大学英语四级作文写作技巧

幻灯片 4 英语四、六级写作基本文体 首先要指出的是，四、六级作文在准备和对策上是基本一致的，因为两者评分标准基 本一致，除了字数上的差距，四级 120 词，六级 150 词。英语考试的作文大体可以分 为： 1、正反论证 2、原因现象描述类； 3、图表； 4、名言谚语。 5、信件。所谓的写信，无非就是在这四类的基础上，套用信件的格式而已。 幻灯片 5 作文得分技巧总结 1、 卷面整洁，书写清楚 2、 构思简单，少犯错误 3、 中心突出，层次分明 4、 固定经典，名言注目 5、 重在变化，宁简勿烂 幻灯片 6 写作的“七项基本原则” 1、长短句原则 As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite similar. 强烈建议：在文章第一段（开头）用一长一短，且先长后短；在文章主体部分，要先 用一个短句解释主要意思，然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式，定 会让主体部分妙笔生辉！文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。 幻灯片 7 2、主题句原则 主题句通常放在句首 To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared before the exam（主题句）. Without sufficient preparation, you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly. 幻灯片 8 3、阐述观点的一二三原则 （1）first, second, third, last（不推荐，原因：俗） （2）firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally（不推荐，原因：俗） （3）the first, the second, the third, the last（不推荐，原 因：俗） （4）in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly（不推荐，原因：俗） （5）to begin with, then, furthermore, finally（强烈推荐） （6）to start with, next, in addition, finally（强烈推荐） （7）first and foremost, besides, last but not least（强烈推荐） （8）most important of all, moreover, finally （9）on the one hand, on the other hand（适用于两点的情况） （10）for one thing, for another thing（适用于两点的情况） 幻灯片 9 4、短语优先原则 写作时，尤其是在考试时，如果使用短语，有两个好处：其一、用短语会使文章增加 亮点，如果老师们看到你的文章太简单，看不到一个自己不认识的短语，你的得分率 将会降低；相反，如果发现一些精彩的短语，你的文章定会得高分。其二、关键时刻 思维短路，只有凑字数，怎么办？用短语是一个办法！比如： I cannot bear it.可以用短语表达：I cannot put up with it. I want it.可以用短语表达：I am looking forward to it. 幻灯片 10 5、多实少虚原则 原因很简单，写文章还是应该写一些实际的东西，不要空话连篇。这就要求一定要多 用实词，少用虚词。所谓虚词是指那些比较大的词。比如我们说一个很好的时候，不 应该只说 nice 这样空洞的词，应该使用一些诸如 generous, humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted, hospital 之类的形象词。再比如： 走出房间，general 的词是：walk out of the room 但是小偷走出房间应该说：slip out of the room 小姐走出房间应该说：sail out of the room 小孩走出房间应该说：dance out of the room 老人走出房间应该说：stagger out of the room 幻灯片 11 6、多变句式原则 （1）加法（串联） 写长句的方法就是这些，可以在任何句子之间加 and,但最好是前后的句子又先后关系 或者并列关系。比如说： I enjoy music and he is fond of playing guitar. 如果是二者并列的，我们可以用一个超级句式： Not only the fur coat is soft, but it is also warm. 其它的短语可以用： besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover 幻灯片 12 （2）转折（拐弯抹角） 批评某人缺点的时候，我们总习惯先拐弯抹角说说他的优点，然后转入正题，再 说缺点，写文章的时候只要在要点之前先来点废话，注意二者之间用个转折词就够了。 The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition. The coat was thin, but it was warm. 更多的短语： despite that, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, despite, notwithstanding 幻灯片 13 （3）因果（so, so, so） 昨天在街上我看到了一个女孩，然后我主动搭讪，然后我们去咖啡厅，然后我们 认识了，然后我们成为了朋友可见，讲故事的时候我们总要追求先后顺序，先什么， 后什么，所以然后这个词就变得很常见了。其实这个词表示的是先后或因果关系！ The snow began to fall, so we went home. 更多短语： then, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a result, for this reason, so that 幻灯片 14 （4）失衡句（头重脚轻，或者头轻脚重） 文章中如果出现失衡句子，更会让考官看到你的句子与众不同。其实就是主语从句， 表语从句，宾语从句的变形。 This is what I can do. Whether he can go with us or not is not sure. 同样主语、宾语、表语可以改成如下的复杂成分： When to go, Why he goes away 幻灯片 15 （5）附加（多此一举） 在句子中穿插定语从句和同位语从句或者是插入语，使句子有变化。 The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine. I dont enjoy that book you are reading. Mr liu, our oral English teacher, is easy-going. 附加法其实很简单：同位语要解释的东西删除后不影响整个句子的构成；定语从 句借用之前的关键词并且用其重新组成一个句子插入其中，但是 whom /that 关键词必 须要紧跟在先行词之前。 幻灯片 16 （6）排比（排山倒海句） 文学作品中最吸引人的地方莫过于此，如果非要让你的文章更加精彩的话，那么我希 望你引用一个个的排比句，一个个的对偶句，一个个的不定式，一个个地词，一个个 的短语，如此表达将会使文章有排山倒海之势！ Whether your tastes are modern or traditional, sophisticated or simple, there is plenty in London for you. Nowadays, energy can be obtained through various sources such as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean tides. We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, to realize our potentials and to pay for our life.（气势恢宏） 幻灯片 17 7、挑战极限原则 既然是挑战极限，必然是比较难的，但是并非不可攀！原理：在学生的文章中， 很少发现诸如独立主格的句子，其实也很简单，只要花上 5 分钟的时间看看就可以领 会，它就是分词的一种特殊形式，分词要求主语一致，而独立主格则不然。比如： The weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb the Western Hills. Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about three times that of China. 幻灯片 18 议论文写作的基本模式 从 2006 年 6 月四级改革以来，议论文已经成为四级作文的绝对主流，无论是学生还是 老师，都对此类题目进行了充分的准备。对于这种类型的文章，写作框架如下： 第一段：现象背景介绍+引出话题（公众观点+大概理由） ； 第二段：关于话题的相关因素（影响，作用，好处，危害或原因等） ； 第三段：陈述自己观点或预期未来。 