大学英语学习大纲

江西服装学院 大学英语（上）课程学习大纲 适用教材：新编大学实用英语教程第一册适用专业： 大学专科各专业适用年级及学期：大一第一学期编写人：王* 目录一、课程性质和设置目的1二、课程的基本内容1三、课程的基本要求1四、命题2五、考试2六、学习方法2七、题库3第一部分 词汇匹配3第二部分 单项选择6第三部分 选词填空9第四部分 段落英译汉11第五部分 短篇汉译英13第六部分 作文15八、样卷22 大学英语（上）学习大纲一、课程的性质和设置目的随着我国改革开放政策的贯彻，我国同国外的交流日益频繁。和发达国家相比，我国在经济上、科技上、生产力发展水平上还存在相当差距，这给我们很大压力。为了加速我国的社会主义现代化建设，我们应该以更加积极的姿态走向世界，学习和借鉴外国先进的科学技术、经营方式、管理方法和优秀的文化成果，并且向世界展示我国社会主义现代化建设的成就。英语是世界上使用最广泛的语言。它不仅是英、美、加拿大、澳大利亚、新西兰等发达资本主义国家的通用语言，也是许多非英语国家科学技术、外交、贸易、管理和文化等方面对外交流的通用语言。英语是我们实行对外开放，开展国际交流最重要的工具之一。 本课程的名称为“大学英语（上）”。本课程的目的是使学习者能比较熟练地掌握英语基础知识和语言技能，做到具有较好的阅读能力、一定的英译汉能力和初步的听、说、写及译的能力，为获取专业所需要的信息及进一步提高英语水平打下扎实的基础。二、课程的基本内容本课程在完成中学英语课程内容基础上，培养学生掌握系统的英语语言知识，包括正确英语语音知识、系统的英语语法知识和一定的词汇量(2500) ，并熟悉英语语言的表达方式。本课程强调在系统掌握英语语言知识的基础上开展大量的综合语言实践活动，培养学习者掌握正确的学习策略扎养成良好的英语学习习惯，获得一定的阅读能力、初步的听说能力和基本的书面表达能力，为以后更高阶段的英语课程学习及在工作中使用英语打下较好的基础。本课程的重点是英语的基本词汇和语法，课程的主要目的是培养阅读能力。三、课程的基本要求1语音1）能识别国际音标。2）能比较流利地朗读课文，语音。语调基本正确。2词汇1）能流利地读出，语音基本正确。2）能识别并说出词的语法特征（词类和形态变化）。3）能说出汉语词义，对比较常用的词要能英汉互译，拼写正确并记住固定搭配。4）了解基本的构词规则，记住常用前缀、后缀的意义并能根据它们猜测词性和词义。3语法1）对大纲规定的英语语法体系从整体上应有比较清楚的了解。2）熟练掌握词形变化规则。3）了解各个词类、句子成分、简单句、复合句的概念，词和词组在句中的作用，词组、分句和句子的结构，并能在阅读和翻译中运用。4阅读能读懂与指定教材后期课文难易程度相当的一般性材料，理解基本正确。5翻译1）能将阅读的材料译成汉语，译文基本正确，文字通顺。2）能把结构不太复杂、由常用词构成的汉语句子译成英语，译文基本正确。6听、说和写暂不作考试要求。四、命题本课程自学考试命题的广度和难度根据本考试大纲规定的知识范围和能力要求确定。试题包括客观性试题和主观性试题，分别占卷面总分的70和30。试题题型包括词汇匹配、单词选择、选词填空、段落英译汉、短篇汉译英、作文。五、考试考试方式为闭卷、笔试，考试时间为90分钟。试题分量以中等水平的考生能在规定的时间内答完全部试题并有适量时间检查答案为度。评分用百分制，60分为及格。六、学习方法（一）培养技能学习英语主要是学习一种技能。学英语不仅要求掌握必要的英语知识（如语音、词汇、语法）和相关的文化知识，而且要具有运用这些知识的能力和技巧。学习英语不仅要理解，更要记忆和运用。英语学习的整个过程贯穿着训练，贯穿着技能的培养。（二）要有明确的、合理的学习目标和学习计划学习公共英语课，一定要根据自己的实际情况确定学习目标和制定学习计划。首先要确定学完这门课程的目标时间，然后再把时间分解，制定出具体的进度计划。要定期检查计划的执行情况，总结成绩，发现问题，并进行必要调整。（三）发展读、听、说、译、写五种语言技能和妥善处理它们之间的关系第一，应该正确理解“读”的技能。读包括阅读和朗读。要努力做到正确和流利地朗读单词、句子和课文。这对准确、熟练地掌握英语，提高学习的效率和兴趣以及以后发展说的能力都非常重要。第二，要训练自己的听力。可以听课文英文录音或者其他录音材料。听力训练不仅培养听力，而且也有助于牢固地掌握英语单词和句型。培养听力的时候可以采用跟读的方法，把听和读的技能训练结合起来。第三，重视汉译英的练习。教材中的重点词和语法例句都有汉语译文，可以从中选择一些汉语句子译成英文，然后与教材的英文原文句子进行比较，自己发现和改正错误。第四，正确处理学习词汇、语法和课文的关系。要把专门背诵生词和学习课文结合起来，并以学习课文为主。词汇有读音、拼写、意义、语法形式和用法几个方面，这几个方面都应注意。词的用法涉及语义、语法、修辞等许多方面。我们学习英语词的用法主要指的是学习某些常用词的基本词义和搭配，这也要和学习课文结合起来。语法是用词造句的规则，掌握了语法才能正确地理解和运用语言。学习语法首先要弄清语法项目的概念，即了解它的构成形式、意义、功能和在语法体系中的地位。七、题库第一部分：词汇匹配范例一：1 ( )anxiety A. 动机 2 ( )anxious B.词汇 3 ( )perspective C.观点 4 ( )analysis D.独自地；独立地；主动地 5 ( )analyze E.分析,分解 6 ( )balance F.平衡,权衡 7 ( )structure G.构造,结构 8 ( )motivate H.忧虑,焦急,渴望 9 ( )explore I.探险,探测,探究 10( )tip J.依赖；依靠 11( )improve K 改善,改进,提高 12( )practical L.实际的,实践的,实用的 13( )endless M.无穷的,无止境的 14( )vocabulary N.担忧的,渴望的 15( )website O.网站 16( )actually P.事实上,实际上 17( )figure out Q.想出；弄清楚；了解 18( )on ones own R.分析 19( )no longer S.不再 20( )rely on T.提示,技巧范例二： 1 ( )forum A.一瞥,一看 2 ( ) skillful B.灵巧的,熟练的 3 ( )reinforce C.对.有耐心 4 ( )patient D.耐心的,忍耐的 5 ( )patience E.耐性,忍耐 6 ( )impatient F.不耐烦的,急躁的 7 ( )discourage G.使气馁,使泄气 8 ( )discouraged H.痛苦,悲惨,不幸 9 ( )encourage I.鼓励 10( )courage J.勇气,胆量 11( )mention K.提及,说起 12( )priority L.优先,优先权 13( )glimpse M.论坛 14( )normal N.因.而发怒 15( )miserable O.痛苦的,悲惨的,可怜 16( )misery P.气馁的 17( )instead of Q.代替；而不是. 18( )be interested in R.对.感兴趣 19( )be patient with S.增强,加强 20( )be angry at T.正常的,标准的范例三： 1 ( )comfort A.