四级议论文写作

议论文写作 1. 议论文的格式： 议论文的格式应由三个部分组成： 立论部分； 论证部分； 结论部分。 一般说来，议论文可分三个基本段落来写：第一段引出话题；第二段立论 且加以论证；第三段给出明确的结论。第二段是中心段落，应试者应将主要的 内容放在第二段中，同时也要注意开篇及结尾段落的完整性，且应尽量做到首 尾呼应，切忌前后矛盾。 2. 段落的统一性及语篇的连贯性 1) 段落的统一性英语段落有一大特点，即一个段落只涉及一个主题(甚至只 是一个主题的某个方面)。段落中的一个句子点出主题并说明作者对该主题的看 法，而其它所有句子都是为展开该主题而给出的事实、例证、推理，它们与主 题紧密相关。段落中不应有一个与主题无关的句子。英文段落的这种各个句子 与主题的关联性被称作段落的统一性。 2) 语篇的连贯性英语议论文的段落多采取直线展开式，即段落开始直接切入 主题，并给出事实、例证、推理等。英语议论文段落这种展开方式是形成其语 篇连贯的基础。语篇的连贯是指段落中各句的意义通过某种有序的排列(如时间 顺序、因果顺序、逻辑顺序等)而相互关联。在论述该段落主题的时候，每后一 个句子都是建立在前面一个句子的基础之上的。如果去掉段落中的一个句子， 这种连贯便会受到影响，就会造成读者在理解上的困难。 3. 议论文中心段落的主题句及其论据、议论文中常用的词句与短语 议论文中心段落的主题句及其论据 .一篇议论文能否获得高分与其中心段 落主题句的质量不无关联，而主题句质量的高低则又取决于审题的好坏和论据 的选择( 即所选的论据在逻辑性、说理性、准确性及与主题内容的关联性等方面 是否都经得起推敲)。需要明确的是，中心段落只应有两个组成部分：段落的主 题句和支持主题句的论据。段落的主题句也应有两个部分组成，即：主题句=主 题 作者对主题的看法或态度，两者缺一不可。假设应试者被要求写一篇有关吸 烟的议论文，那么 SMOKING 就是中心段落的主题一般说来，议论文要求应 试者阐明自己对某问题的看法或态度。因此当我们拿到议论文的题目以后，要 认真审题，权衡某事的利与弊，然后确定我们的立场。如何构建段落的主题句 呢？拿到议论文的题目以后，经认真审题后，用英文列出你所能想起的与主题 有关的例证。 Argumentation 型 1） some, others, I 型 （ 1）模版一 There is no consensus among the people as to the view of _ (主题). Some people hold the idea that _ (观点 A). A case in point is that _ (支持观点 A 的例子). On the other hand, others may have a quite different view. According to them, _ (观点 B). The most typical example is that _ (支持观点 B 的例子 ). Weighing the pros and cons of these arguments, I am inclined to agree with the latter. Admittedly, the former point of view seems reasonable in saying to some extent, but the latter is more convincing. （ 2）模版二 _ (主题) is a common occurrence in our lives. The attitudes toward this issue vary from person to person. Some people tend to _ when they are asked _ (观点 A) because _ (支持观点 A 的原因). The most typical example is that _ (支持观点 A 的例子 ). However, others argue that _ (观点 B). They point out that _ (重申观点 B) for the reason that _ (支持观点 B 的原因). As far as I am concerned, I will choose to _ (你的观点) because this choice fits my personality and my life-long belief. 2） My View 型 （ 1）模版一 When asked about _ (主题), some people hold the idea that _ (观点 A). As far as they are concerned, _ (展开观点 A). But I could not agree with them in several points. In my opinion, _ (观点 B). The reasons for my choice are listed as follows. In the first place, _ (支持观点 B 的理由 1). In the second place, _ (支持观点 B 的理由 2). In the third place, _ (支持观点 B 的理由 3). For the reasons mentioned above, I firmly believe _ (重申观点 B). （ 2）模版二 Some people believe that _ (观点 A). For instance, they hold the idea that _ (支持观点 A 的例子). And it may bring them _ (A 带给他们的 好处). In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point. For one thing, _ (我不同意的理由 1). For another, _ (我不同意的理由 2). As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. For me, I agree to the thought that _ (重申自己的观点). 3）利弊型 （ 1）模版一 Nowadays many people prefer _ (主题) because it plays a significant role in our daily life. Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows. On the one hand, _ (主题的优点 1). On the other hand, _ (主题的优点 2). But everything can be divided into two. The negative aspects are also apparent. One of the important disadvantages is that _ (主题的缺点 1). To make matters worse, _ (主题的缺点 2). Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects far outweigh its negative aspects. Whatever effects it has, one thing is certain, _ (主题) itself is neither good nor bad. It is the uses to which it is put that determine its value to our society. （ 2）模版二 With the development of science and human civilization, many formerly unimaginable things come into reality. Some of them have positive effects on our life, but some are distasteful. The phenomenon of _ (主题现象) is an example of the former / latter one. There are many factors that may account for it, and the following are the most conspicuous aspects. To start with, _ (原因 1). Furthermore, _ (原因 2). Eventually, _ (原因 3). Good as _ (主题现象) is, it has, unfortunately, its disadvantages. The apparent example is that _ (缺点例子 1). In addition, _ (缺点例子 2). On the whole, the phenomenon is one of the results of the progress of the modern society. There is still a long way for us to improve / eliminate _ (主题现象) and make our life more comfortable. 例文习作 Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic The Internet. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in hinese: 1. 有人认为网络可以让学习、工作更有效率 2. 还有人认为网络让青少年沉迷，进而影响学习 3. 你对于网络的看法 The Internet In the era of information and technology, the Internet has played an improtant role in our society. With the Internet, its easy to get the information we need, improving the efficiency of our study and work. We cant deny that it is impossible for lots of people to achieve great success in the modern society without the Internet. However, some people think that the Internet has a bad effect on the growth of the teenagers. The teenagers are too young to resist some temptations from the Internet. Some of them indulge themselves in the Internet and at last are lured away from the study. In my opinion, we should pay more attention to the advantages of the Internet and make the most of it. Meanwhile, we should teach the teenagers how to use the Internet positively, and make the Internet a tool for their healthy development. Recreational Activities （ 1） 21st century has brought with it an unprecedented variety of recreational activities ranging from traditional outdoor activities such as playing ball games to all kinds of online ones, the latter of which is a great appeal to the young generation. So Id like to narrow my topic down to online recreational activities. It goes without saying that various activities brought by modern technology have greatly broadened our horizon and brought much excitement to us. With access to the Internet, you can get to know people from any country in the world and you can talk with them, play games with them - a temptation very hard to resist, and even see them via web cam. The disadvantage, however, is that anyone who lacks self-control would very easily get lost and become addicted to the online world, which in turn might seriously affect their life, work and interpersonal relationships. As a college student, I