组成一篇文章的三要素是：结构，内容和语言。对于此类型的文章，同学们是很难在 结构上略胜一筹的； 至于具体内容，也完全不需要推陈出新，因为批卷老师是完全没 有时间仔细看理由的。所以，如何体现我们的写作能力和文章价值，关键在于文章遣 词造句的质量。 此类文章的高分原则为：第一，在文章中必须有五个左右的衔接词，来体现逻辑性。 第二，用词尽量避免重复，体现语言的灵活和升级。第三，尽量使用非陈述句式，如 倒装、被动、虚拟语气及插入语等。 幻片 19 辩论式议论文模版 1 Some people believe (argue, recognize, think) that 观点 1. But other people take an opposite side. They firmly believe that 观点 2. As for me, I agree to the former/latter idea. There are a dozen of reasons behind my belief. First of all, 论据 1. More importantly, 论据 2. Most important of all, 论据 3. In summary, 总结观点. As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心.或: From above, we can predict that 预测. 幻灯片 20 辩论式议论文模版 People hold different views about X. Some people are of the opinion that 观 点 1, while others point out that 观点 2. As far as I am concerned, the former/latter opinion holds more weight. For one thing, 论据 1. For another, 论据 2. Last but not the least, 论据 3. To conclude, 总结观点. As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心.或 From above, we can predict that 预测. 幻灯片 21 辩论式议论文模版 3 There is no consensus of opinions among people about X(争论的焦点)。 Some people are of the view that 观点 1，while others take an opposite side, firmly believing that 观点 2。As far as I am concerned, the former/latter notion is preferable in many senses. The reasons are obvious. First of all, 论据 1。 Furthermore, 论据 2。 Among all of the supporting evidences, one is the strongest. That is, 论据 3。 A natural conclusion from the above discussion is that 总结观点。 As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心. 或 From above, we can predict that 预测. 幻灯片 22 1.利弊议论文 Model 1 It is a new thing that credit cards have been widely used by college students. Many people welcome this new development while others have expressed their concern about this. Those who take sides against this new trend believe that because some college students have no proper sense of consumption. One common argument, however, for the using of credit cards on campus_ is that some college students have no proper sense of consumption. Of the two views discussed above, I am in favor of the former. My reason is that if college students realize the advantages of using credit cards, they will accept this modern way of consumption . 幻灯片 23 Model 2 As is known to all, there has been a wave of _. There are many advantages (disadvantages) of this modern way. First of all, _. In the second place, _. Lastly, _.In a word, _. 幻灯片 24 Model 3 When asked about _, different people will offer different opinions. Some people take it for granted that _. In their mind, _. Besides, _.However, others hold that _. They maintain that _. Weighting up these two arguments, I am for the first one. For one thing, _. For another, _. Therefore, as stated above, _. 幻灯片 25 Model 4 _ is becoming more popular in _, especially among _. Today, its certainly difficult to think of _. There are several reasons for its popularity. First, _. Second, _.However, in terms of _. 幻灯片 26 个人观点议论文 Model (1) Nowadays more and more people pay more attention to college students using credit cards_. Some people argue that this will lead to a tendency of college students spending money without limitation while others firmly hold that college students are adults and they have the ability to choose whatever way of spending money In my opinion, I think this question should be probed in depth. On one hand, the first group is not totally correct because money in a credit card is not countless and the host bank has certain strict disciplines of using credit cards. On the other hand, the second group seems not quite right because there are really some college students who have no self-control when it comes the spending of money. In a word, we can see clearly that the key lies in college students self-control when they go shopping with credit cards. Otherwise the advantages of using credit cards may become a burden to them. 幻灯片 27 Model (2) It becomes a common tendency these days for people to _. Many people are opposed to _ because they think_. They also argue that _. In my mind, however, I cant agree with _. At the same time, _. In addition, _. In conclusion, _. 