坚持,固守 2 ( )comfortable B.舒适的 3 ( )tragedy C.宽恕；原谅 4 ( )comedy D.喜剧 5 ( )fortune E.命运,运气 6 ( )recommend F.轮流,交替 7 ( )widespread G.分布广泛的,传播很广的 8 ( )click H.点击 9 ( )innovation I.新发明,创新 10( )digital J.数字的,数位的 11( )technological K.跪下请求 12( )stick L.安慰,舒适 13( )ensure M.使确信或肯定,保证 14( )treasure N.珍视,珍藏 15( )flexible O.灵活的,可变通的 16( )alternate P.推荐,介绍 17( ) use up Q.用完；耗尽 18( )embarrass by R.因.而窘迫；使.困难 19( )forgive for S.悲剧 20( )fall on ones knees T.科技的范例四： 1 ( )decorate A.令人诅丧的 2 ( )nevertheless B.尽管如此,然而,不过 3 ( )regret C.制服 4 ( )harsh D.严厉的,严酷的 5 ( )precious E.宝贵的,珍贵的 6 ( )forgive F.原谅,宽恕 7 ( )imagine G.想象,猜想 8 ( )challenge H.挑战 9 ( )destination I.多于，大于 10( )meander J.漫步 11( )frustrating K.装饰,布置,装修 12( )infamous L.声名狼藉的,无耻的 13( )attempt M.企图,试图,尝试 14( )pray N.祈祷,恳求 15( )uniform O.后悔,惋惜 16( )more than P.目的地,终点 17( )in panic Q.恐慌 18( )hop off R.下来；起飞；离开 19( )at this point S.这时候；此时此刻 20( )manage to do T.设法完成某事 范例五： 1 ( )assist A.减少，缩小 2 ( )demonstrate B.证明,展示,论证,示威 3 ( )demonstration C.促进，提升 4 ( )tremendous D.极大的,巨大的,惊人的 5 ( )meld E.融合，合并，结合 6 ( )mix F.当提到. 当说到. 7 ( )mass transit G.公共交通；公共交通工具 8 ( )prefer H.经由，通过 9 ( )promote I.有利于，促进 10( )promotion J.示范,证明,示威游行 11( )option K.选择，选择权 12( )reduce L.助手,助理,助教 13( )contribute to M.有助于；捐献 14( )logistics N.组织工作，物流，后勤学 15( )community O.社区，社会，团体 16( )via P.宁可，较喜欢 17( )terrain Q.地域，地带，地势 18( )hassle R.困难，麻烦，烦扰 19( )security S.安全，保证 20( )when it comes to T.混合，渗入，合成范例六： 1 ( )process A.梦见，渴望2 ( )attendant B.山水，风景3 ( )hover C.徘徊不定4 ( )device D.设备，装置，装备5 ( )snowflake E.条件，情况6 ( )landscape F.服务人员，侍者7 ( )drought G.渴望，喜好8 ( )evaporate H.蒸发，消失9 ( )melt I.融化，消散10( )condition J.雪花，雪片11( )conditional K.有条件的，安慰，使舒适12( ) dream of L.过程，工序，加工，处理 13( )bottom M.底部，底端14( )top N.顶部15( )keen O.热衷的，敏锐的16( )gather P.聚集17( )achieve Q.完成，达到，实现18( )achievement R.成就19( )fall down S.降落，跌倒，失败20( )be keen on T.干旱第二部分：单项选择1. My father is a farmer, but _D_ is yours?A. who B. how C. which D. what2. One of them hasnt got _D_ lessons prepared.A. her B. its C. ones D. His3. You dont look quite _D_ today. Whats the matter with you?A. you B. your C. your own D. yourself4. Though _B_ is a long way from here, well do our best to reach there in time.A. there B. it C. its D. Itself5.Do you know Jim quarrel with his brother?I dont know, _B_. A. nor dont I care B. nor do I care C. I dont care neither D. I dont care also6. _A_ are fond of collecting stamps. A. Both the children B. Both of children C. My both children D. Both of the my children7. Not until the early years of the19th century _D_ what heat is. A. man did know B. man knew C. didnt man know D. did man know8. _B_got into the room, _ the telephone rang. A.He hardly; then B. Hardly had he; when C. He had not; than D. Not had he; when9. The park, _A_ we met with him, is very nice.A. where B. which C. that D. when10. The first time _C_ I saw her was in 1989.A. when B. which C. that D. as11.Pay attention to all _D_ I do.A. which B. in which C. what D. that12. Ive read all the books _D_ you gave me.A. which B. them C. what D. that13. Is there anything _C_ I can do for you?A. what B. which C. that D. it14. The woman _C_ child had fallen ill was a doctor.A. who