博士入学考试英语中常见的翻译词汇

分类词汇 homogeneous 同质的 homo + gene +ous( heterogeneous) homo*ual, hetero*ual mainstream 主流 主流的 dialect 方言 (v.s. accent) discrepancy 差异 misconception 误解 (mis + concept + ion)= misunderstanding barrier 障碍( 物) bar, = barricade discrimination 区别，歧视 racial/*ual discrimination? discriminate (+against) hierarchy 等级制度 heir + arch(govern) + y insularity 岛国性质 (? insular, island)British industry has often been criticized for its linguistic insularity. microcosm 小天地 micro + cosm(os) nostalgia = homesickness patriot 爱国者 ( traitor) patriotic, patriotism notoriety 恶名 (? notorious) counterpart 对应人，对等物 Whos George Bushs counterpart in China? counterculture, counterbalance peer 同等的人 凝视，窥视( peep) subordinate 下级 下级的 superior tactics 战术，技巧 v.s. strategy (战略，策略)marketing strategy v.s. selling tactics nuance a subtle difference in meaning compatriot 同胞 同胞的 com + patriot vernacular 本地的，本国的 本地话，本国话 the vernacular languages of India Hispanic An American whose first language was Spanish immigration 移入 immigrant, immigratev.s. emigration ( emigrant, emigrate) antipodes Any two places or regions on diametrically opposite sides of the Earth“from North America to the Antipodes” permeate 渗透，弥漫 Smoke permeated the house. entrepreneur 企业家 ( enterprise) entrepreneurship practitioner 开业者，从业者 praction(practice) + er celebrity a famous person= luminary, VIP proxy 代理人 anecdote 轶事 ( anecdotal) benchmarking 类比分析 punctual 准时的，守时的 ( punctuality) absenteeism 旷工 absent absentee absenteeism flextime 弹性工作时间 flex(flexible) + time harass 骚扰 ( harassment)Mary said that Gary had *ually harassed her. redundancy 冗余，冗员 network redundancy downsize 裁员 ( lay off) ballot 投票 (= vote) impartial 不偏不倚的 ( partial) lobby 大堂(n.) 游说(v.) dubbing 配音录制 2 vogue 时尚 chic bizarre 奇异的 v.s. weird (怪异的) mediocre 平庸的 dietitian 饮食学家 ( diet) connoisseur 行家，鉴赏家 entre, a la carte shortlist (BE) a list of applicants who have been deemed suitable and from which the successful person will be chosen (v.) equilibrium 平衡，均衡 questionnaire 调查表，问卷 quantitative 定量的 ( qualitative) contingency 偶然性，偶然事件 incur 招致 incur debts/hatred/dangerv.s. occur, concur, recur ethical 伦理的，符合伦理的 ethics, unethical dubious 疑惑的，可疑的 ( doubt)People were dubious about the result. manifestation 显示，证明 (? manifest) subtitle 字幕，副标题 (sub + title) subsidiary, submarine, subway (BE: underground, tube), suburb( downtown, uptown, outskirts 考博英语翻译中可能涉及的热点词汇 总裁助理 assistant president 综合治理 comprehensive treatment 安居工程 housing project for low-income urban residents 信息化 information-based; informationization 智力密集型 concentration of brain power; knowledge-intensive 外资企业 overseas-funded enterprises 下岗职工 laid-off workers 分流 reposition of redundant personnel 三角债 chain debts 素质教育 education for all-round development 豆腐渣工程 jerry-built projects 社会治安情况 law-and-order situation 民族国家 nation state 台独“independence of Taiwan“ 台湾当局 Taiwan authorities 台湾同胞 Taiwan compatriots 台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分。Taiwan is an inalienable part ofthe Chinese territory. 西部大开发 Development of the West Regions 可持续性发展 sustainable development 风险投资 risk investment 通货紧缩 deflation 扩大内需 to expand domestic demand 计算机辅助教学 computer-assisted instruction ( CAI ) 网络空间 cyberspace 3 虚拟现实 virtual reality 网民 netizen ( net citizen ) 电脑犯罪 computer crime 电子商务 the e-business 网上购物 shopping online 应试教育 exam-oriented education 学生减负 to reduce study load 下岗 laid-off workers 下海 plunge into the commercial sea 下网 off line 小康之家 well-off family; comfortably-off family 新秀 up-and-coming star, rising star 新新人类 New Human Being ； X Generation 信息港 info port 形象小姐 / 先生 image representative of a product or a brand 虚拟网 virtual net 学生处 students affairs division 研究生毕业证 / 学位证 graduate