean. 5.深圳毗邻香港：即 Shenzhen is adjacent to Hong Kong.其中“毗邻”可译为 be adjacent to. 6.大型旅游景区：可译为 major tourist attraction. 上海 上海位于长江入海口(river mouth),是中国最大的城市，同时也是一座历史文化名城和 著名的旅游城市。上海是中国最大的经济中心，是全国最重要的工业基地，也是重要的贸 易、金融和文化中心。上海港是世界第三大港。东方明珠电视塔(Oriental Pearl TV Tower)是上海的标志性建筑，矗立立在黄浦江边，塔髙 468 米， 是目前世界第三、亚洲 第一髙塔。外滩(The Bund)是上海最著名的旅游景点之 ，其建筑风格多样，有古今，有 中外，享有“万国建筑博览会”之称。 Located in the river mouth of the Yangtze River, Shanghai is Chinas largest city and a famous historical, cultural and tourist city. It is Chinas largest economic center, the most important national industrial base, and an important center of trade,finance and culture as well. Shanghai is the worlds third largest port. The Oriental Pearl TV Tower is a landmark in Shanghai. It stands along the Huangpu River, with a height of 468meters, and it is the worlds third highest and Asias highest tower. The Bund is one of Shanghais most famous tourist attractions. The architectural style there is diverse, both ancient and modern, home and abroad, thus making the Bund enjoy the title of the “exhibition of the worlds architecture“. 1.位于长江入海口：可译为 located in the river mouth of the Yangtze River. 2.上海是中国最大的经济中心，是全国最重要的工业基地，也是重要的贸易、金融和 文化中心：三个分句之间是并列关系，译成英语时也相应地译为并列句。 3.世界第三、亚洲第一高塔：可译为 the worlds third highest and Asias highest tower. 4.旅游景点：可译为 tourist attraction. 5.有古今，有中外：可译为 both ancient and modern，home and abroad. 6.万国建筑博览会：可译为 exhibition of the worlds architecture. 香港 香港是一座世界级城市，全球重要的国际金融、服务业及航运中心，并且以廉洁社会、 优良治安、经济自由及法律制度完备而闻名于世。香港是自由港，被称为“购物天堂” ，是 购物人士喜欢去的地方，绝大多数的货品没有关税(tariff),世界各地的物资都运到香港销售， 有些比原产地还便宜。著名景点海洋公园(Ocean Park)是一座亚洲最大的、具有现代设施 和多种娱乐项目的海洋博物馆。香港迪士尼乐园(HongKong Disneyland)的特色景点和经 典童话人物深深吸引着各地的游客。 Hong Kong is a world-class city.It is the worlds leading center of international finance, service industry and shipping. It is famous for a corruption-free society, good law and order, economic freedom and complete legal system. Hong Kong is a free port, and is called the “shopping paradise”where purchasers like to go shopping, because the vast majority of goods in Hong Kong are free from tariffs. Worldwide supplies are shipped to Hong Kong for sale, and some goods are even cheaper than those in the original place. The famous scenic spot Ocean Park is Asias largest maritime museum with modern facilities and a variety of entertainment activities. Distinct scenic spots and classic fairy tale characters in Hong Kong Disneyland deeply attract tourists around the world. 1.全球重要的国际金融、服务业及航运中心：本句的关键词是“中心” ，这类罗列型的 句子一般用 of 结构来翻译。 2.原产地：可译为 original place，这里的 original 意为“原始的，最初的” 。 original 是翻译时的常用词，还有“独创的，新颖的”之意，例如，original style 独特的 风格，original idea 别出心裁的主意。 3.著名景点海洋公园是一座亚洲最大的、具有现代设施和多种娱乐项目的海洋博物馆： 这句的修饰语很长，这样的句子翻译时要合理安排句子结构，避免一味罗列。 4.特色景点和经典童话人物：可译为 distinct scenic spots and classic fairy tale characters. 西双版纳 西双版纳与老挝(Laos)、緬甸(Myanmar)相连，邻近泰国和越南(Vietnam), 与泰国的 直线距离仅 20 公里。西双版纳具有非常独特的亚热带风光，而且动植物资源非常丰富， 素有“植物王国” 、 “动物王国” 、 “药材王国”的美称。西双版纳的意思是“理想而神奇的 乐土” ，这里以神奇的热带雨林自然最观和少数民族风情而闻名于世，是中国的热点旅游城 市之一。每年的泼水节(the Water-Sprinkling Festival)于 4 月 13 日至 15 日举行，吸引 了众多国内外的游客。 