think what really matters is to make better choice and exert more discipline. Wed better take advantage of good online recreational activities to enrich our lives and broaden the scope of knowledge. When it comes to those addictive, time-consuming and less meaningful activities, I think to stay away from them is a wise decision. Recreational Activities（ 2） With the development of living standard, people spend more time on various forms of recreational activities. People can do sports, singing karaoke, go dancing, go to the movies, play video games or online games, or surf the Internet. Recreational activities are good to peoples health, both physically and mentally. Sports and dancing can keep people fit. Singing karaoke, playing video games or online games can satisfy peoples imagination. Surfing the Internet can bring people a lot of information and knowledge. However, recreational activities might be harmful if people are addicted. Spending too much time on recreational activities will seriously influence peoples normal lives, especially work and study. Therefore, people will benefit from recreational activities only if they take part in them properly. Direction: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic On Stress. You should write no less than 120 words and base your composition on the online below: 1.有的人害怕压力。 2.有的人认为压力并不是一件坏事。 3.我的看法。 On Stress With the fast are pace of modern life, more and more people are living under great pressure. Some people are afraid of pressure. They think that the stresses and strains of work deprive them of joy and happiness. In their view, stress does harm to them both physically and mentally. That is why they prefer something less competitive and strenuous to something more demanding and challenging. Others argue that stress isnt as bad as it often supposed to be. Unless it is overwhelming, a certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation and stimulation. With out stress, you may slack off and idle away your time. It gives purpose and meaning to an otherwise meaningless, dull life. People under stress tend to bring their potential into full play and to realize their goals. In my opinion, we shouldnt escape from stress but to face it as it is. What we can do is to adapt to the stress and to profit from it rather than to avoid it. Direction: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Cars and Air Pollution. You should write no less than 120 words and base your composition on the outline below: 1.私家轿车越来越多，有些问题随之产生。 2.比较明显的大问题有 3.我对这种现象的看法。 Car and Air Pollution Too many cars have created a lot of serious problems in our world. Besides congestion, accidents and fast fuel consumption, cars are responsible for a good part of air pollution in big cities. All the time, they are pumping huge amounts of waste gases into the atmosphere. These gases are very harmful, causing disease and even death. One possible solution is to design and develop clean cars and clean fuels. In Shanghai, some of the public buses begin to run on natural gas, which does not give off as much carbon dioxide as the petrol. But it may take decades for the new models of clean cars completely replace the traditional ones. Another solution is to develop modern public transportation systems and restrict the use of private cars. If the price of petrol rises constantly and the public vehicles are efficient and convenient enough, most people will not buy private cars. And the total number of cars in big cities will reduce greatly. On the whole, the elimination of air pollution needs the collective efforts from the government, the public and the environmentalists Directions: The summer vacation is drawing near. You, Liming by name, want to find a part-time job. Write an application letter of about 120-150 words within 30 minutes. Dear Sirs, Im Li Ming, a sophomore majoring in English at XX University. I read in yesterdays newspaper that you are looking for a part-time secretary and I think Ill prove to be a real find for you. During the past two years at university, Ive taken over 18 compulsory and optional course, and have according improved my ability of English listening, speaking, reading, writing and translation considerably. Besides, I have learned a lot about foreign relations and trade. At leisure, I always try to grasp every precious opportunity to practice English with native speakers. As a matter of fact, Ive already tried some translation and interpretation jobs. I once worked as a temporary interpreter at the East China Export Commodities Fair. In addition, during the past two years, I have been working as a part-time tour guide. My jobs offered me good opportunities to improve my English and work competence and I enjoy them very much. Two weeks from now, I will be on holiday again. If you can grant me the honor to work for your company as a secretary for two months, Id feel obliged. Thank you for reading my application letter. Im looking forward to your reply. Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: School or Major. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline below: 1.选择报考的高校时，有人先考虑大学的名气，有人先考虑专业是否热门。 2.如果两者不能兼顾，你先考虑哪个？为什么？ School or Major Recent years have witnessed a steady increase in the popularity of such majors as international finance, finance and accountancy, international trade and business administration. In the meantime, whether to choose good university or a good major has provoked a debate. It is true that graduates from prestigious universities are popular in talent markets, so, many students would spare no efforts to be enrolled in good universities. To them, entering a good university means standing on the threshold of a promising career after graduation. But, a good university can give you confidence as well as much competitive pressure and even the best university has unpopular majors, thus in todays job-hunting society, graduates from these majors could encounter much difficulty in finding a job, let alone a good one, which means they are out of job immediately after graduation. How about a good majo