diploma/graudate degreesdiploma 摇钱树 cash cow 以人为本 people oriented; people foremost 义务教育 compulsory education 易拉罐 pop can 应试教育 examination-oriented education system 舆论导向 direction of public opinion 运球 dribble 在职博士生 on-job doctorate 早恋 puppy love 招生就业指导办公室 enrolment and vocation guidance office 证券营业部 stock exchange; security exchange 知识产权 intellectual property rights 中专生 secondary specialized or technical school student 中流砥柱 mainstay, chief corner stone 专卖店 exclusive agency; franchised store 自我保护意识 self-protection awareness 综合国力 comprehensive national strength 综合业务数字网 integrated service digital network (ISDN) 公正、公平、公开 just, fair and open 好莱坞大片 Hollywood blockbuster 黄金时段 prime time 假唱 lip-synch 劲射 power shot 拉拉队 cheering squad 来电显示电话机 caller ID telephone 论文答辩 (thesis) oral defense 4 泡沫经济 bubble economy 票贩子 scalper, ticket tout 拳头产品 competitive products; knock-out products; blockbuster 三角恋爱 love triangle 三 维 动 画 片 three-dimensional animation “ 扫黄 “ 、 “ 打非 “ eliminate pornography and illegalpublications 申办奥运会 bid for the Olympic Games 实现中华民伟大复兴 bring about a great rejuvenation of the Chinesenation 市场疲软 sluggish market 素质教育 education for all-around development 筒子楼： tube-shaped apartment 脱贫致富 cast (shake, throw) off poverty and set out on a road toprosperity 网吧 Internet bar 网恋 online love affair 网上冲浪 surf the Internet 网上交易平台 online trading platform 网友 net friend 无人售票 self-service ticketing 无绳来电显示电话 cordless telephone with caller ID 无线应用协议 WAP （ wireless application protocol ） 附录: 英语翻译与写作常用动宾词组 一、政治类： 把捐给慈善机构 donate to charities 把看成社会公敌 look upon as a threat to society 把列为基本国策 listas fundamental national policies 把作为指导 take as the guide 把理论和实际结合起来 integrate theory with practice 把握大局 grasp the overall situation 摆脱贫穷落后 get rid of poverty and backwardness 保护妇女权利不受侵犯 guarantee (protect) womens rights against infringement 采取各种措施 adopt various measures 参政、议政 participate in the management of State affairs 充满信心和力量 be filled with confidence and strength 打破僵局 break the deadlock 打破禁区 break off a forbidden zone 得出结论 draw ( arrive at, come to reach ) a conclusion 锻造一支人民军队 forge a peoples army 对具有深远的影响 have a far-reaching impact on 对做出重要(巨大)贡献 make important (great, major )contributions to 反对各种形式的恐怖主义 be opposed to all forms of terrorism 反腐倡廉 combat corruption and build a clean government 高举伟大旗帜 hold high the great banner 给带来机遇和挑战 present (bring) both opportunities and challenges to 根除 (防止,消除)腐败 root out (prevent, eliminate) corruption 5 观察当今世界 observe the present-day world 缓和紧张状况 ease the tension 回顾奋斗历程 review the course of struggle 加快改革步伐 accelerate the speed of reform 加强舆论监督 ensure that the correct orientation is maintained in public opinion 坚持改革开放政策 adhere to the reform and open policy 坚持统一，反对分裂，增加 persist in reunification, oppose separation, increase 了解，化解歧见 understanding and iron out differences 减轻农民负担 alleviate farmers burden 解放思想 emancipate our minds 解决温饱问题 solve the problem of food and clothing 解决新问题 resolve new problems 进入世界先进行列 edge into the advanced ranks in the world 进入新时期 enter a new period 进行和谈 hold peace talks 进行战略性调整 make strategic readjustment 就接受妥协 accept a compromise on 开发西部 remake the west 开始生效 go into effect (enter into force) 开拓前进 open up new ways forward 科教兴国 rejuvenate our country through science and education 理顺关系 rationalize the relationship 履行权利和义务 perform the responsibilities and obligations 迈出重要的一步 make an important step 热爱和平 love peace 深化改革 deepen the reform 审时度势 size up the situation 实现发展繁荣 bring about development and prosperity 实现民族独立 realize national independence 实现夙愿 fulfill the long-cherished wishes 实现小康目标 achieve the goal of ensuring our people a relative comfortable life 实现中华民族伟大复兴 bring about a