B. her C. whose D. /15. The pen _D_ Im using _ is hers.A. which; it B. that; it C. it; / D. /16. I have the same trouble C_ you have.A. that B. which C. as D. what17. Its the very book _B_ I want to find.A. which B. that C. it D. so18. “When did you go to work?” “As soon as they came, we _A_ to work.”A. went B. were going C. had gone D. go19. “Did you wait for him very long?” “Yes, I _B_ to bed until five in the morning.”A. did go B. didnt go C. had gone D. went20. Perhaps it will be a long time _D_ from abroad. A. when Tom comes back B. when Tom will come backC. before Tom comes back D. that Tom comes back21. The news _C_ to Shanghai delighted all of them.A. they would go B. which they would goC. that they would go D. would go22. _B_ is that I have promised to make friends with the dishonest girl.A. The only thing what I regret B. What I regret mostC. All what I really regret most D. What that I regret most23. _C_ she is living now is not known to anybody.A. Whether B. When C. Where D. Why24. This is _B_ the river has been polluted.A. what B. why C. that D. whether25. That is _C_ he was born.A. what B. that C. where D. whether26._B_ a good thing that they didnt catch you.A. Thats B. Its C. Theres D. Whats27. _C_ a pity that I didnt see you.A. Thats B. Whats C. Its D. Theres28. We _A_ 30 minutes to complete the test.A. were given B. had given C. gave D. were giving29. The boy _D_ in the street till a PLA man came to pick it up.A. was crying B. has been crying C. has cried D. had been crying30. What he said _B_ the listeners.A. effected B. affected C. was effected D. was affected31. By the end of this term we _B_ ten English lessons.A. will learn B. will have learned C. have learned D. would be learning32. Xiao Wang said that he _D_ to our meeting the next day.A. will come B. were coming C. is coming D. would come33. I _A_ my grandmother at three this afternoon.A. shall be visiting B. shall have visited C. am visiting D. will visit34. Look out! The wall _A_ fall!A. is going to B. will be C. shall D. will35. You _D_ an English test in a week.A. have B. had C. have had D. will have36. Every means _A_ been tried to save the boy.A. has B. have C. are D. is37. Mrs Brown as well as her two sisters _D_ interested in light music.A. have B. has C. are D. is38. A number of the students in our school _A_ sent to work in Tibet.A. are B. is C. have D. has39. The professor and writer _A_ coming to make a report on Chinese literature.A. is B. are C. has D. have40. Many a boy and many a girl _A_ made such a funny experiment.A. hare B. are C. has D. is41. Li Ming _D_ his brothers and sisters has a hobby of collecting stamps.A. and B. or C. nor D. as well as42. Two hours _C_ enough for us.A. are B. have C. is D. has43. On the table _B_ two dictionaries, one open, the other closed.A. lies B. lays C. laid D. lie44. It was not _D_ he took off his dark glass _ I realized who he was.A. when; that B. until; when C. when; then D. until; that45. _D_ he is very good at numbers.A. As he is a small boy B. A small boy he isC. A small boy as he is D. Small boy as he is46. _B_ Newton started to do experiments, he forgot about the