Xishuangbanna adjoins Laos and Myanmar and is close to Thailand and Vietnam. The straight-line distance from Xishuangbanna to Thailand is only more than 200 kilometers. Xishuangbanna has very unique subtropical scenery, and it is also rather rich in flora and fauna, thus enjoying the reputation of “Kingdom of Plants “Kingdom of Animals“ and “Kingdom of Medicine“. Xishuangbanna means “an ideal and magical paradise”. It is famous for natural landscapes of the magical rainforest and customs of national minorities.It is one of Chinas hot tourist cities.The annual Water-Sprinkling Festival lasting from April 13th to 15th attracts many tourists home and abroad. 1.句中 “与.相连 ”、 “邻近.”和“与. 的直线距离”可分别译为 adjoin,be close to 和 the straight-line distance from。 2.西双版纳具有非常独特的亚热带风光，而且动植物资源非常丰富，素有“植物王国” 、 “动物王国” 、 “药材王国”的美称:翻译该句时，可将前两个分句译成并列的形式，而第三 个分句则用现在分词形式表示，作全句的状语。 3.以 .闻名于世：可译为 be famous for。 4.热点旅游城市：可译为 hot tourist city。 承德避暑山庄 承德避暑山庄(the Chengde Mountain Resort)是淸代皇帝避暑和处理政务的场所。它的 最大特色是山中有园，园中有山。避暑山庄宫殿区位于湖泊南岸，地形(terrain)平坦，是皇帝 处理朝政、举行庆典和生活起居的地方。整个山庄东南多水，西北多山，是中国自然地貌的缩 影(microcosm) 。山庄整体布局巧用地形，与其他园林相比，有其独特的风格。山庄的建筑既 具有南方园林的特点，又多沿袭北方常用的手法，成为南北建筑艺术完美结合的典范。 The Chengde Mountain Resort was a place for emperors in the Qing Dynasty to spend the summer time and deal with the administrative affairs.Its most prominent feature is the gardens and mountains embodying each other.The palace area of the Mountain Resort is located at the south of the lake on flat terrain.The emperor lived, handled state affairs and held celebrations there.The Mountain Resort is a microcosm of Chinas natural landscape,with a great deal of water as in southeast China, and a great number of mountains as in northwest China.The overall layout of the Mountain Resort makes good use of the terrain, and has its unique style compared with other Chinese gardens.The architectural style of the Mountain Resort not only draws some features from southern gardens but also follows some common practices of northern architecture, modeling a perfect combination of southern and northern architectural art. 1.避暑和处理政务：其中 “避暑”可理解为“度过夏天” ，故译为 spend the summer time：“处理政务”译为 deal with administrative affairs. 2.山中有园，园中有山：可译为 the gardens and mountains embodying each other. 3.举行庆典：可译为 hold celebrations. 4.整个山庄东南多水，西北多山，是中国自然地貌的缩影：此处主句为“山庄是中国自然 地貌的缩影” ，可译为 The Mountain Resort is a microcosm of Chinas natural landscape“东南多水，西北多山”可作伴随状语，译为 with 引导的复合结构，即 with a great deal of water as in southeast China，and a great number of mountains as in northwest China. 5.巧用地形：其中 “巧用”即“充分利用” ，可译为 make good use of. 6.与其他园林相比，有其独特的风格：可译为 has its unique style compared with other Chinese gardens.其中 “compared”为过去分词作状语。 7.具有南方园林的特点：即 “源自南方园林的特点” ，译为 some features from. 8.沿袭北方常用的手法：其中“沿袭”可译为 follow;“常用的手法”可译为 common practice. 9.成为南北建筑艺术完美结合的典范：其中“ 的完美结合”可用 a perfect combination of表达。 中国四大发明 中国的四大发明包括指南针、火药、造纸术和印刷术，它们是中国在人类文明史上占 有重要地位的标志之一。第一个指南针产生于战国时期(the Warring States Period)，是 利用天然磁石(natural magnet)来辨别方向的一种简单仪器。火药发明于隋唐时期，主要 应用于军事领域，造纸术于东汉年间由蔡伦改进，使纸成为人们普遍使用的书写材料。印 刷术，又称活字印刷术，大大促进了文化的传播。四大发明对世界经济的发展和人类文化 的进步做出了巨大的贡献。 Four great inventions of China include the compass,gun powder,the paper- making technique and the printing technique.They are one of the marks that China occupies an important position in the history of human civilization.The first compass was invented during the Warring States Period.It was a simple device employing natural magnets to identify directions.Gunpowder was invented in Sui and Tang Dynasties and was mainly used in military areas.The paper-making technique was developed by Cai Lun in the Eastern Han Dynasty,making paper a commonly used writing material.The Printing technique,also called movable type printing,promoted the