great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation 实行新政策 practice new policies 受到全世界广泛关注 attract extensive attention worldwide 缩小差别 bridge (narrow) the gap 完成中华民族的振兴大业 implement the revitalization of our nation 维护世界和平 maintain world peace 吸收各国文明的先进成果 absorb what is advanced in other civilizations 下放权力给 delegate the management of . (to .) production (commercialize laboratory achievements) 退还大量钱款 give back an amount of money 6 脱贫致富 cast (shake, throw) off poverty and set out on a road to prosperity 完善服务 perfect services 为带来多种经济和社会效益 bring multiple economic and social benefits to 为提供巨大商机 present huge business opportunities 吸收游资 absorb idle fund 吸引外商投资 attract foreign investment 下海 plunge into the commercial sea 陷入困境 land oneself in deep trouble 向投资巨额资金 invest huge amounts of money into 消灭假冒伪劣产品 wipe out fake products 以经济建设为中心 focus on the central task of economic construction 以质量求生存、求发展、求效益 strive for survival, development and efficiency on the basis of equality 优胜劣汰 select the superior and eliminate the inferior 优先发展公共运输 give priority to the development of public transportation 有巨大潜力 have huge potential for 与国际市场接轨 integrate with the world market; become integrated into the global market 在建立分公司 set up branches in 造成很大压力 pose a big pressure on 造成损失 cause a loss to 增加农业投入 invest more in agriculture 占领市场 10% occupy (take, account for ) 10 percent of the market 招商引资 attract (bid for, invite) investments (from overseas) 制订法律 make a law of 制定优惠政策 work out favorable policy 制造假象 create smoke screens to do 阻碍的经济发展 handicap (hamper) the economic development 阻止人才流失 stop the talent flight (brain drain) 遵循市场经济的规律 follow the law of market economy 三、文化生活类 把列为世界自然文化遗产 list as a world natural heritage site 摆架子(摆谱儿) put on airs (show off, keep up appearances) 保护文化遗产 protect cultural heritage (relics) 博采各国文化之长 draw on strong point of the cultures of other countries 不注重历史 neglect history 采取保护态度 take protective attitude 承担应有的义务 undertake the due obligations 承前启后，继往开来 build on the past and prepare for the future, inherit the past and usher in the future 充分发挥知识分子的积极性 give full play to the initiative and creativity of intellectuals 和创造性 7 触击现行法律的盲区 touch a blank area of the existing law 创建卫生城市 build a nationally advanced clean city 辞旧迎新 bid farewell to the old and usher in the new (ring out the old year and ring in the new) 从事电子商务工作 conduct e-commerce 促进儿童身心健康发展 promote the healthy development of children both physically and mentally 促进交流 promote the communication 促进文化市场健康发展 facilitate the sound development of the markets for cultural products 促进相互了解 enhance (further) mutual understanding 得到群众的广泛支持 enjoy grass-root support 抵住的诱惑 resist the temptation of 对持欢迎态度 take a welcoming attitude to 对情有独钟 show special preference (favor) to 发挥的聪明才智 develop ones own talents and wisdom 发挥潜力 tap ones potential 繁荣文学艺术 enable literature and art to flourish promote flourishing literature and art 反映中国的灿烂文化 reflect the rich culture of China 放下架子 relinquish haughty airs (get off ones high horse, throw off ones airs) 腐蚀人的灵魂 poison ones mind 改进教学 improve teaching and learning 给学生减负 alleviate the burden on students 和持相同观点 share views similar to 互派访问学者 exchange visiting scholars 激发旅游热情 stimulate enthusiasm for traveling 继承历史文化优秀传统 carry on the fine cultural traditions handed from history carry on the fine historical and cultural traditions 加强文化基础设施建设 build more cultural establishments 讲诚信，反欺诈 honor credibility and oppose cheating 交换意见 exchange views (ideas, opinions) 教书育人 impart knowledge and educate people 经受住暴风雨的考验 weather the storm 精心编写教材 compile the textbooks with great care 净化因特网 purify the Net 举办文化节(展览会) hold (conduct, give) cultural festivals (an exhibition) 举行学术会议 hold an