time.A. When B. Once C. If D. As47. _B_ hard I tried, I still couldnt manage it.A. No matter B. However C. Although D. Though48. We young people should go _D_ the Party wands us to.A. no matter where B. to the placeC. to any place D. wherever49. Make a mark _D_ you have any questions.A. which B. in which C. what D. where50. _D_ time went on, the weather got colder and colder.A. With B. Since C. While D. As51. Sorry I havent been able to do _B_ I should.A. as many as B. as much as C. as far as D. move than52. Youve done much better _B_ expected.A. as B. than C. more than D. such as53. Everything returned to normal _A_ nothing had happened.A. as if B. because C. when D. for54. Take an umbrella with you _D_ it should rain.A. in no case B. in the case C. in case of D. in case55. So _C_ that no one could catch up with him.A. did he run quickly B. he ran quicklyC. quickly did he run D. quickly he ran56. _D_ so we had to walk home.A. There being no buses B. Being no busesC. As there were D. There were no buses57. Hardly _A_ come into the room _ the meeting began.A. had they; when B. they had; whenC. did they; than D. they did; then58. I wrote down his name and address _B_ I should forget it.A. in order that B. for fear that C. so that D. Since59. I insisted that he _A_ there alone.A. go B. went C. goes D. has gone60. It _C_ that the tourists will pay a visit to our school.A. reports B. reported C. is reported D. was reported第三部分：选词填空范例一： add up join in went thought dirty grateful fell in love disagree with partner recovered playing 1.When john and kiting met for the first time, they with each other.2.He a very hard time in his home town, when he was young.3.The number of the workers in this factory to 700.4.The children in this school are very happy they all kind of activities after school.5.I dont think you are right. I quite you.6.My uncle suffered from a serious disease. Luckily he has now. 7.Look,Tom your desk is very . Why not clean it right now?8.There is a ball this evening. I think you had better take your .9.He gives me a hand when I am in trouble. I am really to her.10.Jack spent the evening along computer games in the bedroom.范例二：come to an end make up ones mind look forward to concentrate on a lack of make a difference dreamed expect recorded determine 1. The meeting _ at about six oclock in the evening. 2. Mr. Reed _ to devote all his life to the education for the deaf children.3. They are _ seeing you again soon.4. Stop talking and _ your work.5. You cant _ to learn a foreign language in a week.6. Changing schools _ to the girls life.7. He treated his parents with _ respect, which made them very sad.8. I _ about flying last night.9. The money we have will _ how long we can stay here.10. She _ everything that was said at the meeting.范例三： truly spirit skill cheer caring worried fire understanding model loyal 1. john is an excellent student. we take him as our_2.she seems very_ about something3.reading and writing are two different_4.every time john won a race the crowd_5.jack is a man full of _and determination6.parents should be _and no always scold their children7.Im _grateful to you for