幻灯片 28 Model (3) _ has been one medium of communication that has connected all the people around world. More and more people tend to concern the _, because it is so _ that _. The advantages of _ are obvious to some people. For one thing, in terms of _, _. As a result, _. Consequently, _. For another thing, _. Personally, I side with the former opinion. Because _. However, _. 幻灯片 29 Model (4) Presently, one phenomenon calls for people s attention that _. In general, _. For one thing, _. (For example, _.) For another, _. As far as I am concerned, _. To sum up, _. 幻灯片 30 3.解决方法类议论文 Model (1) If you fail the exam what will you feel? Of course, you will feel Sad because have to go over what you have learned again. Besides this, there are also other reasons for your sorrow. For one thing, you will not allowed to have a further study on this subject, For another, your parents and your teachers will be very disappointed at you . No easy solution can be taken to cope with the problem of using disposable plastic bags, but if we want to make our environment clean, we must take certain measures . Therefore, my viewpoint is that our government should at first ban the producing of disposable plastic bags There is no doubt that this is the most effective way of solving this problem. 幻灯片 31 Model (2) Most of us today recognize that _environmental pollution_ has been a greatly serious problem. Therefore, we should take some measures to deal with it.From above, we can find that the reasons why _credit cards are very popular_, are as follows, the primary reason, I think, _is that using credit cards is very convenient_. For example, _you can put lots of money into one card instead of cash_. However, _you must remember the code of each credit card. Second,if your credit card is lost, you can easily apply for a new one without losing money in it_. The third reason actually is the result of _college students sense of consumption_. 幻灯片 32 Model (3) Therefore, _. Moreover, _. Lets make our good efforts, and _. 幻灯片 33 writing task: Recreational activities Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled “Recreational activities“. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below. 1.娱乐活动多种多样。 2.娱乐活动可以使人们受益，也可能带来危害。 3.作为大学生， 我认为 幻灯片 34 P1 。Everyone needs some recreational activities to help them relax after a days work or study. And there are many recreational activities available to us in todays society. For example, sports fans may choose to play basketball or football. Or one may take a break by watching TV or listening to music. P2。Among the large number of recreational activities, some are carefully designed and can be beneficial to us. For example, playing basketball can help us get stronger and healthier. It can also enrich friendships while we play together with our teammates. However, some activities may cause harm, especially to young people who are curious about everything but are unable to control themselves. Playing computer games is one such activity. Many college students play them every day. Some students even develop addictions and skip school or stay up late into the night to play them. This can affect their study and health. Recreational activities 幻灯片 35 P3。As college students, we should strike a balance between work and rest.Recreation is of great importance to our life, but study is our primary task. If we want to play, we need to know clearly which activities are good and which are bad. At the same time, we should exercise self-control so that we wont get addicted to some bad activities. 幻灯片 36 2. 各种题型的写作方法。 对比选择型：基本方法为：阐述一种观点或态度并表明这种观点或态度正确的理由;阐述 第二种(相对或相反的)观点或态度并说明这种观点或态度正确的理由; 表明个人支持或反对 以上观点或态度，并说明原因。 现象解释型：基本方法为：描述现象分析原因对现象做出预测或如何促进( 限制)这种 现象的进一步发展。 问题解决型：基本方法为：提出问题分析问题解决问题。 观点论证型：基本方法为：分析主题得出结论举例论证得出结论(证明观点的正确 性)。 应用文基本方法为：分析所给情景选择写作方法。 幻灯片 37 三段式作文的结构安排 幻灯片 38 现象解 释型模板一 幻灯片 39 现象解释型作文模板二 Recently, . 描述现象，引起话题 What amazes us most is 表现较为典型的一个方面 It is true that . 对于现象做出的评论There are many reasons explaining 承上启下,解 释这一现象的原因The main reason is 说明原因一What is more, 原因二Thirdly, 原因三 As a result, . 讲述导致的结果Considering all these, . 作者的态度For one thin