academic meeting 开创假日经济 initiate Holiday Economy 开发潜力 exploit ones potential 开阔视野 widen ones vision (horizon) 开设课程 offer courses 开展对外文化交流 conduct cultural exchange with other countries 8 开展群众性文化活动 carry out mass activities on culture 攀登事业的高峰 climb ones career ladder 评估学业成绩 evaluate academic scores (achievements) 破除迷信 eradicate superstition 普及九年制义务教育 make nine-year compulsory education universal 普及科普知识，传播科学 popularize scientific and technological knowledge, spread 思想，倡导科学精神 scientific thought and advocate the scientific spirit 启发学生 enlighten the students 容纳三千名旅客 accommodate 3000 passengers 扫除文盲 eliminate (wipe out) illiteracy 上网 get on (have access to, be wired to) Internet 实施以德育为核心、以创新 carry on the quality education centering on moral education 挑选选手 choose players 同教练反应一致 share the same reaction with their coach 为奥林匹克运动做出贡献 make contribution to the Olympics movement and world peace 卫冕世界冠军 regain world champion 吸引中国大学生优秀选手 attract Chinas top university players 向世界顶级球队学习 learn from the worlds top teams 与对手较量 take on an opponent 与强队竞争 compete with strong teams 增进友谊 strengthen friendship 展示技能 demonstrate their skills 展示中国足球的最新发展 demonstrate (show) the latest development of Chinas soccer 支持北京申办 2008 年奥运会 support Beijings bid for the 2008 Olympic Games 主办奥运会 host the Olympic Games 主办中国大学生篮球联赛 sponsor the China University Basketball Association league 抓住练习和学习的机会 grasp the chance to practise and learn 响应号召 respond to the call 修改法律 amend the laws 宣布召开 announce the opening of 徇私枉法 bend the law for the benefit of relatives or friends 依法治国 govern the country according to law 引起全国的关注 arouse the concern of the whole nation 引起全世界广泛关注 attract extensive attention worldwide 赢得一个又一个胜利 win one victory after another 在中起(至关)重要作用 play a major (crucial, an important ) role in 增强凝聚力 enhance the rally power 增强综合国力和国际竞争 enhance comprehensive (overall) national strength and international competitiveness 展望伟大征程 look into the great journey 展现生机和活力 display ones vigor and vitality 战胜无数的困难 overcome numerous difficulties 振兴西部 revive the west 9 振兴中华民族 rejuvenate (revitalize) our nation 政企不分 mix up the functions of the government and enterprises 政企分开 separate government functions from enterprise management 政务公开 make government affairs public 主张各国政府采取行动 urge governments of all countries to take action 抓住机遇 seize the opportunity 转变政府职能 transform (shift) the government functions 追求进步 pursue progress 追求真理 seek the truth 走进新时代 march (stride) into the new era. 遵纪守法、廉洁奉公 observe the relevant code of conduct and the law and honestly perform ones official duties 遵循规则 follow the principles 二、经济类 爱岗敬业 cherish posts and devote wholeheartedly to work 保持国民经济发展的良好势头 maintain a good momentum of growth in the national economy 保持国有股 keep the State-held shares 保证下岗职工的基本生活 guarantee the basic needs of laid-off workers 被指控接受贿赂 be accused of accepting bribes 采取不同的办法 adopt various methods 采取反垄断措施 take anti-monopoly measures 承担风险 bear (take) risk 筹集足够的资金 raise enough funds (capital, proceeds) 创收外汇 earn foreign exchange (currency) 刺激国内经济需求 spur domestic demand 刺激国内需求 stimulate domestic demand 从粗放经济转变为集约经济 shift from extensive economy to intensive economy 从国外引进先进技术和管理 introduce from abroad the advanced technology and 经验 management expertise 促进地区间的合作 promote regional cooperation 促进改革 promote reform 促进全球经济一体化 foster integration with the global economy 打黑 crack down on speculation and profiteering 打假 take strong measures against fake and shoddy products (crack down on counterfeit goods) 打破垄断 break the monopoly 对提出控告(投诉) lodge complaints against 对造成(构成)威胁 form (pose) a threat to 夺回失去的市场 take back lost market 发挥自身优势 give full play to ones advantages 防范和化解金融风险 take precautions against and reduc